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Biomedical subjects

S Kashyap

Publications and source records attributed to S Kashyap.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Growth, nutrient retention, and metabolic response of low-birth-weight infants fed supplemented and unsupplemented preterm human milk.

Growth, nutrient retention, and metabolic response of low-birth-weight infants fed human milk provided by their mother; this milk supplemented with bovine milk protein, calcium, phosphorus, and sodium; or pasteurized term human milk with the same supplement were monitored from the time desired intake was tolerated until weight reached 2200 g. The supplement resulted in greater rates of weight gain (20.5 +/- 2.3 vs 16.4 +/- 2.2 g.kg-1.d-1) and nitrogen retention (353 +/- 76 vs 270 +/- 53 mg.kg-1.d-1), increase in plasma transthyretin (TTR) concentration (7 +/- 16 vs -3 +/- 9 mg.L-1.wk-1), a higher mean plasma albumin concentration (34 +/- 3 vs 32 +/- 4 g/L), and a higher plasma TTR concentration at discharge (100 +/- 22 vs 75 +/- 24 mg/L). All these variables correlated significantly with total nitrogen intake, suggesting that the differences are attributable to the protein content of the supplement. The supplement also resulted in greater rates of calcium and phosphorus accretion but the plasma alkaline phosphatase activity of the supplemented vs the unsupplemented groups did not differ.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1990

Antiviral and antibacterial lipids in human milk and infant formula feeds.

Human milk and two infant formula feeds were tested for antiviral and antibacterial activity before being given to 21 low birthweight (LBW) infants; neither was present. When samples were aspirated from the stomachs of the infants within one to three hours of feeding, however, they reduced titres of enveloped virus and also killed both Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli. The lipid fraction of the gastric aspirate from an infant who had been given human milk as well as those from four infants who had been given a conventional LBW infant formula feed, showed antiviral and antibacterial activities at least equal to the activities of the unfractionated aspirates. There was no consistent difference in antiviral or antibacterial activity of either the stomach aspirates or the lipid fractions of these aspirates between infants given human milk and those given formula feeds. The antiviral and antibacterial activities of the gastric aspirates seem to result from intragastric production of monoglycerides and fatty acids from the triglyceride content of the ingested feeds.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1990

Serum lipids in healthy tribals living at high altitudes in the Himalayas.

Serum lipids of 70 healthy volunteer tribals (36 males, 34 females) living at high altitudes (3100-4500 metres) in the Himalayas were studied. The mean total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDLc, LDLc and VLDLc levels for the group were 178.6 +/- 19.5, 101.4 +/- 18.3, 44.1 +/- 12.4, 114.5 +/- 17.3 and 20.2 +/- 3.6 mg/dl respectively. There was no significant difference between the two sexes and the various age groups. The total cholesterol/HDL ratio for men and women was 4.2 and 3.9 respectively. The various interacting factors responsible for overall pattern of lipids in these individuals is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Lyme disease in a Shimla boy.

A patient with Lyme disease is described. He presented with meningitis-like picture, arthritis, and carditis (congestive cardiac failure and variable AV blocks without valvular lesions). Borrelia was present in the peripheral blood smear.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Growth, nutrient retention, and metabolic response in low birth weight infants fed varying intakes of protein and energy.

Growth, nutrient retention, and metabolic response were determined in low birth weight (LBW) infants fed daily protein and energy intakes, respectively, of 2.8 gm/kg and 119 kcal/kg (group 1), 3.8 gm/kg and 120 kcal/kg (group 2), and 3.9 gm/kg and 142 kcal/kg (group 3). The mean rates of both weight gain and nitrogen retention in group 1 were somewhat greater than intrauterine rates; plasma concentrations of transthyretin and albumin also were acceptable. Thus the lower protein intake appeared to be adequate. On the other hand, the rates of weight gain and nitrogen retention in groups 2 and 3 were greater than those in group 1, supporting the efficacy of the higher protein intake with respect to growth. However, blood urea nitrogen and plasma amino acid concentrations also were higher in groups 2 and 3; both were higher in group 2 than in group 3, reflecting the positive effect of the higher energy intake on protein utilization. This observation, combined with data from an earlier study, indicates that protein intakes in excess of 3 gm/100 kcal will not be utilized completely. Energy expenditure in group 3 was greater than in group 1 but not group 2, raising the possibility that protein intakes not utilized completely contribute to diet-induced thermogenesis. The higher energy intake in group 3 vs group 2 did not affect rate of weight gain significantly, but energy storage in group 3, and hence fat accretion, was greater than that of other groups. In all groups the ratio of protein accretion to fat accretion reflected dietary proportions of protein and energy.

Child Development↗
PubMed1988

Levels of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and hexachlorocyclohexane in human adipose tissue of the Indian population.

Concentrations of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) were determined in 313 human omental fat samples collected from subjects from all five zones of India during 1977-1980. The median concentration of 2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), total DDT, beta HCH, and total HCH were 3.4, 6.0, 1.3, and 1.9 mg/kg, respectively. The calculated national mean levels for DDT and HCH were 11.1 and 3.5 mg/kg, respectively. Although the values of DDT and HCH were not as high as those reported earlier, there is still a need for close monitoring of the bioaccumulation of these chemical residues in the Indian population.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1988

Pediatric parenteral amino acid mixture in low birth weight infants.

A mixture of amino acids designed to maintain normal plasma amino acid concentrations in infants and children requiring parenteral nutrition was evaluated in 28 low birth weight (LBW) infants (birth weight, 750 to 1750 g; postnatal age, 1 to 4 weeks) who required parenteral nutrients for optimal nutritional management. Sixteen babies received only parenteral nutrients for five to 21 days. Ten of these received a typical regimen by peripheral vein (1.91 +/- 0.16 g/kg/d of amino acids and 44.7 +/- 4.4 kcal/kg/d) and six received a typical regimen through a central vein (2.39 +/- 0.11 g/kg/d of amino acids and 95.9 +/- 14.5 kcal/kg/d). Mean weight gain of the peripheral vein subgroup was 10.3 +/- 10.6 g/kg/d; mean nitrogen balance was 230 +/- 66 mg/kg/d. Both the mean rate of weight gain (17.2 +/- 5.1 g/kg/d) and the mean rate of nitrogen retention (267 +/- 49 g/kg/d) of the central vein subgroup were similar to intrauterine rates. In these two subgroups as well as the total population, plasma concentrations of all amino acids except phenylalanine were within the 95% confidence limits of the plasma concentrations observed in LBW infants fed sufficient amounts of human milk to result in a rate of weight gain similar to the intrauterine rate. However, although plasma tyrosine and cyst(e)ine concentrations were within the 95% confidence limits of the plasma concentrations goals, the LBW infant's ability to use N-acetyl-L-tyrosine and cysteine HCl appears to be even less than that of the term infant and older child. In toto, these data support the efficacy of the amino acid mixture evaluated for LBW infants. Of equal importance, they suggest that the LBW infant's ability to use parenterally delivered amino acids is not as limited as commonly thought.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1987

New inductive applicators for electromagnetic hyperthermia.

This paper describes the construction and evaluation of two new inductive applicators for electromagnetic hyperthermia. The cross-section of the applicators can be designed to suit the area to be heated. A tuning device which can match different applicators to a source is also described.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1987

Protein quality in feeding low birth weight infants: a comparison of whey-predominant versus casein-predominant formulas.

Growth (delta weight, delta length, delta head circumference, and delta skinfold thickness), nitrogen retention, and chemical indices of metabolic tolerance (BUN concentration and acid-base status; plasma amino acid concentrations including free and bound cyst(e)ine; urinary excretion of sulfur amino acids) were determined serially in low birth weight infants (900 to 1,750 g) fed formulas differing only in protein quality. One contained unmodified bovine milk protein (a ratio of whey proteins to caseins of 18:82); the other contained modified bovine milk protein (a ratio of whey proteins to caseins of 60:40). Both provided protein and energy intakes, respectively, of approximately 3.4 g/kg/d and 120 kcal/kg/d. Neither weight gain nor the rate of increase in length, head circumference, and skinfold thickness differed between the two groups. Nitrogen retention of the two groups also did not differ. Although BUN concentration and blood acid-base status did not differ, there were differences in the plasma concentrations of some amino acids. Plasma tyrosine concentration was higher in infants fed the casein-predominant protein, and plasma threonine concentration was higher in infants fed the whey-predominant protein. Neither plasma-free nor bound cyst(e)ine concentration differed between the two groups, but the greater cyst(e)ine intake of the whey-predominant group resulted in greater cyst(e)ine retention; this was accompanied by greater urinary taurine excretion, a reflection of greater taurine stores.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗