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Biomedical subjects

S Kishimoto

Publications and source records attributed to S Kishimoto.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Immunoregulatory T-lymphocyte functions in patients with small cell lung cancer.

The present study was performed to elucidate the differences in immune status between patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and those with non-small cell lung cancer. The study group consisted of 18 patients with SCLC and 15 with non-SCLC. Two healthy volunteers and 13 patients with benign disease were also included in the present study as the non-cancer control. In the non-SCLC group, although not statistically significant, the percentages of both OKT3+ and OKT4+ T-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were slightly decreased, associated with a slight increase in the percentage of OKT8+ T-cells, and a slight decrease in the OKT4+ to OKT8+ T-cell ratio. In contrast, the PBL of the SCLC patients showed significantly lower proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin and human recombinant interleukin 2 than did the PBL of both the SCLC patients and the noncancer control group. The ability of PBL to produce lymphokines (interleukin 2 and macrophage activating factor) was significantly impaired in the SCLC group but not in the non-SCLC group. These results suggest that suppression of helper T-cell functions and/or potentiation of suppressor T-cell functions should occur in patients with SCLC.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Macrophage tumoricidal activity as a possible antitumor mechanism associated with the local injection of allogeneic spleen cells into rats.

The in vivo antitumor effect of i.p. injection of allogeneic spleen cells was investigated. ACl rats were inoculated i.p. with 10(4) AMC-60 syngeneic fibrosarcoma cells and given injections i.p. of 4 X 10(7) Wistar spleen cells once a week for 3 wk from 1 day after tumor inoculation. This treatment significantly prolonged the survival period of the tumor-bearing rats. A similar effect was obtained by i.p. injections of Lewis spleen cells. Injection i.p. into ACl rats of spleen cells of these rat strains resulted in the apparent augmentation of cytolytic activity of peritoneal adherent but not of nonadherent cells against AMC-60 tumor cells. The cytotoxicity was exhibited nonspecifically to cells of a variety of tumor lines but not to concanavalin A blasts of ACl spleen cells and was inhibited by the addition of carrageenan. Irradiation (2000 R) of Lewis spleen cells or fractionation of the allogeneic spleen cells using nylon wool columns revealed that a radiosensitive and nylon wool-passed cell population, presumably a T-cell population, of the allogeneic spleen cells is responsible for the augmentation of peritoneal macrophage tumoricidal activity in ACl rats. Further, Lewis spleen cells irradiated at 2000 R neither augmented peritoneal macrophage cytotoxicity nor prolonged the survival period of ACl rats bearing AMC-60 tumor, suggesting that the augmentation of peritoneal macrophage cytotoxicity plays a major role in the in vivo antitumor effect of the allogeneic spleen cell transfer. ACl rats were given injections i.p. of 4 X 10(7) Lewis spleen cells. Two days after injection, cells including peritoneal cells of the ACl rats and Lewis spleen cells remaining in the peritoneal cavities were obtained by peritoneal lavages and then incubated for 5 days. Significant blastogenic proliferation was observed, and the supernatant of the culture was shown to be able to render thioglycollate-induced peritoneal macrophages of ACl rats cytotoxic to AMC-60 tumor cells, indicating that a certain cell population of the cell mixture produced a lymphokine(s) resembling macrophage activating factor (MAF) during the incubation. When ACl rats were given injections i.p. of irradiated Lewis spleen cells, neither the blastogenic proliferation nor the generation of MAF activity in the culture supernatant was observed. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis using rabbit anti-ACl and anti-Lewis antisera revealed that as many irradiated Lewis spleen cells were remaining in the peritoneal cavities as normal Lewis spleen cells 2 days after injection into ACl rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Three cases of Eagle's syndrome].

Recently microvascular decompression surgery has been performed for trigeminal neuralgia or glossopharyngeal neuralgia with remarkable success. In differential diagnosis of such neuralgia, a lot of atypical facial pain must be taken into consideration, one of which is so-called Eagle's syndrome. This syndrome is characterized by elongated styloid process or calcified stylohyoid ligament compressing the Vth and/or IXth cranial nerve. In the present paper we report three cases of Eagle's syndrome and discuss the mechanism, differential diagnosis and surgical treatment of the facial pain in this syndrome. The first case was a 40-year-old man. He complained of continuous dull pain on the right face. Sometimes he also suffered from radiating pain into the orbit and maxillary region. A-P and lateral projection of plain skull film showed elongated styloid process measuring about 4.5 cm in length. This process curved medially and was palpable in the tonsillar fossa. Above mentioned radiating pain was released by the injection of local anesthesic agent into the tonsillar fossa. From these findings, diagnosis of Eagle's syndrome was made. He was performed partial styloidectomy by transoral approach with complete relief of the facial pain. The second case was a 49-year-old woman. She complained of continuous or periodic pain that radiating from the right subauricular area to the right neck. Lateral view of plain skull film showed elongation of her right styloid process measuring about 4 cm in length. In the right tonsillar fossa, the elongated styloid process was palpable, compression of which induced radiating pain. By injection of anesthesic material into the right tonsillar fossa the pain disappeared temporarilly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Small and large forms of hepatitis B e antigen in the serum: determination by two-site sandwich radioimmunoassay with monoclonal antibodies.

Serum samples containing hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) were subjected to electrophoresis in agarose, and fast-migrating 'small' HBeAg and slow-migrating 'large' IgG-associated HBeAg were pooled separately. HBeAg of each category was determined by a two-site radioimmunoassay that sandwiched HBeAg between monoclonal antibody (anti-HBe) against one epitope of HBeAg, fixed on a solid support, and anti-HBe against another epitope, labelled with radioiodine. Eighteen sera in which small HBeAg dominated revealed activities of hepatitis B surface antigen-associated DNA polymerase significantly higher than 14 sera in which large HBeAg dominated (logarithm of ct/min, mean +/- s.e. 3.36 +/- 0.08 versus 2.14 +/- 0.11, P less than 0.01). Shift from small HBeAg to large HBeAg was observed, along with the disappearance of DNA polymerase, in the serum from two carriers who seroconverted to anti-HBe.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

Studies on monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotics. V. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 3-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-(Z)-2-(O-substituted oxyimino)-acetamido]-1-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-2-azetidinones having various functional groups at C-4 position of beta-lactam.

The synthesis and antibacterial activity of the 3-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-(Z)-2-(O-substituted oxyimino)acetamido]-1-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-2-azetidinones++ + having various functional groups at C-4 position of beta-lactam are described. These compounds exhibited a strong activity against a variety of Gram-negative bacteria including beta-lactamase-producing strains. Among various C-4 substituents explored, the fluoromethyl and carbamoyloxymethyl moiety were found to increase the activity.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

Taurine's possible protective role in age-dependent response to calcium paradox.

When hearts were reperfused with Ca++ after a short period of Ca++-free perfusion, irreversible loss of electrical and mechanical activity was observed. This phenomenon, first described by Zimmerman and Hulsmann, was termed the "calcium paradox". Chizzonite and Zak recently reported that rat hearts exhibited an age-dependent response in a calcium paradox model. The taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) content of hearts in the newborn animal is high, and decreases rapidly during the first few days of life. The present experiments were performed to test whether the myocardial taurine content was closely linked to an age-dependent response in the calcium paradox model, using post-hatched chicks. The mechanical dysfunction of the heart was much more severe in 9-day-old post-hatched chicks than in 2-day-old chicks when the hearts were subjected to the calcium paradox. Myocardial taurine content was lower in the 9-day-old chicks than in the 2-day-old chicks. The age-related response to the calcium paradox was partially protected by oral pretreatment with taurine, and there was a small increase in myocardial taurine level. It is proposed that myocardial taurine is one factor in the protection against the calcium paradox phenomenon.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Identification of immunoassayable estrogen receptor lacking hormone binding ability in tamoxifen-treated rat uterus.

Using two different monoclonal antibodies to human estrogen receptor (ER), the enzymeimmunoassay was performed. The values of ER contents in human breast cancer and untreated rat uteri obtained by this procedure were correlated well with those by [3H] estradiol binding assay. When estradiol was injected to immature rats, the enzymeimmunoassay showed the uterine receptor dynamic pattern similar to those analyzed by exchange assays. In contrast, tamoxifen administration induced the immunoassayable but nonsteroid binding form of ER. This ER-like antigen was the heat-labile molecule with the sedimentation constant of 7 S while ER in untreated rat uterine cytosol sedimented at 9 S. These results suggest the presence of unique molecular state of ER induced by tamoxifen.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Mass spectrometric measurements of norepinephrine synthesis in man from infusion of stable isotope-labelled L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine.

The kinetics of stable isotope-labelled L-threo-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylserine(L-threo-DOPS), an immediate precursor of (-)-norepinephrine, was studied to investigate the pharmacologic mechanism of its therapeutic effect on orthostatic hypotension in familial amyloid polyneuropathy(FAP) and on akinesia and freezing in parkinsonism. [13C,D]-L-threo-DOPS was synthesized, and 100 mg of the compound was infused for 2 h into two normal subjects, two FAP patients and two patients with the degenerative diseases of the central nervous system. Labelled and endogenous norepinephrine in urine and plasma was assayed simultaneously by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The results indicate that the increase in norepinephrine in biological fluids after administration of L-threo-DOPS is attributable mostly to norepinephrine derived from L-threo-DOPS, not to pre-formed endogenous norepinephrine released by L-threo-DOPS.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1985

Induction of activated macrophages by intraperitoneal injection of mitomycin C in mice.

The host cellular response to IP injection of mitomycin C was studied in C3H/HeN mice. As assessed by in vitro cytolysis assay using 125I-iododeoxyuridine-labelled tumour target cells, mitomycin C-induced peritoneal macrophages showed the maximum tumouricidal activity 4 days after the IP injection. The tumouricidal activity was dependent on the dose of mitomycin C injected and it was detectable against syngeneic, allogeneic and xenogeneic tumour target cells. In addition, these tumouricidal macrophages were found to be augmented in functions of both incorporation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and phagocytosis of sheep red blood cells. Among the other anti-cancer drugs, which were used at a dose of three-fifths of LD50, only adriamycin (7.5 mg/kg) was capable of inducing activated macrophages as much as mitomycin C (3 mg/kg). Cyclophosphamide (225 mg/kg), methotrexate (60 mg/kg) and vincristine (1.5 mg/kg) were able to augment incorporation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and phagocytosis of sheep red blood cells, but not tumouricidal activity. Differential cytolysis assay was performed for two cell lines of P 388 tumour target cells, the mitomycin C-sensitive original cell line and the mitomycin C-resistant subline, demonstrating no significant difference in macrophage-mediated tumour cell lysis between these cell lines. Based on these results, it was concluded that mitomycin C, when injected IP induced activated macrophages in the peritoneal cavity. A better understanding of the effect of anti-cancer drugs on macrophage tumouricidal activity may be useful in designing more effective local chemotherapy for malignant peritoneal effusions.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Multiple estrogen binding sites in malignant mouse Leydig cells and their role in cell proliferation.

Incubation of dispersed cells derived from an estrogen-responsive mouse Leydig cell tumor with [3H]estradiol in the presence or absence of unlabeled estradiol showed the existence of two types of binding components with high (Kd approximately 10(-9) M) and low (Kd approximately 1.5 X 10(-8) M) affinity respectively. The use of unlabeled diethylstilbestrol as a competitor, however, abolished the low-affinity binder, resulting in the demonstration of the high binding site. This diethylstilbestrol-suppressible binding site was exclusively located in the nuclear fraction, even without hormonal stimuli. A long (5-hr) exposure of these cells to estrogen caused the decrease in the number of nuclear estrogen binding sites, which was similar to so-called 'processing' of putative nuclear estrogen receptor. The direct stimulative effect of estrogen on the proliferation of these cells was demonstrated by measuring cell numbers as well as thymidine incorporation into DNA in the cultured condition. These results would indicate that estrogen directly exerts its effects on this malignant Leydig cell through this unique nuclear binding site.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Immunohistochemical demonstration of substance P-containing nerve fibres in glomus tumours.

Substance P (SP), S-100 protein, methionine-enkephalin, serotonin and myelin basic protein were studied in two solitary glomus tumours of the skin by peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemistry. Multiple SP-containing nerve fibres were distributed in the parenchyma of the tumour among proliferating glomus cells, and in the oedematous stroma of the tumour. Positive staining for myelin basic protein was detected in nerve fascicles in the capsule of the tumour, but not within the glomus tumour. S-100 protein immunoreactivity was found in nerve fascicles in the capsule of the tumour, and in addition, a few cells positive for S-100 protein were scattered throughout the stroma of the tumour. No positive staining for methionine-enkephalin and serotonin was found. The present finding may explain the clinical experience that the tumour is tender and can cause severe paroxysmal pain, because SP is known to be a primary sensory afferent neurotransmitter for mediating nociception. A possible role of SP for vasodilation in the glomus tumour is also discussed.

Enkephalin, Methionine↗
PubMed1985

Treatment of orthostatic hypotension in Shy-Drager syndrome with DL-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine: a case report.

Orthostatic hypotension in a patient with Shy-Drager syndrome was treated for 6 months with oral DL-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine (DL-threo-DOPS). Adrenergic function was evaluated before and during treatment by measurements of changes in blood pressure and plasma norepinephrine on head-up tilting and by the response of blood pressure to the Valsalva maneuver and infused norepinephrine. After the patient received DL-threo-DOPS, the fall in his mean arterial blood pressure on head-up tilting was reduced and he had no syncope when standing. When peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor was combined with DL-threo-DOPS, the same beneficial effect on orthostatic hypotension was observed.

Autonomic Nervous System Diseases↗