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Biomedical subjects

S Kaul

Publications and source records attributed to S Kaul.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Beneficial effects of L-methionine in choline deficient diets of Oryzaephilus mercator (Fauvel) (Coleoptera).

Choline is an indispensable vitamin for Oryzaephilus mercator as its ommission in the diet results in slow growth and poor survival. These deficiency symptoms can be overcome by adding L-methionine to the choline-deficient diet. L-methionine however can improve the efficiency of the diet only up to a certain concentration beyond which no beneficial effects are recorded.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Targeted ultrasound contrast agent for molecular imaging of inflammation in high-shear flow.

Targeted ultrasound contrast materials (gas-filled microbubbles carrying ligands to endothelial selectins or integrins) have been investigated as potential molecular imaging agents. Such microbubbles normally exhibit good targeting capability at the slower flow conditions. However, in the conditions of vigorous flow, binding may be limited. Here, we describe a microbubble capable of efficient binding to targets both in slow and fast flow (exceeding 4 dyne/cm(2) wall shear stress) using a clustered polymeric form of the fast-binding selectin ligand sialyl Lewis(X). Microbubbles were prepared from decafluorobutane gas and stabilized with a monolayer of phosphatidylcholine, PEG stearate and biotin-PEG-lipid. Biotinylated PSLe(x) (sialyl Lewis(X) polyacrylamide) or biotinylated anti-P-selectin antibody (RB40.34) was attached to microbubbles via a streptavidin bridge. In a parallel plate flow chamber targeted adhesion model, PSLe(x) bubbles demonstrated specific adhesion, retention and slow rolling on P-selectin-coated plates. Efficiency of firm targeted adhesion to a P-selectin surface (140 molecules/microm(2)) was comparable for antibody-carrying bubbles and PSLe(x)-targeted bubbles at 0.68 dyne/cm(2) shear stress. At fast flow (4.45 dyne/cm(2)), PSLe(x)-targeted bubbles maintained their ability to bind, while antibody-mediated targeting dropped more than 20-fold. At lower surface density of P-selectin (7 molecules/microm(2)), targeting via PSLe(x) was more efficient than via antibody under all the flow conditions tested. Negative control casein-coated plates did not retain bubbles in the range of flow conditions studied. To confirm echogenicity, targeted PSLe(x)-bubbles were visualized on P-selectin-coated polystyrene plates by ultrasound imaging with a clinical scanner operated in pulse inversion mode; control plates lacking targeted bubbles did not show significant acoustic backscatter. In vivo, in a murine model of inflammation in the femoral vein setting, targeting efficacy of intravenously administered PSLe(x)-microbubbles was comparable with targeting mediated by anti-P-selectin antibody, and significantly exceeded the accumulation of non-targeted control bubbles. In the inflamed femoral artery setting, PSLe(x)-mediated microbubble targeting was superior to antibody-mediated targeting.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phaeohyphomycosis of the paranasal sinuses masquerading as a neoplasm: a case report.

A case of fungal infection of the paranasal sinuses simulating a neoplasm is reported. Fonsecaea pedrosoi, a dematiacious fungus, which has not been previously reported, was responsible for this unusual infection. Fungal infection may mimic malignant lesions of the paranasal sinuses; however, coexisting malignancy must be ruled out.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacokinetics of a nootropic agent, BMY-21502, and its metabolites in beagle dogs.

A preliminary investigation into the pharmacokinetics of BMY-21502, a nootropic agent, and two of its metabolites, BMY-42191 and BMY-40440, was performed in 4 beagle dogs. Following oral dosing of a solution of BMY-21502 (0.61 mmoles), plasma samples were obtained for 24 h and analyzed for the three analytes by a validated HPLC assay. BMY-21502 was rapidly absorbed (Tmax = 0.5 +/- 0.3 h), followed by a rapid decline of the plasma levels (T1/2 = 0.95 +/- 0.1 h). The hydroxy metabolite, BMY-42191, was rapidly formed and the peak concentrations in plasma were obtained by 2.88 +/- 0.2 h. On the contrary, there was a considerable delay in the peaking of the ketone metabolite, BMY-40440 (Tmax = 6 h). The T1/2 values for BMY-40440 (5.58 +/- 0.5 h) were longer than those for BMY-42191 (4.28 +/- 1.2 h). Comparison of AUC values for BMY-42191 (326.43 +/- 63.3 h x microM) with those of BMY-40440 (67.52 +/- 8.4 h x microM) or BMY-21502 (69.35 +/- 7.3 h x microM) indicated that BMY-42191 was the major circulating species in dog plasma. In conclusion, the preliminary data indicate that the metabolism of BMY-21502 is complex and may encompass hydroxy-ketone metabolic interconversions, as reported for other xenobiotics.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of obesity on sulfonamide disposition in Zucker rats.

The genetically obese Zucker rat was used as a model of obesity and compared to its lean littermate to assess and quantify obesity-altered changes in the in vivo disposition of six sulfonamides. Body composition determination indicated that the obese rats were twice the weight of lean rats and a distinct trend towards an increase in fat free mass and total body water was observed. The sulfonamide blood concentration was measured by colorimetry after a 7 mg/kg intravenous dose. All sulfonamides exhibited a biexponential decline of blood concentration with time. The volume of distribution and clearance of sulfanilamide in lean and obese rats were similar resulting in similar elimination half-lives. A decrease in clearance coupled with a trend towards an increase in volume of distribution prolonged the elimination half-life of sulfadiazine in obese rats. For sulfapyridine, sulfamerazine, sulfisomidine and sulfisoxazole, increases in the volumes of distribution and clearances resulted in similar elimination half-lives in lean and obese rats. The free fractions of the sulfonamides were significantly increased in the serum of obese rats, the influence of which on the volume of distribution and clearance is discussed.

Animals↗