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Biomedical subjects

S Kitano

Publications and source records attributed to S Kitano.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Prospective randomized trial comparing two injection techniques for sclerosing oesophageal varices: over-tube and free-hand.

The safety, efficacy and complications of two techniques of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy were examined in 102 consecutive patients, using either a totally transparent over-tube or the free-hand technique. The choice of treatment was at random. There was a significantly higher control of variceal bleeding when the over-tube technique was used (100 per cent versus 77 per cent, P less than 0.05). The frequency of re-bleeding before the eradication of oesophageal varices was significantly less in the over-tube group than in the free-hand group (P less than 0.01), although all re-bleedings were well controlled with additional injections of 5 per cent ethanolamine oleate. There was no significant difference between the two techniques with regard to the frequency of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for eradication of oesophageal varices. The over-tube technique is safer than the free-hand technique and takes less time to accomplish; at the initial session of treatment, time and bleeding during these techniques were 11.5 +/- 2.3 min (mean +/- s.d.) and 7.3 +/- 5.9 ml in the over-tube technique, and 20.4 +/- 4.1 min and 45.1 +/- 30.0 ml in the free-hand technique (P less than 0.001, in both time and bleeding).

Esophageal and Gastric Varices↗
PubMed1987

A transparent over-tube for endoscopic injection sclerotherapy and results in patients with esophageal varices.

This report describes our data regarding repeated injection sclerotherapy using a newly designed over-tube. We treated 17 consecutive patients with esophageal varices, (3 acute, 6 elective and 8 prophylactic). An intravariceal injection of 5 per cent ethanolamine oleate was administered, using a newly designed transparent over-tube containing a second lumen for a flexible injection needle. This over-tube provides an easier, safer, shorter-in-time method of sclerosing esophageal varices. One of the 17 patients died as a result of liver failure associated with advanced cirrhosis and a concomitant hepatoma. Eradication of esophageal varices was attained in the remaining 16 patients, after an average of 5.0 injections over an average period of 5.8 weeks (range: 3-7 injections during 3-11 weeks). No complications, such as esophageal perforation or aspiration pneumonia were encountered. Recurrent variceal bleeding has not occurred during the 9 months follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Biological characterization of interleukin-1-like cytokine produced by cultured bone cells from newborn mouse calvaria.

We have investigated the role of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-1-like factor in the regulatory mechanisms of a bone remodeling system. To determine whether the bone cell itself produces IL-1-like cytokine, we examined bone cells cultured from newborn mouse calvaria. Bone cells migrating from fragments of newborn mouse calvaria were used in this study. We also used bone cells obtained by consecutive digestion of the calvaria with enzymes. These bone cells were cultured in fetal calf serum-containing alpha-MEM. IL-1-like cytokine activity was measured by incorporation of [3H]thymidine into C3H/HeJ thymocytes stimulated with PHA. When treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli 0111 B4, the cultured bone cells produced a significant amount of IL-1-like cytokine. The maximum concentration of IL-1-like cytokine was observed in culture supernatants of the bone cells cultured for 24 hours with the LPS in serum-free medium. The IL-1-like cytokine closely resembles IL-1 in some of its biological characteristics: stimulation of mitogen-induced thymocyte proliferation, stimulation of fibroblast proliferation, pyrogenicity, and molecular weight. These results show that cultured bone cells from newborn mouse calvariae produce an IL-1-like cytokine that closely resembles IL-1.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A rapid and relatively safer method of sclerosing esophageal varices utilizing a new transparent tube.

Over a 20 month period, 348 injection sclerotherapy treatments were performed using the new transparent tube. There was no occurrence of pulmonary complications or esophageal injury. Our experience with both the free-hand and the new tube techniques revealed that the latter provides an easier, safer, and more rapid method of sclerosing esophageal varices. The patients can swallow the new tube with no difficulty after administration of topical anesthesia and light sedation.

Esophageal and Gastric Varices↗
PubMed1987

Spontaneous production of thymocyte-activating factor by human gingival fibroblasts and its autoregulatory effect on their proliferation.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether human gingival fibroblasts produce a cytokine which modulates in immune and inflammatory responses including alterations in connective tissue metabolism in periodontal tissue. We found that a cultured human gingival fibroblast cell line (Gin-1) and freshly isolated human gingival fibroblasts produced thymocyte-activating factor(s), so we called the factor(s) fibroblast-derived thymocyte-activating factor (FTAF). Growth of the producing cell was itself modulated by the factor(s). Gin-1 cells spontaneously produced a significant amount of FTAF in a cell growth-dependent manner. Maximum activity was observed in conditioned medium from stationary-phase cells. The activity in conditioned medium of cultures lacking serum was significantly higher than that in those containing serum. Treatment of Gin-1 cell cultures with cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, markedly inhibited FTAF production. When Gin-1 cells were stimulated by triggering with muramyl dipeptide or sonicated extracts of Bacteroides gingivalis, FTAF production was significantly stimulated. Freshly isolated human gingival fibroblasts from gingival biopsies of healthy donors also produced FTAF which enhanced thymocyte proliferation. Peaks of thymocyte proliferation activity in conditioned medium from Gin-1 cells were observed in fractions having molecular weights of 25,000, 35,000, and 45,000, as determined by Sephadex G-75 column chromatography. The peak fractions (partially purified FTAF) significantly suppressed the proliferation of Gin-1 cells themselves as evaluated by [3H]thymidine uptake. The suppressive effect of partially purified FTAF was, at least partially, mediated by endogenous prostaglandin for the following reasons: addition of indomethacin, and inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, abrogated the suppressive effect; partially purified FTAF stimulated the production of prostaglandin E2 by the cells; and the suppression of cell proliferation was reinforced by addition of exogenous prostaglandins. These observations suggest that gingival fibroblasts play a significant role in regulation of cell growth of lymphocytes and in their own growth under physiological conditions and in pathological states in periodontal connective tissue.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1987

Ultrasonic duplex system to facilitate assessment of portal blood flow velocity.

The usefulness of an ultrasonic duplex system to assess portal blood flow was investigated. In a model involving a steady flow through a vinyl tube in agar, there was a significant linear correlation between the maximum blood flow velocity measured by this system (V-max) and the mean blood flow velocity calculated from the actually measured blood flow volume (V-mean), that is, V-mean = 0.53 X V-max was obtained (r = 0.994; n = 47). This equation was used to calculate the mean portal blood flow velocity by this system (V-dopp) in 10 patients with liver disease, and the findings were compared with data simultaneously obtained by cineangiographic mapping of Lipiodol droplets released into the portal vein through a catheter placed in situ at the time of surgery (V-cine). A linear correlation between V-dopp and V-cine was statistically significant (r = 0.970; n = 13), and the regression line was V-cine = 1.29 X V-dopp -2.11. The ultrasonic duplex system proved reliable for a quantitative assessment of portal hemodynamics.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1987

Ethanolamine oleate is superior to polidocanol (aethoxysklerol) for endoscopic injection sclerotherapy of esophageal varices: a prospective randomized trial.

Thirty-four consecutive patients with liver cirrhosis and esophageal varices were included in a prospective randomized trial done to investigate the efficacy and safety of two sclerosants 5% ethanolamine oleate (EO) and polidocanol (1% Aethoxysklerol [AS]) for use in endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS). Eighteen patients were randomly allocated to the group given EO and 16 to the AS group. These two groups were comparable with regard to age, sex, etiology and severity of the liver disease. The bleeding rate from esophageal ulcers which developed during the course of repeated EIS was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in the AS group (31.3%, 5/16) than in the EO group (0%, 0/18). In 4 occasions bleeding from the esophageal ulcer could not be controlled with AS. In 3 of these 4 bleeding episodes, EO successfully halted bleeding from esophageal ulcer. In the other patient, a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube was inserted to stop the hemorrhage. The period and number of sessions of EIS for eradication of esophageal varices were significantly (P less than 0.05) shorter in the EO group than the AS group (EO: 4.0 +/- 0.8 [means +/- SD] sessions during 4.7 +/- 1.5 weeks versus AS: 4.8 +/- 1.2 sessions during 5.4 +/- 1.6 weeks). The rate of early mortality did not differ between the two groups. We conclude that 5% ethanolamine oleate seems to be superior to 1% Aethoxysklerol when used for sclerosing esophageal varices.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1986

Human purified interleukin-1 inhibits DNA synthesis and cell growth of osteoblastic cell line (MC3T3-E1), but enhances alkaline phosphatase activity in the cells.

We examined the effects of human purified interleukin-1 (IL-1) on DNA synthesis, cell growth, and alkaline phosphatase activity in the osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 under both preconfluent and confluent culture conditions. Addition of IL-1 to the cells markedly inhibited their DNA synthesis and growth over the range 1-10 U/ml. Such significant inhibitory effects were observed in cells cultivated in 1 or 5% fetal calf serum (FCS)-containing alpha modification Eagle's medium (alpha-MEM), but not in alpha-MEM containing 10% FCS. In contrast, alkaline phosphatase activity was enhanced significantly by IL-1 in the cell line cultivated in 1% FCS-containing alpha-MEM. These results demonstrate that human purified IL-1 is effective in inducing the differentiation of osteoblastic cell MC3T3-E1.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1986

Venous anatomy of the lower oesophagus in portal hypertension: practical implications.

The venous anatomy of the lower oesophagus and upper stomach in man was studied using high resolution resin casts obtained from ten fresh cadavers. Four layers of veins were identified in the oesophagus of both normal and portal hypertension patients. Intra-epithelial channels drained into a superficial venous plexus which connected to larger deep intrinsic veins. Both the superficial plexus and the deep intrinsic veins communicated directly with their counterpart veins in the stomach. Perforating veins connected the deeper veins with the adventitial plexus, the fourth layer. In patients with portal hypertension all of these veins were significantly dilated. Typical large oesophageal varices arose from the main trunks of the deep intrinsic veins which communicated directly with gastric varices. This study clarifies the anatomy of oesophageal varices and may explain why sclerotherapy is usually effective. The venous communications are probably partly responsible for the recurrence of varices after sclerotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Eradication of esophageal varices with repeated injection sclerotherapy in inoperable patients.

Esophageal varices in 50 cirrhotic patients were treated with repeated injection sclerotherapy. Eradication of varices was achieved in 27 patients (54.0%) with a mean of 4.5 injections (range 2-12) after a mean period of 3.1 months (range 1-11). There was no variceal bleeding in these 27 patients once eradication had been achieved, with a mean follow up period of 5.6 months, although bleeding occurred in 5 of the same group before eradication of the varices had been achieved, during an average of 3.1 months, and in 6 of the remaining 23 patients (10 episodes) with residual varices after a mean of 4.7 injections (range 2-12) in a mean period of 12.2 months (range 1-33). Esophageal varices can thus be eradicated with repeated injections and bleeding from recurrent esophageal varices can be prevented in many patients after eradication has been achieved.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Humoral antibody response against Bacteroides gingivalis-specific antigen recognized by monoclonal antibody in adult periodontal patients.

An antigen recognized by monoclonal antibody specific for Bacteroides gingivalis was purified in the presence of 0.5% (wt/vol) beta-octyl-glucoside by immunoadsorbent column chromatography. The purified antigen was homogeneous as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and silver staining, and the pattern of SDS-PAGE agreed with that of immunoblotting. The molecule exhibited an apparent molecular weight of about 62,000 by SDS-PAGE. The antigen was sensitive to trypsin, Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease, DNase I and II, and heating, but insensitive to RNase and neuraminidase. By the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, the purified antigen was not cross-reactive with rat polyclonal antibodies to each of several black-pigmented Bacteroides species, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Eikenella corrodens, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. These results indicate that the purified antigen is specific for B. gingivalis. Humoral antibody titers in adult periodontal patients against the specific antigen were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum immunoglobulin G antibody titers against the specific antigen in adult periodontal patients correlated significantly with the severity of periodontal disease. However, such significant correlation was not observed with serum immunoglobulin M antibody titers.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Transport of fluorescein monoglucuronide out of the vitreous.

The transport of fluorescein monoglucuronide, a fluorescent metabolite of fluorescein, from the vitreous was studied. Ten microliter of 1 mM fluorescein monoglucuronide or fluorescein solution was injected into the rabbit vitreous body, and the vitreous concentration was measured every 2 hr. The rate of loss from the vitreous was 0.066 +/- 0.012 (SD)/hour for fluorescein monoglucuronide and 0.22 +/- 0.029/hour for fluorescein. Systemically administered probenecid caused a statistically significant reduction in the loss from the vitreous of each of them.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Spontaneous production of interleukin-1-like cytokine from a mouse osteoblastic cell line (MC3T3-E1).

We have investigated the role of interleukin-1 in the regulatory mechanisms of a bone remodeling system. Osteoblastic cell line (MC3T3-E1) established from newborn mouse calvaria spontaneously produced interleukin-1-like cytokine. Although the interleukin-1-like activity was not observed in culture supernatants of the cells during their exponential phase of growth, a most remarkable interleukin-1-like activity was detected in the supernatants of cells cultured in serum-free alpha-MEM on day 5 after the cells had formed a confluent monolayer. Gel filtration analysis indicated that the interleukin-1-like cytokine exhibits some heterogeneity in size.

Animals↗