Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Kaushik

Publications and source records attributed to S Kaushik.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Extrarenal Wilms' tumor.

A rare case of retroperitoneal extrarenal Wilms' tumor with an unusual presentation is reported. The tumor contained a large cystic component and mimicked ascites clinically.

Ascites↗
PubMed1989

Efficacy of lignocaine in the suppression of the intra-ocular pressure response to suxamethonium and tracheal intubation.

The effect of lignocaine pretreatment on the intra-ocular pressure response to suxamethonium and tracheal intubation was studied in 80 adult patients, divided randomly into four groups of 20 each. These groups received respectively normal saline (10 ml), lignocaine 1 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg as pretreatment, in a double blind manner, one minute before anaesthetic induction with thiopentone and suxamethonium 1.5 mg/kg. Lignocaine pretreatment caused a significant decrease in intra-ocular pressure. Suxamethonium caused a significant increase, but lignocaine pretreatment in doses of 1.5 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg effectively kept the postsuxamethonium pressure below control values. Tracheal intubation further aggravated the postsuxamethonium increase in intra-ocular pressure. Lignocaine, in doses of 1.5 mg/g and 2 mg/kg also effectively kept the postintubation pressure values below control levels. Lignocaine, in dose of 1 mg/kg, only partially attenuated the postsuxamethonium and postintubation increase in intra-ocular pressure. In conclusion, lignocaine pretreatment, in a dose of 1.5 mg/kg, offers protection against suxamethonium- and tracheal-intubation initiated increases in intra-ocular pressure, without causing any significant decrease in arterial pressure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Giant hamartoma of liver mimicking malignancy.

Two infants with mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver are reported. This lesion clinically simulates a malignant neoplasm very closely and awareness is essential to avoid unnecessary major hepatic resections. The cases were successfully treated with simple enucleation.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1988

Tongue hemangiomas.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1984

Pancreatic abscess: a review of seventeen cases.

Seventeen patients out of a total of 190 cases of acute pancreatitis, over a period of 12 years, developed the rare but serious complication of pancreatic abscess. Presence of toxaemia, fever, tachycardia and a tender epigastric mass suggested the possibility of abscess formation. Significant hyperamylasaemia was present in 2 patients only. Barium enema examination showed colonic changes due to direct involvement in 3 patients. Pre-operative management included complete rest to the gastrointestinal tract, correction of fluid and electrolyte imbalance, monitoring of vital signs and other parameters and antibiotic cover with penicillin in combination with broad spectrum antibiotic. In recent years Metronidazole was added in 7 patients, and this resulted in significant improvement of results. Surgical drainage was performed in all cases. The postoperative course was stormy and a significant number of patients developed both local as well as systemic complications with multiorgan failure. Residual/recurrent abscess was seen in one case only. Ten patients died in the immediate postoperative period. The survival rate was 41 per cent.

Abscess↗
PubMed1984

Use of alcuronium in patients undergoing renal transplantation.

Alcuronium 0.16 mg kg-1 was used to provide neuromuscular blockade in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing renal transplantation. Relaxation was found to be adequate for intubation and surgery. There were minimal alterations to cardiovascular variables. The dose required was small, and complete reversal occurred with neostigmine. Although the number of patients is small, the drug may be of value as an alternative to tubocurarine or pancuronium in such patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neonatal morbidity in a hospital at Shimla.

During the study period there were 2063 live births. Of these 573 (27.8%) were low birth weight (LBW), 277 (13.4%) preterm and 148 (7.1%) small for date (SFD) babies. In all, 263 (12.7%) newborns suffered from one or the other morbidity. Birth asphyxia of varying severity developed in 130 (6.3%) babies [88 LBW and 42 normal birth weight (NBW) (p < 0.001)]. Respiratory distress syndrome was diagnosed in 82 (3.9%) babies, most being due to hyaline membrane diseases (31.7%), which affected 26 (9.4%) of preterm babies. Deep infections were seen in 109 (5.3%) newborns [60 LBW and 49 NBW, (p < 0.001)] and superficial infections were seen in 79 (3.8%) babies [46 LBW and 33 NBW, (p < 0.001)]. Hyperbilirubinemia was detected in 78 (3.8%) babies. In one fifth of the babies, the cause of hyperbilirubinemia remained unidentified even after detailed investigations. Hypothermia was observed in 59 (2.9%) newborns [48 LBW and 11 NBW, (p < 0.001] and congenital malformations were seen in 24 (1.7%) babies. Morbidity was found to be high amongst LBW and preterm babies. The incidence of deep infections and hypothermia was high in our study.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relation between dietary lipid level and voluntary feed intake, growth, nutrient gain, lipid deposition and hepatic lipogenesis in rainbow trout.

Four diets with differing lipid contents (15, 20, 25 or 30% DM) were tested on small (initial body weight: 27 g) and larger (IBW: 93 g) rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed on demand or by hand, respectively. In both trials, voluntary feed intake was inversely related to dietary lipid levels. Protein efficiency increased when dietary fat content increased. Final whole-body lipid content was positively related to dietary lipid levels. The main sites of lipid storage were visceral adipose tissue and to a lesser extent muscle. Increased fat deposition in the visceral cavity of young trout was due to both hyperplasic and hypertrophic responses and in larger trout mostly due to a hypertrophic response. Liver activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and fatty acid synthetase were negatively correlated with fat intake and positively with starch intake, whereas malic enzyme was little affected by dietary treatments.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neuroprotection in glaucoma.

Currently, glaucoma is recognised as an optic neuropathy. Selective death of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) is the hallmark of glaucoma, which is also associated with structural changes in the optic nerve head. The process of RGC death is thought to be biphasic: a primary injury responsible for initiation of damage that is followed by a slower secondary degeneration related to noxious environment surrounding the degenerating cells. For example, retinal ishaemia may establish a cascade of changes that ultimately result in cell death: hypoxia leads to excitotoxic levels of glutamate, which cause a rise in intra-cellular calcium, which in turn, leads to neuronal death due to apoptosis or necrosis. Neuroprotection is a process that attempts to preserve the cells that were spared during the initial insult, but are still vulnerable to damage. Although not yet available, a neuroprotective agent would be of great use in arresting the progression of glaucoma. There is evidence that neuroprotection can be achieved both pharmacologically and immunologically. Pharmacological intervention aims at neutralising some of the effects of the nerve-derived toxic factors, thereby increasing the ability of the spared neurons to cope with stressful conditions. On the other hand, immunological interventions boost the body's own repair mechanisms for counteracting the toxic effects of various chemicals generated during the cascade. This review, based on a literature search using MEDLINE, focuses on diverse cellular events associated with glaucomatous neurodegeneration, and discusses some pharmacological agents believed to have a neuroprotective role in glaucoma.

Apoptosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of ventilatory minute volumes for normocapnic ventilation under anaesthesia in healthy adults.

BACKGROUND: Mechanical ventilation under anaesthesia needs to be controlled to maintain normal oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions in the blood and to economize on fresh gas flows. Various ventilation nomograms such as Radford's nomogram and Nunn's CO2 predictor are based on data from studies, some of which do not mimic the conditions which prevail under anaesthesia. We, therefore, planned a study to formulate nomograms for normocapnic ventilation for anaesthetized adult subjects. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty-three patients with normal pulmonary function tests, scheduled for elective non-thoracic surgery were studied. Subjects were ventilated with a Siemens Servo 900 B ventilator using CO2 analyser 930 (Siemens-Elema Sweden) to adjust the minute volume sufficient to maintain end-tidal carbon dioxide fraction (FE,CO2) at around 5.5 normocapnia (PaCO2 5.06-5.6 kPa). This was confirmed with arterial blood gas analysis. RESULTS: The mean (SD) ventilation required for male patients was 6.123 (0.91) L [105 (13.1) ml/kg]. This was significantly higher than the requirement for female patients [5.262 (0.82) L; 98.7 (13.3) ml/kg]. The minute volume requirements showed a significant correlation with weight (W), height (H), body surface area, body mass index and other combinations of weight and height such as W x H, W/H, W2, W3 and H/W1/3. Nomograms were constructed for different weights and heights of males and females using multiple regression analysis. These minute volumes were found to be significantly higher than those calculated according to Radford's nomogram as well as Nunn's CO2 predictor and significantly lower than the Adelaide ventilation guide. CONCLUSION: The differences obtained in our nomograms are probably because the earlier ones were based on minute carbon dioxide production and physiological dead space data obtained from widely differing studies, some of which did not resemble conditions prevailing under anaesthesia. None of these used strict inclusion criteria such as pulmonary function tests. These may also be due to a difference in body structure between the subjects studied. Therefore, minute volume requirements calculated based on available western nomograms should not be applied to Indian subjects for normocapnic ventilation under anaesthesia.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cyclodialysis cleft diagnosed by conventional ultrasonography.

This case report describes the diagnosis and management of a traumatic cyclodialysis cleft, in the absence of newer investigating modalities like ultrasonic biomicroscopy (UBM). This entity is frequently difficult to recognize clinically owing to the extreme hypotony and media haze that these patients usually present with, which makes gonioscopy particularly taxing. Adding to the diagnostic dilemma is the difficulty in delineating the lesion ultrasonically due to the extreme anterior location of the cleft. In these situations, high frequency ultrasound has been found to be extremely helpful, but the availability of such sophistication is difficult. Presented here is demonstration of the cleft with a microconvex ultrasound probe of 9 MHz frequency. The patient was successfully managed conservatively. This modality could prove to be a valuable adjunct to the diagnosis of such cases even in the situations of nonavailability of high frequency ultrasonography.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Traumatic lens abscess with chornic endophthalmitis successfully treated with pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy.

Intralenticular abscess is a rare entity and has been infrequently reported after surgery, metastatic infection, or trauma. We report a case of post traumatic lens abscess with low-grade endophthalmitis following a penetrating eye injury with a splinter of wood. The patient was successfully treated with a pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy. Despite thorough microbiological investigations, no causative organism could be isolated.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neodymium:YAG capsulotomy rates following phacoemulsification with implantation of PMMA, silicone, and acrylic intraocular lenses.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the most common visually disabling sequela of modern cataract surgery. Methods of reducing its incidence include the development of newer surgical techniques and intraocular lens (IOL) materials and designs. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence and time interval of development of PCO, and the requirement of laser capsulotomy in patients implanted with a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), silicone, or acrylic IOL. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The data of 340 consecutive patients who underwent phacoemulsification and implantation ofa PMMA, silicone, or acrylic intraocular lens were analyzed. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence and time interval of development of PCO, and the requirement of laser capsulotomy in patients implanted with a PMMA, silicone, or acrylic IOL. RESULTS: The incidence of PCO was found to be significantly less in the acrylic group (6.5% as compared to 21.74% and 26.6% in the PMMA and silicone groups, respectively; P = 0.01297 and 0.0039). Most patients (65%) exhibiting PCO in the PMMA group developed it within the first six months. In the silicone group, development of PCO was delayed. In 60% of patients, it appeared 18 months after surgery. Neodymium:YAG capsulotomy was required in 45% and 60% of patients developing PCO in the PMMA and silicone groups, respectively, while it was required in only 1 of the 4 patients developing PCO in the acrylic group. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that implantation of an acrylic IOL helps reduce the incidence of PCO as well as the need for Nd:YAG capsulotomy. PMMA IOLs require Nd:YAG capsulotomy earlier in the postoperative period as compared to silicone IOLs.

Acrylic Resins↗