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Biomedical subjects

S Kishimoto

Publications and source records attributed to S Kishimoto.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Taurine protection against experimental arterial calcinosis in mice.

Combined administration of vitamin D3 and nicotine produced severe myocardial and aortic calcinosis in mice within 4 days. Treatment of these mice with taurine increased the survival rate of the mice and reduced the elevation of calcium content in both aorta and myocardium as did diltiazem treatment. The present study suggests that taurine which is capable of regulating calcium flux may also prevent the progression of arteriosclerosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Mass spectrometric detection of the plasma prealbumin (transthyretin) variant associated with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy.

A plasma prealbumin variant with a methionine-for-valine substitution at position 30 is closely associated with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) type I. Secondary ion mass spectrometry of the tryptic digest of a carrier's prealbumin could easily detect an abnormal peptide containing the substitution besides the normal peptide. This is a sensitive and reliable method for the diagnosis of FAP.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Monoclonal anti-Fc epsilon receptor antibodies with different specificities and studies on the expression of Fc epsilon receptors on human B and T cells.

Three monoclonal antibodies, 1-7 (gamma 2b), 3-5 (gamma 1), and 8-30 (mu), specific to Fc epsilon receptors (Fc epsilon R) on human B cells were established. The two monoclonals (1-7 and 8-30) could inhibit the binding of IgE to Fc epsilon R in rosette formation assays, as well as FACS analysis, and were shown to recognize the same epitope of Fc epsilon R. The other monoclonal antibody (3-5) recognized the same molecule but a different epitope, and marginally inhibited the IgE binding. The molecules on RPMI 8866 cells recognized by these monoclonal antibodies had Mr of 46,000 and 25,000 to 30,000 daltons as determined by immunoprecipitation and SDS-PAGE analysis. By employing these monoclonal antibodies, the expression of Fc epsilon R on circulating lymphocytes was studied. Approximately 50% of B cells from normal, nonatopic individuals were found to express Fc epsilon R, and a remarkable increase in the expression of Fc epsilon R was observed in B cells of atopic patients. The expression of Fc epsilon R was not detected in T cells from atopic patients (including hyper IgE syndrome) as well as normal individuals. Incubation of B cells with PHA-conditioned medium plus IgE augmented the expression of Fc epsilon R in the Fc epsilon R+ B cell population but not in Fc epsilon R- population. PHA-conditioned medium plus IgE did not induce Fc epsilon R expression on T cells.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

Polypeptides coded for by the region pre-S and gene S of hepatitis B virus DNA with the receptor for polymerized human serum albumin: expression on hepatitis B particles produced in the HBeAg or anti-HBe phase of hepatitis B virus infection.

There are four polypeptides coded for by the region Pre-S and gene S on DNA of hepatitis B virus that carry the receptor for polymerized human serum albumin (poly-HSA), i.e., P31 and P39, as well as their glycosylated counterparts P35 and P43. With the use of monoclonal antibodies directed to Pre-S(1) sequence and Pre-S(2) sequence (bearing the receptor for poly-HSA), the content of these polypeptides, as well as their expression on the surface, was determined for hepatitis B particles of various categories. P39 and P43, carrying both Pre-S(1) and Pre-S(2) sequences, were contained abundantly in Dane and tubular particles, and to a much lesser extent in small spherical particles, all of which were purified from plasma containing hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). P31 and P35, carrying Pre-S(2) but not Pre-S(1) sequence, were contained comparably in these three categories of hepatitis B particles. In remarkable contrast, small spherical particles derived from plasma containing antibody to HBeAg were very low in the content of any Pre-S polypeptides. P31 and P39 showed higher activities for poly-HSA receptor than their glycosylated versions. When Dane particles were digested with trypsin, the poly-HSA receptor was deprived in parallel with the loss of antigenicity for Pre-S(2) sequence. The antigenicity for Pre-S(1) sequence was much less affected, and that for the product of gene S was virtually unchanged by the digestion.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Fecal bile acids and neutral sterols in rats with spontaneous colon cancer.

Fecal bile acids and neutral sterols of spontaneous colon cancer-bearing Wistar-Furth strain rats were examined and compared with those of control rats of the same strain by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The amount of total fecal bile acids and the percentage of fecal lithocholic acid were almost similar in both groups, but the percentage of fecal deoxycholic acid was significantly higher in the colon cancer group than in the controls. The amount of total fecal neutral sterols and the percentage of fecal coprostanol were also markedly higher in the colon cancer group than in the controls. The percentage of cholesterol and the amount of beta-sitosterol were, however, almost similar in the two groups. These results indicate that fecal deoxycholic acid and fecal coprostanol are notably higher in rats with colon cancer than in controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Class-switching from mu to gamma 3 or gamma 2b production at pre-B cell stage.

An Abelson virus-transformed murine pre-B cell line class-switched from mu to gamma 3 or gamma 2b at the pre-B stage during culture. A class-switch was mediated by the deletion mechanism of the intervening CH genes on the active chromosome. This study showed for the first time that class-switching at the pre-B cell stage was not always confined to gamma 2b production.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Immunologic and molecular characterizations of T cell-derived T cell activating factor.

Culture supernatants from several subclones of a human T hybrid line (24A) stimulated with PMA showed co-stimulatory activity in the proliferation of Con A-stimulated murine thymocytes, but did not show any IL 2 activity. Some subclones did not show co-stimulatory activity even when stimulated with PMA, excluding the possibility of a carry-over effect. The factor found in the culture supernatants increased IL 2 production in normal T cells stimulated with a suboptimal concentration of PHA. The factor also induced IL 2 production in a T hybrid clone, T-394.1, when the latter was stimulated with a suboptimal concentration of mitogens, indicating a direct effect by this T cell-derived factor on mitogen-stimulated T cells inducing IL 2 production. This factor also induced the generation of other lymphokines such as BCDF and IFN-gamma. Northern blot analysis showed that the factor induced an increase in mRNA for IL 2 as well as IL 2 receptor. These results indicated that T cells could secrete a factor with IL 1-like activity. However, Northern blot analysis showed that mRNA from a T hybrid clone does not cross-react with cDNA for IL 1 (beta) derived from human monocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Alteration of the T cell self-specificity repertoire by treatment with anti-Ia antibody during embryonic life.

The effect of anti-Ia antibody on the development of murine neonatal self-Ia-reactive T lymphocytes in the thymus was studied. A C57BL/6 (B6) mouse pregnant with (B6 X C3H/He)F1 (B6C3F1) embryos was injected with monoclonal anti-I-Ek (m alpha I-Ek) antibody every other day starting from the 12th day of gestation. The mixed leukocyte culture reaction (MLR) responses of thymocytes from m alpha I-Ek-treated neonatal mice were assayed against adult B6 (H-2b), C3H/H3 (H-2k) or BALB/c (H-2d) splenic stimulator cells. The syngeneic MLR response of m alpha I-Ek-treated B6C3F1 neonatal thymocytes against C3H stimulator cells was augmented compared to that of untreated neonatal thymocytes. Experiments utilizing recombinant inbred strains of mice as well as monoclonal anti-Ia antibody blocking experiments suggested that the antigen(s) responsible for this augmentation of syngeneic MLR resided in the I-Ek molecule. The MLR response against B6 or BALB/c stimulator cells was not influenced by m alpha I-Ek treatment. We speculate that m alpha I-Ek antibody blocked the expression of I-Ek molecules in B6C3F1 embryos and this resulted in the alteration of T cell self-specificity repertoire in the thymus. Our results support the concept that Ia molecules play important roles for the elimination of self-reactive T lymphocyte clones in the thymus.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Mechanism(s) of in vitro macrophage activation with Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton: the effects on macrophage activating factor production by lymphocytes.

BALB/c mouse peritoneal macrophages prepared from WPC which had been treated with N. CWS demonstrated potent cytostatic activity against syngeneic Meth A fibrosarcoma cells. The maximum cytostatic activity developed in the macrophages when WPC were incubated with 25 micrograms/ml N. CWS for 3 days. NAPC from BALB/c mice given an i.p. injection with 100 micrograms N. CWS 7 days previously (N. CWS-NAPC) or supernatants from N. CWS-NAPC also activated peritoneal macrophages in vitro. However, when peritoneal macrophages were incubated with N. CWS in the absence of NAPC, or when T cells were depleted from WPC by treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 antibody and complement, N. CWS failed to enhance the cytostatic activity of the macrophages. Furthermore, thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages from C3H/HeN mice increased their cytolytic properties by incubation with supernatant fluids from N. CWS-treated spleen cells. These findings suggest that in vitro macrophage activation with N. CWS depends on MAF secreted from T lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Beneficial effect of taurine in rabbits with chronic congestive heart failure.

To examine the effect of daily treatment with taurine on improving the status of congestive heart failure (CHF), we used rabbits with artificially induced aortic regurgitation. Ten rabbits were treated daily with taurine (100 mg/kg by mouth) and eight with guanidinoethyl sulfonate (GES) (100 mg/kg by mouth) immediately after induction of aortic regurgitation. The cumulative mortality rate at 8 weeks in the taurine-treated CHF group was 10% (1 of 10) compared with 53% (16 of 30) in the nontreated CHF group and 75% (6 of 8) in the GES-treated CHF group (p less than 0.05). Although cardiac function (max dP/dt) in CHF rabbits was significantly decreased (p less than 0.001), taurine-treated CHF rabbits maintained the same values as control rabbits. Taurine content of the left ventricular tissue of the CHF rabbits was significantly increased (p less than 0.01). Administration of taurine and GES to control rabbits for 8 weeks affected neither the hemodynamics nor the taurine content of the heart. It was concluded that taurine slowed the rapid progression of heart failure and consequently prolonged life expectancy.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Isolation of 2-hydroxycarboxylic acids with a boronate affinity gel.

Boric acid has been known to make a complex with 2-hydroxycarboxylic acids. Based on this principle, we have developed a new method for isolation of vanillylmandelic acid, p-hydroxymandelic acid, vanillyllactic acid, and p-hydroxyphenyllactic acid in urine. The technique involves two steps: extraction of lipophilic compounds from urine with n-butanol and selective isolation of 2-hydroxy acids in the n-butanol phase on a phenylboronate gel column. 2-Hydroxy acids were eluted from the column with 1.5 ml of 2% acetyl chloride in methanol with the recoveries of ca. 70%. According to analysis of urinary extract by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry, the mean excretion rates of the above four compounds in 12 healthy subjects were 3.68, 1.93, 0.091, and 1.08 mg/day, respectively.

Boronic Acids↗
PubMed1986

Large hepatitis B surface antigen polypeptides of Dane particles with the receptor for polymerized human serum albumin.

Large hepatitis B surface antigen polypeptides with apparent molecular sizes of 39,000 and 43,000 daltons (P39 and P43) were liberated from a purified preparation of Dane particles of subtype adr. They were tested for reactivity with monoclonal antibodies raised against three synthetic oligopeptides representing fundamental sequences of the pre-S region in deoxyribonucleic acid of hepatitis B virus (subtype adr), as well as with monoclonal antibody against the major surface antigen polypeptide (P22) coded for by the S gene. Both P39 and its glycosylated form P43 bound to all four monoclonal antibodies, thereby indicating that they were coded for by the sequence of 1200 nucleotides, from the second ATG codon in the pre-S region to the stop codon of the S gene. Both P39 and P43 bound to polymerized human and chimpanzee albumins, but not to polymerized albumin from species without susceptibility to hepatitis B virus. Due to their presence in Dane particles and the expression of a polyalbumin receptor, the immune responses against P39 and P43 may have significance in infection with hepatitis B virus and its immunoprophylaxis.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

Biochemical and immunological characterization of estrogen binding components in human neoplastic adrenocortical tissues.

The estrogen binding components in human adrenocortical tissues were examined. Two adrenocortical cancer cytosols were found to contain the binder with a relative low affinity (Kd 5 X 10(-9) M) for estradiol. The association of [3H]estradiol to these cytosols was inhibited by a large dose of unlabeled estrone, estradiol or estriol, but neither by diethylstilbestrol nor by dihydrotestosterone. Incubation of cultured cells derived from these cancers with [3H]estradiol also showed the presence of this low-affinity estradiol binder. The addition of bovine serum albumin into these cytosols surprisingly resulted in a marked increase in estradiol binding capacity in a concentration-dependent manner. This component sedimented at 5 S in the low salt sucrose density gradient. This binding ability was found to be heat-labile in the absence of estradiol, but preformation of complexes with estradiol markedly stabilized its binding ability against thermal inactivation. In addition, experiments using monoclonal antibodies to human estrogen receptor revealed that the estrogen binder from one adrenocortical cancer cytosol shared antigenic determinants with human estrogen receptor. These results suggest that the unique estrogen binder in some adrenocortical cancer has the characteristics similar to estrogen receptors in terms of thermal stability and immunological cross-reactivity to antibodies.

Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

Augmented production of colony-stimulating factor in C3H/HeN mice immunized with Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton.

C3H/HeN mice subcutaneously injected repeatedly with Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (N-CWS) acquired cellular immunity against N-CWS. In these N-CWS-immunized mice, the serum colony-stimulating factor (CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units in the bone marrow remarkably increased after an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of N-CWS compared with those in normal control mice given an single i.p. injection. To analyze the effects of secondary immune response to N-CWS on CSF production by splenocytes, whole mononuclear leukocytes (WMNL), nylon fiber-nonadherent splenocytes (NADC), and plastic-adherent splenocytes (ADC) were cultured in the presence of N-CWS, and then the supernatants of each cell fraction were assayed for CSF. A fraction of WMNL from immunized mice was found to produce more CSF than WMNL from control mice, and either fraction of NADC or ADC separated from WMNL produced markedly less potent CSF when cultured separately. However, when NADC from immunized mice were cultured with ADC from either immunized or normal mice, CSF production recovered to the level shown by WMNL. The role of ADC could be substituted for by cell-free culture medium of either ADC plus N-CWS or the J774 cell line, in which high interleukin-1 activity was detected. A surface marker study showed that depletion of either Lyt-1.1+ or Lyt-2.1+ cells caused a striking loss of CSF production. These data suggested that CSF in the sera of immunized mice challenged with an N-CWS i.p. injection is mainly produced by N-CWS-sensitized T lymphocytes with help of a macrophage-derived humoral factor(s).

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1986

Effects of taurine on the electrical and mechanical activities of embryonic chick heart.

The effect of taurine (2-aminoethanesulphonic acid) on myocardial slow action potentials (APs) and accompanying contractions was examined in isolated perfused chick hearts and reaggregated cultured cells. Isoproterenol (ISO), histamine (HIS), or tetraethylammonium (TEA) induced slow APs and contractions in hearts whose fast Na+ channels had been inactivated by elevated K+. Taurine (10 mM) not only failed to induce slow APs, but actually decreased ISO (10(-8) M), HIS (10(-4) M), or TEA (10 mM) induced slow APs and contractions transiently (about 30s-2 min after the addition of taurine). The properties of the slow APs recovered to control levels by 7-13 min after the addition of the taurine; at this time, there was an increase in developed tension of the contraction accompanying the slow APs. These results suggest that the positive inotropic action of taurine is not mediated through an increase in the slow inward Ca2+ current. However, the transient depression of Ca2+-dependent slow APs by taurine probably explains the transient negative inotropic effect of taurine.

Action Potentials↗