The sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles of the rat, which are innervated by the spinal accessory nerve (SAN) and cervical spinal nerve (CSN), consist of five smaller muscles: the sternomastoid, cleidomastoid, clavotrapezius, acromiotrapezius, and spinotrapezius. In this study, the location of cell somata of the motoneurons supplying each of these smaller muscles and the peripheral course of their axons have been studied by means of the horseradish peroxidase retrograde axonal transport technique (the HRP method) in combination with cutting of the SAN. The sternocleidomastoid and trapezius motoneurons formed three cell columns, column-M, -L, and -5, in the ipsilateral ventral horn of the cervical spinal cord. Column-M and -L extend longitudinally in the medial nucleus of C1 and C2 and in the ventrolateral nucleus from the middle of C2 to the middle of C6, respectively. These columns consist of the motoneurons whose axons pass through the SAN and they merge in the caudal C2 to constitute the spinal accessory nucleus. Column-5, which consists of the motoneurons passing through the CSN, extends longitudinally from C3 to C5 close to column-L in the ventrolateral nucleus. Motoneurons supplying the sternomastoid, cleidomastoid, clavotrapezius, acromiotrapezius, and spinotrapezius muscles showed a rostrocaudal somatotopic distribution in the spinal accessory nucleus and in column-5 in this order, though the sternomastoid motoneurons were not found in column-5.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Involvement of liver aldehyde oxidase in sulfoxide reduction.

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Aldehyde Oxidase↗

PubMed1982

Surgery for ascending aortic aneurysm with aortic regurgitation.

We reviewed 22 consecutive patients undergoing surgery during 13 years from 1968 to 1981 for ascending aortic aneurysms associated with aortic regurgitation due primarily to idiopathic medionecrosis resulting in annuloaortic ectasia. Chronic aortic dissection was accompanied in 45% of the patients. The operative period was divided into 2 stages, the first from 1968 to 1976, and the second from 1977 to 1981. In the earlier period, the operative mortality was 42%, and it improved significantly to 0% (p less than 0.05) in the later period. The reasons for improved surgical results are 1) the employment of the Bentall operation with some technical modifications and 2) the use of better myocardial protection method with cold potassium cardioplegia. The postoperative hemodynamic and clinical improvements were significant. The left ventricular improved toward normal (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.001). Operative survivors showed a clinical improvement from NYHA class 3 to 1.3 on an average. The actuarial survival rate at 6 years after operation was 64.3% in the entire series, and 71.1% in patients with the Bentall operation. In patients with type I aortic dissection, a false lumen remained patent after operation and may progress to cause late morbidity or mortality. Surgery should be performed earlier than aortic dissection takes place whenever feasible. The Bentall operation can now be performed with a low risk, and can improve the clinical and hemodynamic states and very possibly prolong the longevity of the patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

Reconstructive surgery for acquired valve disease.

There has been a continuing controversy between reconstructive valve surgery and replacement. In this paper, an analysis of clinical and hemodynamic late results of the patients undergoing open mitral commissurotomy (OMC, 135 patients), repair of mitral regurgitation (MAP, 32 patients), and combined valvuloplasty (62 patients) was presented. 1) OMC: The 10-year actuarial survival rate was 86.5% postoperatively. None of the patients required reoperation in this series. Clinical and hemodynamic improvements mainly depended upon the anatomical severity of a stenosed mitral valve. 2) MAP: The 10-year actuarial survival rate was 94% postoperatively. Especially, good to excellent results were obtained in the patients with mitral regurgitation due to ruptured chordae or dilated annulus. 3) Combined valvuloplasty: The 10-year actuarial survival rates postoperatively were 90% in OMC + tricuspid annuloplasty group (31 patients), 100% in MAP + tricuspid annuloplasty group (7 patients), and 87.2% in OMC + aortic commissurotomy group (24 patients). The reconstructive valve surgery provides very small operative risk, very low late mortality and morbidity. Therefore, it should be the treatment of choice for most of the patients with symptomatic valve disease.

Aortic Valve↗

PubMed1982

In vitro metabolism of sulindac and sulindac sulfide: enzymatic formation of sulfoxide and sulfone.

Liver 9,000 X g supernatants from guinea pigs, rabbits, and dogs could catalyze the oxidation of both sulindac sulfide and sulindac, whereas those from mice and rats could catalyze only the oxidation of sulindac sulfide. In guinea pigs, the sulindac sulfide oxidase activity was detected in the 9,000 X g supernatants of kidney and lung as well as liver, whereas the sulindac oxidase activity was detected only in the liver preparation. In addition, the former activity was located in both liver microsomal and cytosolic fractions, whereas the latter activity was located only in the microsomal fraction. Both sulindac sulfide and sulindac oxidase activities of guinea pig liver microsomes were inhibited by SKF 525-A, N-ethyl-maleimide, and potassium cyanide. However, carbon monoxide inhibited only the oxidation of sulindac. The microsomal sulindac oxidase activity was enhanced 4-fold by 3-methylcholanthrene treatment.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Production of antibiotic SU-2 complex by a 2-deoxystreptamine idiotroph of Micromonospora sagamiensis.

A 2-deoxystreptamine idiotrophic mutant of Micromonospora sagamiensis, KY 11509, was found to produce unknown antibacterial substances, which were named SU-2 complex. Each component, SU-1, SU-2 and SU-3 were isolated from a culture broth of KY 11509. Chromatographic data suggested that these components were new antibiotics. The antibiotics exhibited potent and broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. The amount of SU-1, SU-2 and SU-3 production reached their maximum level (197, 82 and 58 micrograms/liter, respectively) in 3 to 4 days. Addition of cobalt chloride markedly stimulated SU-1 production but suppressed SU-2 and SU-3 production. Isolation of a mutant possessing a higher productivity of SU-2 complex is also described.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1982