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Biomedical subjects

S Kato

Publications and source records attributed to S Kato.

At least 1,279 records · Page 71Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Effect of short-chain fatty acids on pancreatic exocrine secretion in calves aged 2 weeks and 13 weeks.

Effects of short-chain fatty acids on pancreatic exocrine secretion were studied under anesthesia in calves within 2 weeks of age (2-wks calves) given only whole milk and milk replacement and in which rumen fermentation has not begun yet, and in calves at 13 weeks of age (13-wks calves) weaned at 40 days of age and in which rumen fermentation has already begun. Basal rate of juice flow and protein concentration and amylase activity in pancreatic juice under basal condition were significantly lower in the 2-wks calves than those in the 13-wks calves. Intravenous administrations of acetate, propionate and butyrate stimulated pancreatic juice secretion and protein and amylase output in both groups of calves. Those responses were increased with increasing carbon number in the molecule of fatty acids. Although the response of amylase output (/kg of body weight) in the 2-wks calves was significantly less than that in the 13-wks calves, the response of juice flow and protein output (/kg of body weight) in the 2-wks calves were equivalent to or greater than those in the 13-wks calves. These results indicate that the characteristic of pancreas, being stimulated by short-chain fatty acids, in calves and probably in other ruminants is not generated on the process of postnatal development, but has been already acquired before rumen fermentation begins.

Acetates↗
PubMed1989

Almitrine bismesylate reduces hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in isolated rat lungs.

The purpose of this study is to test how almitrine bismesylate (Alm) affects the function of pulmonary vasculature during normoxic ventilation, and whether low doses of Alm not causing detectable vasoconstriction during normoxic ventilation potentiate hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPVC). Isolated Wistar male rat lungs were perfused with homologous blood at constant flow, and venous and ventilatory pressure. In the first experiment, after equilibration, dose-response curves to Alm (from 0 to 1000 ng/ml, n = 10) were measured under the ventilation with normoxic gas mixture (21% O2, 5% CO2, 74% N2). It was found that Alm causes a dose-dependent pulmonary vasoconstriction. In the second experiment, low doses of Alm (125 mg/ml) or diluent of Alm (malic acid) was injected to the blood reservoir. This doses of Alm did not cause significant vasoconstriction during normoxic gas ventilation compared with malic acid. After stabilization of pulmonary arterial pressure, the lungs were exposed to three cycles of normoxia (10 min) and hypoxia (10 min) through ventilation with gas containing 21% or 2% O2 and 5% CO2. It was observed that low doses of Alm significantly reduce HPVC (p less than 0.05) on the later periods of the first and the second hypoxic challenges. However, no significant difference was revealed among two groups in the third hypoxic challenge. Directly measured blood Alm concentration was significantly lower in the third challenge than in the first challenge. Responses to angiotensin II were not decreased by Alm. In conclusion, high doses of Alm constrict pulmonary vasculature dose-dependently, and low doses of the drug not causing vasoconstriction during normoxia reduce HPVC in rat.

Almitrine↗
PubMed1989

Enzyme-histochemical visualization of lymphatic capillaries in the mouse tongue: light and electron microscopic study.

The distinction between lymphatic capillaries and blood capillaries in the mouse tongue was studied enzyme-histochemically by light and electron microscopy. The lymphatic walls are characterized by a strong 5'-nucleotidase (5'-Nase) activity, whereas those of the blood capillaries reveal a significantly lower or no activity. The alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity, on the other hand, is markedly higher in the blood capillaries than in the lymphatic capillaries. The specific reaction of 5'-Nase activity in the lymphatic capillaries is obtained by simultaneous inhibition of ALPase on incubation in a medium (Wachstein and Meisel, 1957) with L-tetramisole for 5'-Nase histochemistry. The distribution and intensity of 5'-Nase activity in the lymphatic capillaries can be adequately visualized by comparison with serial cryostat sections for histochemical detection under light and backscattered imaging scanning electron microscopes. The reaction products of the 5'-Nase activity are localized on the outer surface of the cell membrane of the lymphatic endothelial cells, whereas those in the blood capillaries reveal a weak or no reaction. The present results demonstrates satisfactory isolated visualizations of 5'-Nase activity in the lymphatic capillaries and of ALPase activity in the blood capillaries.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1989

The blood vascular architecture of the salamander external gill: a scanning electron microscopic study of corrosion casts.

The blood vascular architecture in three-paired external gills of salamander tadpoles, Hynobius dunni Tago, was demonstrated with special reference to metamorphosis by scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts. In the fully developed gill, each of the three-paired afferent branchial arteries gave off secondary afferent filament arterioles. The afferent filament arteriole drained toward the efferent filament arteriole, forming the loop at the posterior extremity of the gill filament. The branched capillaries from the afferent filament arteriole formed two plates of respiratory capillary networks with irregular honeycomb-shaped meshes. In addition, there were non-respiratory shunts as bypass of the blood circulation between the afferent and efferent branchial arteries without branching filament arterioles. Furthermore, the deep venous plexus and subepithelial capillary plexus were seen around each efferent branchial artery. The filament central venule in the central part of the filament merged into the venous plexus. Nutritive capillaries branched from efferent branchial arteries also drained toward the venous plexus. Such general vascular architecture is simpler than that of the fish. During metamorphosis, the pattern of the vascular distribution, especially filament net capillaries became irregular, and then markedly tortuous or convoluted blood vessels occurred in the absorbing gill. At the metamorphic climax, the capillary network practically disappeared in the remnant of the gill but the bypass shunt as a non-respiratory artery remained almost unchanged.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Inhibitory effect of anti-platelet prostaglandin on liver metastasis of hamster pancreatic cancer].

Coagulation system and platelets play an important role in the stage of lodgement of tumor cells. We examined abilities of human and hamster pancreatic cancer cell lines to aggregate platelets in vitro, and investigated the effect of prostaglandin E1, I2, on artificial liver metastases of pancreatic cancer in Syrian golden hamster. Platelet aggregating activities were found in five out of six human pancreatic cancer cell line and thromboplastin likes activity in five cell lines. Diisopropanolnitrosamine induced hamster pancreatic cancer cells (HPK-1) were able to aggregate platelets both in vitro and in vivo and these activities were inhibited by prostaglandin I2. Hamster was inoculated intraportally with 1 X 10(6) HPK-1 cells. After two weeks autopsy of these hamsters revealed multiple metastatic nodules on liver surface. In this model we administered prostaglandin E1, I2 into the portal vein five minutes before cell inoculation. Number of liver surface nodules were significantly decreased to 33.1 + 7.0, 11.0 + 9.6 in hamster given 100g PGE1 PGI2 before cell inoculation, compared with control group of hamsters (62.0 + 6.6 PH9.3, 66.1 + 13.9 PH7.4). But administration of prostaglandin after cell injection was not effective. In all cases none of extrahepatic metastases were noted. Inhibitory action of PGE1 PGI2 on liver metastasis is suspected to be related to inhibition of platelet aggregation.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1989

[Alteration of prostaglandin metabolism in alcoholic liver disease: its association with platelet dysfunction after chronic alcohol ingestion].

Recently, hepatic microcirculation has been focused on as an important pathogenic factor in progression of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Therefore, blood levels of several prostaglandins, which are associated with organ microcirculation, were determined in various liver diseases, including ALD. Blood thromboxane B2 (TXB2) level was significantly increased in ALD, when compared to other types of liver diseases, whereas both 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto PGF1 alpha) and prostaglandin E were not changed. These consequences resulted in the imbalance of 6-keto PGF1 alpha to TXB2, which might promote platelet aggregation and blood vessel contraction. Indeed, the increase of beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 in blood was observed in ALD. Furthermore, in ALD, the rate of arachidonate-induced platelet aggregation was prominently enhanced, and malondialdehyde production in platelet, which was well correlated with blood TXB2 levels, significantly increased. Thus, the present study may indicate that, in ALD, hyper-aggregability of platelet is produced, because of the derangement of prostaglandin metabolism and platelet dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

New strategy for treatment of carcinoma of the hilar bile duct.

Surgical treatment for carcinoma of the hilar bile duct has been a challenging problem, because the five year survival rate is less than 5 per cent and the mean survival period is 17 to 24 months even in curatively resected instances. The prognostic factors of carcinoma of the hilar bile duct are remnant carcinoma at the bile duct stump and cancerous invasion into the lymphatics, veins, perineural spaces around the intrahepatic bile duct and caudate lobe of the liver. Based on these data, a new strategy for treatment of carcinoma of the hilar bile duct has been developed and applied clinically. The strategy consists of three procedures. The first is resection of the hilar bile duct with portajejunostomy; the second, specific anticancer therapy with mitomycin C (4 milligrams) adsorbed to the activated charcoal (MMC-CH) focused on the invasion of carcinoma to the periductal lymphatics, and third, intracavitary irradiation (32 to 40 gray) by 60Co using the remote after loading system (RALSTRON 20B, Shimazu Co. Ltd., Tokyo) through the bile duct focused on the periductal infiltration of the carcinoma and through the inferior vena cava focused on the caudate lobe of the liver. In this article, the operative procedures and theoretic background of the specific chemotherapy and irradiation are described. Seven patients have been treated using this regimen. Follow-up study ranged from seven to 38 months. All patients are alive, and five of seven are disease-free.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1989

Comparative efficacy of three antiviral drugs in mice herpetic keratitis.

The antiherpetic effects of 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine (DHPG) in vitro and in vivo were investigated in comparison with those of acyclovir (ACV) and 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IDU). ACV was found to be consistently superior to the other two agents in antiviral activity against all ocular isolates in vitro. In vivo tests in mice, in contrast, showed DHPG in ointment form to be more effective than ACV in treating herpetic keratitis. It was noted that even 0.03% DHPG ointment was as efficacious as 0.3% ACV ointment. Other studies using the same keratitis model also demonstrated that DHPG eyedrop solution is far more effective than IDU eyedrop solution. These results indicate that DHPG can be a useful antiviral agent in the treatment of herpetic keratitis.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1989

Expression of envelope glycoprotein (E) of Japanese encephalitis virus by recombinant vaccinia virus.

Vaccinia virus recombinants inserted with cDNA clones of Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus envelope glycoprotein (E) gene were constructed. The E gene product was detected in the recombinant virus-infected BHK21 cells by immunofluorescence (IF) and Western blotting. The intensity of IF observed was higher by the recombinant of the TK promoter--P7.5 promoter--inserted cDNA construct than by the P7.5 promoter--TK promoter--inserted cDNA construct. The E gene product was hardly detected by the recombinant carrying the TK promoter only upstream to the inserted cDNA, although the glycoprotein E mRNA had been transcribed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Application of transendoscopic Nd-YAG laser to stenosis caused by unresectable carcinoma of the alimentary tract].

Clinical and pathological studies were performed on the efficacy of transendoscopic Nd-YAG laser irradiation to stenosis by unresectable carcinoma of the alimentary tract, and the following conclusions were obtained. Nd-YAG laser was irradiated with 30-40W, total energy 3,000-12,000J, to carcinoma of 8 cases of the esophagus, 4 cases of the stomach, 7 cases of recurrence at gastric anastomosis site and 4 cases of the large intestine, and it evaporated and reduced tumor to relieve of stenosis. The patients's quality of life was remarkably improved. Pathological study on biopsied specimens at the site of irradiation revealed no residual viable cancer cell within at least 6mm depth from the surface of carbonization layer. No perforation, no massive bleeding, no pain were recognized both during and after irradiation.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical experience of omental pedicle flap for bronchopleural fistula].

We present two patients who underwent the omental pedicle flap method for bronchopleural fistula. The first case was a 61-year-old man who developed empyema with bronchial fistula due to recurrent tuberculosis resisted to chemotherapy. He underwent complete muscle and omental flap closure of empyema space. The second case was a 63-year-old man who underwent pneumonectomy for adenocarcinoma of the lung. About two weeks after the operation, a bronchopleural fistula developed at the bronchial stump. He underwent complete omental flap closure of fistula. They are doing well 18 and 9 months following operation, respectively. The omental pedicle flap method is clinically useful as a closure method for bronchopleural fistula because of excellent blood supply of the omentum.

Bronchial Fistula↗
PubMed1989

[Progress in laboratory tests of connective tissue diseases].

The presence of serum autoantibodies to nuclear antigens (ANA) and other antigens is a hallmark of connective tissue diseases. Antibodies to double-strand DNA were present in high titers in SLE patients. Antibodies to U1RNP correlated with Raynaud's phenomenon and finger erythema in SLE patients. Anticardiolipin antibody was present in 29% of 41 SLE patients. Antibody to Scl-70 was present in 52% of 21 PSS patients. Antibody to Jo-1 was present in patients with PM associated with pulmonary fibrosis. Two of our patients with PM had an autoantibody that precipitated 7SL RNA.

Autoantibodies↗