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Biomedical subjects

S Kaushik

Publications and source records attributed to S Kaushik.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Effect of antihypertensives on plasma potassium in end stage renal disease: a retrospective study.

The antihypertensive drug therapy and the peri-operative plasma potassium trend in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing renal transplant were analysed. Out of consecutive 107 live related donor renal transplant, complete data available for 74 patients between June 1991 and March 1993, were entered in proforma and analysed. On the basis of antihypertensive or no antihypertensive drugs prescribed, patients were grouped in 6 categories. Group I patients taking no antihypertensives were taken as control. All patients were comparable for their age, sex, weight, immunosuppressive therapy, anaesthetic and fluid management during surgery. At the time of induction of anaesthesia, patients taking atenolol (plasma K+ levels being 5.34 +/- 0.75 mmol/l in group II and 5.44 +/- 0.63 mmol/l in group III) or captopril (serum K+ level being 5.05 +/- 0.94 mmol/l in group V) in combination with nifedipine and with or without clonidine had significant hyperkalaemia than the patient without antihypertensives (serum K+ level being 4.49 +/- 0.71 mmol/l). Patients, on these two antihypertensives, frequently needed active treatment of alarming hyperkalaemia (blood K+ more than 5 mmol/l and tall 'T' wave in lead II) and cardiac arrhythmias. In conclusion, ESRD patients taking atenolol or captopril are needed to be frequently monitored for blood potassium levels and it would be advisable to avoid these drugs to control hypertension in ESRD patients, especially, when scheduled for renal transplantation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Case report: acanthosis nigricans in association with primary biliary cirrhosis: resolution after liver transplantation.

A case is described of a 58 year old Caucasian male with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) who first presented with acanthosis nigricans of both axillae, skin pigmentation, which was pronounced over the posterior surface of the neck, and generalized pruritus. Following orthotopic liver transplantation for progressive liver disease, the skin pigmentation, pruritus and acanthosis nigricans resolved. It is believed that this is the first reported case of acanthosis nigricans occurring in association with PBC, a phenomenon that resolved after liver transplantation.

Acanthosis Nigricans↗
PubMed1996

Growth hormone as a function of age and dietary protein: energy ratio in a marine teleost, the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata).

We examined in a factorial design the effect of dietary protein (45%, 52% and 60%) and lipids (8%, 12%, 17%) on growth performance and circulating growth hormone (GH) levels of fingerling sea bream (5-month-old) fed to satiation with self-feeders. Daily weight gain (2.6-2.9%) and feed gain ratio (1.1-1.3) of fish fed high protein-low lipid diets were comparable to those found in fast growing strains of rainbow trout. However, increasing hyperphagia in association with the decrease of daily weight gain and feed conversion efficiency were found with the decrease of dietary protein:energy ratio. This growth impairment was linked to increased concentrations of circulating GH, which would exacerbate glucose and lipid intolerance. We consider the elevated concentration of circulating GH to be a risk factor leading to some state of metabolic starvation, in which feeding behavior and feed conversion efficiency are largely altered. From our results, it can be also concluded that circulating and pituitary GH availability decreases progressively from 1- to 3-year-old fish. This blunted GH synthesis and release is discussed in relation to age decrease in the optimum dietary protein:energy ratio.

Aging↗
PubMed1996

[Problems and outlook for animal production in the aquatic environment].

The major source of aquatic animal production is based on fisheries. Currently, a significant portion of the fishery resources is used for non-food purposes. One of the first steps towards rational exploitation of the natural fishery resources should be to limit such abuse and address the needs of an increasing global population. The challenge for the fishery industry is to develop methods for early and reliable prediction of stock availability and fluctuations in order to maintain a sustainable supply. With the continuing decline in fishery resources, aquaculture is slowly becoming an interesting alternative for the supply of animal protein of high nutritional value. Aquaculture, like any other human activity can have adverse effects on the environment. In this context, the semi-intensive farming systems prevailing in the tropical areas should be encouraged, substantiating them with scientific knowledge on the nutrient flow in such confined ecosystems. In some instances of intensive culture systems, progress has been made in aquaculture waste management by applying adequate nutritional strategies. Such an approach should be extended to other cultured species. Be it production for profit or production for food, sustainable aquatic animal production is intimately connected with all human activities, in as much as all these activities invariably have an effect on water quality. Hence, greater consideration is needed towards a general strategy of protecting the aquatic ecosystem at all levels.

Aquaculture↗
PubMed1995

Thermal acclimation and dietary lipids alter the composition, but not fluidity, of trout sperm plasma membrane.

The effect of a long-term adaptation of rainbow trout to 8 and 18 degrees C combined with a corn oil- or a fish oil-supplemented diet on the characteristics of the spermatozoan plasma membrane was investigated. The experiment lasted up to 22 mon during which spermatozoa were collected from the mature males. Spermatozoan plasma membranes were isolated by nitrogen cavitation, and the cholesterol content, phospholipid composition and fatty acid pattern were investigated. Membrane viscosity was assessed on whole cells by electron spin resonance using spin-labeled phospholipids. Neither diet nor rearing temperature influenced the cholesterol content of the plasma membrane nor the phospholipid class distribution. The rearing temperature of the broodstock only slightly affected the phospholipid fatty acids. A minor decrease in 18:0 and increase in monounsaturated fatty acids was observed for the cold-adapted fish. These modifications were not sufficient to affect membrane fluidity, and we conclude that trout spermatozoa do not display any homeoviscous adaptations in these conditions. On the contrary, the dietary fatty acid intake greatly modified the fatty acid profile of plasma membrane phospholipids. The fish oil-fed trout displayed a much higher n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratio than did the corn oil-fed ones, but the 22:6n-3 levels remained unchanged. Modifications in plasma membrane composition by the diet were obtained although neither of the two diets was deficient in essential fatty acids. The enrichment in n-3 fatty acids, however, did not affect plasma membrane fluidity which was unchanged by the diets.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1994

Posterior fossa surgery in postshunt endocarditis patients: some anesthetic issues.

A patient with an intracranial fourth ventricular cyst developed right heart endocarditis from an infected ventriculoatrial shunt inserted previously. Investigation revealed pneumonic involvement of the right lung, moderate tricuspid regurgitation, mild pulmonary artery hypertension, and a large right atrial vegetation. The shunt was removed and treatment of endocarditis started, before undertaking excision of the cyst under general anesthesia. During the operation there was a sudden deterioration in the patient's condition rapidly leading to death. Clinical features suggested intraoperative pulmonary embolism; both venous air embolism and a dislodged atrial vegetation were considered. However, in the absence of specific monitoring equipment and autopsy, the actual cause could not be ascertained. This clinical report highlights the anesthetic problems related to posterior fossa surgery in patients with right-sided endocarditis and suggests some possible management strategies.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Rectal nifedipine for the management of intraoperative hypertension.

The effect of rectal administration of nifedipine for the management of intraoperative hypertension was studied in 12 adult neurosurgical patients, physical status II and III. A rise in mean arterial pressure (MAP) of > 20 mm Hg over the preoperative value was taken as the point at which rectal nifedipine (150 micrograms kg-1) was administered. Onset of action of nifedipine was observed in 4.5 +/- 1.5 min (mean +/- SD) with a peak effect at 30.8 +/- 10.7 min. MAP decreased from 124 +/- 4.5 mm Hg to 97 +/- 2.4 mm Hg. Heart rate and central venous pressure were unchanged. Endoscopic examination of the rectal mucosa 48 h after administration of nifedipine did not show any abnormality. Rectal nifedipine was found to be effective and safe for the management of intraoperative increases in arterial blood pressure as well as being convenient to administer to patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures.

Administration, Rectal↗
PubMed1992

Dietary arginine requirement of young rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

1. Two growth trials were conducted with young rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to determine the dietary arginine requirement under conditions of rapid weight gain at 15 degrees C. 2. The growth requirement does not exceed 4.2 g arginine/16 g dietary nitrogen and, thus, is much lower than the value of 6.0 g arginine/16 g dietary nitrogen presently listed by the NRC for Chinook salmon and widely applied to all Salmonids. 3. Comparison of the present results with the arginine requirement of the chick reveals remarkable similarity despite the phylogenetic distance between the two species, and demonstrates the need to re-evaluate, as anomalously high, the presently-accepted value for Chinook salmon.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1991

Fibrinolysis in idiopathic menorrhagia.

Serum fibrin/fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) was studied in 64 patients of menorrhagia without any organic cause in addition to 24 healthy women by Thrombo - Wellcotest HA - 13 Kit (Wellcome, England). Serum FDP levels were found to be less than 10 micrograms/ml in healthy subjects, whereas in idiopathic menorrhagia it was more than 10 micrograms/ml in 59.34% patients. Semi-quantitative estimation of FDP in 14 patients of idiopathic menorrhagia indicated a positive correlation between duration of bleeding and FDP levels. Bleeding appears to be due to increased fibrinolytic activity in uterus secondary to plasminogen activator. Such patients are likely to be benefitted with anti-fibrinolytic agents.

Female↗