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Biomedical subjects

S Kashyap

Publications and source records attributed to S Kashyap.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Diet and infant behavior.

We studied 142 preterm infants (mean gestation 31 weeks, mean birthweight 1364 g) fed prospectively varied protein and energy intakes. Infants were grouped as either slow or rapid growers based on rate of weight gain. Rapid growers had increased heart rates (166 vs 160 beats/min), respiratory rates (55.7 vs 53.9 bpm), energy expenditure (64.8 vs 61.6 kcal kg(-1) day(-1)), urinary C-peptide levels (1.59 vs 0.79 ng ml(-1)) and time in active sleep (78.0 vs 75.2%), and decreased spectral edge frequency in the electroencephalogram (2.96 vs 4.45 Hz) compared to slow growers. We conclude that preterm infants growing at varying rates manifest physiological and behavioral differences, and that these patterns may reflect altered autonomic balance.

Diet↗
PubMed1997

Symptomatic adrenal myelolipoma. Clinicopathological analysis of 7 cases and brief review of the literature.

Seven cases of adrenal myelolipoma comprising 5.8% of total adrenal tumors are described with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3:1. Five were symptomatic, of which 4 had a palpable abdominal mass, 2 cases detected incidentally were associated with carcinoma of the uterine cervix and renal cell carcinoma, respectively. The average age and duration of symptoms at presentation were 56 years (range 38-70 years) and 3.16 months (range 1-9 months). A CT scan was done in all cases, of which 5 showed a nonenhancing mass lesion with fat density diagnosed as adrenal myelolipoma. However, in 1 case radiological diagnosis of liposarcoma was maintained because of the huge size of the lesion whereas in another case the lesion was missed because of associated renal cell carcinoma. Interestingly the right adrenal was involved in all cases and the weight varied from 7 to 2,000 g. No recurrence was noted in the follow-up period (ranging from 3 months to 10 years).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Energy expended by low birth weight infants in the deposition of protein and fat.

One hundred twenty low birth weight infants were enterally fed diets containing fixed differences in protein and energy content. Serial, biweekly measurements were made of metabolizable energy intake, energy expenditure, nitrogen balance, and distribution of states of sleep, from the time the infants were receiving full enteral intakes (180 mL/kg.d) until weight reached 2200 g. Using multiple regression analysis of energy expenditure against protein stored, and metabolizable energy, the energy expended in the deposition of protein was calculated to be 5.5 kcal/g +/- 1.1 kcal/g (SE) and the energy cost of fat deposited was 1.6 kcal/g +/- 0.3 kcal/g (SE). Estimated maintenance energy expenditure of the nongrowing low birth weight infant was 42.3 +/- 3.2 kcal/kg/d. Variations in distribution of sleep state, an assessment of the activity state of the infant, did not explain additional variability in energy expenditure, after adjusting for protein and energy storage.

Dietary Fats↗
PubMed1995

Random primer p(dN)6-digoxigenin labeling for quantitation of mRNA by Q-RT-PCR and ELISA.

The ability to accurately measure mRNA levels in samples of total RNA is essential for studies on control of gene expression. The mRNAs from the housekeeping gene for phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK-1) can serve as a quality control for RNA samples. We describe an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for mRNA determination by Q-RT-PCR, a quantitative reverse transcriptase-mediated PCR assay with competitive internal standards. After PCR, two biotinylated capture primers, one specific for PGK-1 cDNA and another one for internal standard, are annealed in separate assays so that each can attach DNA to a streptavidin-coated microplate. The captured DNA is either internally labeled with digoxigenin (DIG) or is "developed" after annealing with DIG-labeled primers. Bound DNA is then quantitated by adding DIG-specific antibody with attached alkaline phosphatase and measuring phosphatase activity with a chromogenic substrate and a plate reader. We compared different capturing methods and various primers labeled with DIG at their 3' ends. We determined that amplified PGK-1 DNA specifically captured with biotinylated primers was efficiently assayed with random p(dN)6-DIG.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Arginine deficiency accompanies persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a life-threatening disorder of neonates manifested by vasoconstriction of the pulmonary arteries. Recently, the gas nitric oxide (NO) has been used with some success in the management of infants with PPHN. Exogenous administration of NO selectively dilates the pulmonary vascular bed. NO is naturally synthesized in the body from the amino acid L-arginine. Here we report our findings that infants with PPHN are deficient in arginine and achieve normal or elevated plasma arginine concentrations with intravenous hyperalimentation. We prospectively identified and studied 10 infants with PPHN who were not receiving protein or amino acids for at least 24 h and compared their plasma arginine concentrations to 8 control infants without PPHN given similar nutrition. Plasma arginine concentrations were 32 +/- 14 and 52 +/- 20 mumol/l in infants with PPHN and control infants, respectively (p = 0.02). There were no other statistically significant differences in plasma amino acid concentration for any of the 22 other amino acids determined. Infants with PPHN who were subsequently treated with amino acid infusions had plasma arginine concentrations of 115 +/- 48 mumol/l (mean of ten determinations at 86 +/- 27 h after initiation of intravenous amino acids in five PPHN infants).

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of a mathematical model for predicting the relationship between protein and energy intakes of low-birth-weight infants and the rate and composition of weight gain.

A model for predicting the relationship between protein and energy intakes of low-birth-weight (LBW) infants and the rate and composition of weight gain is described. It is based on linear multiple regression equations summarizing the rates of weight gain, nitrogen retention, and energy retention of 101 previously studied LBW infants fed protein intakes ranging from 2.25 to 3.9 g.kg-1.d-1 and concomitant energy intakes ranging from 115 to 147 kcal.kg-1.d-1 plus current theory concerning nutrient retention and body composition. To test the validity of the model, three combinations of protein and energy intake predicted by the model to result in specific rates and compositions of weight gain were fed to 44 LBW infants, and the observed rates of weight gain, protein accretion, and fat accretion were compared with the rates predicted by the model. Differences in these and other outcome variables between two of the groups, the intakes of which differed only in energy, also were compared to provide additional insight into the effect of concomitant energy intake on protein utilization. Across groups, actual outcomes correlated closely with predicted outcomes, supporting the validity of the model for the total population. However, outcomes of individual infants deviated as much as 30% from predicted outcomes; the magnitude of the deviation was independent of birth weight, gestational age, or size for gestational age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Body Composition↗
PubMed1993

Cardiorespiratory costs of growth in low birth weight infants.

The energy cost of growth includes two components: the energy stored in new tissues and the energy expended in all energy requiring steps associated with nutrient intake and net tissue accretion. Most of the energy expended in growth is accounted for by the energy cost of tissue anabolism: peptide bonds, lipogenesis, substrate transport, etc. However, to the extent that additional work is required of the heart and lungs for growth-related increases in O2 and CO2 transport, increased energy is also expended in cardiorespiratory work. Indirect estimates of these costs can be gained by examining the effects of diet and weight gain on heart rate and respiratory frequency. We studied 66 healthy low birth weight infants, mean study weight = 2010 g, fed constant intakes of protein (2.25-3.9 g/kg per day) and energy (100-150 kcal/kg per day). These diets led to rates of weight gain ranging from 13.9 to 21.7 g/kg per day, among the diet groups. Bi-weekly 6-h assessments of energy expenditure, heart rate, respiratory frequency and state of sleep were made after full enteral intake was achieved. After adjustment of heart rate for the effect of postnatal age, heart rate during active sleep was related to weight gain (y = 0.97 x + 144, r2 = 0.15), nitrogen-energy ratio of the diet (y = 5.9 x + 139,2 r2 = 0.22), and energy expenditure (y = 0.53 x + 129, r2 = 0.13). Multiple regression analysis revealed that age-adjusted heart rate during active and quiet sleep was significantly related to a combination of the same three variables (r2 = 0.31).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aging↗
PubMed1992

Peak expiratory flow rates of healthy tribal children living at high altitudes in the Himalayas.

Peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) of 237 healthy tribal children living at or above 3000 metres from sea level were measured. The mean age, height and PEFR for boys were 10.7 years, 130.7 cm, 245.5 +/- 74.0 l/min, respectively. The values of these parameters in girls were 10.5 years, 128.2 cm and 222.3 +/- 78.6 l/min. The PEFR of these children, especially for boys, were comparable with North Indian urban children or children of the West.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Human performance capability in psychomotor tasks at variable difficulty levels and physiological reactions under noise and heat conditions.

The effects of noise and heat on the efficiency of human performance of psychomotor tasks at variable difficulty levels were investigated. Twenty four young, healthy volunteers with normal hearing, randomly divided into 4 equal sized groups, were tested in a climatic chamber under 4 combinations of two environmental conditions made up of noise and heat, each at two levels: 70 dB (A) (quiet), 100 dB (A) (noise): 28 degrees C (comfortable), 35 degrees C (heat). A statistically balanced procedure was followed. Three physiological variables were also recorded: Heart rate, blood pressure and body temperature. A 2 x 2 analysis of variance showed rise in the physiological variables by noise and heat respectively as well as by their interactions. Performances of the psychomotor tasks were affected differently by noise and heat depending on the difficulty levels of the tasks. The interaction of noise and heat entailed superior performance of the tasks of memory and search, two hand coordination and reaction time, at moderate difficulty levels, but no distinct interaction effect was observed on the performance of tweezer dexterity.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Surgical correction of recurrent volar dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint. A case report.

Recurrent volar dislocation of the distal ulna is an unusual injury. The role of various anatomic structures in providing stability of the distal radioulnar joint is controversial. Surgical reconstruction of the distal radioulnar joint was performed in a 25-year-old woman. A sling procedure was performed along with reconstruction of the fibrous osseous canal of the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU). The ECU appears to play a role in stabilizing the distal radioulnar joint. When dislocation of the ECU tendon is noted intraoperatively, reconstruction of the fibrous osseous canal should be done.

Adult↗