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Biomedical subjects

S Kapoor

Publications and source records attributed to S Kapoor.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

The intubating laryngeal mask airway after induction of general anesthesia versus awake fiberoptic intubation in patients with difficult airways.

UNLABELLED: We performed the current study to compare tracheal intubation (TI) using awake fiberoptic intubation (AFOI) and TI using the intubating laryngeal mask airway (ILMA) in patients with difficult airway. Our hypothesis was that patients with difficult airways could be safely intubated after induction of anesthesia using the ILMA. After ethics approval and informed consent, 38 patients who were identified to have difficult airways were randomly assigned to AFOI or TI using the ILMA. Patients in the AFOI group had the usual sedation and airway topicalization. Patients in the ILMA group were induced with propofol for ILMA insertion and succinylcholine for TI. The first TI attempt was done blindly via the ILMA and all subsequent attempts were performed with fiberoptic guidance. All patients in the ILMA group were successfully ventilated. Successful TI was achieved in all patients in both groups. However, in 10% of the patients in the ILMA group, TI was achieved by a second anesthesiologist who was more experienced with the use of the ILMA. In a postoperative questionnaire, patients in the ILMA group were more satisfied with their method of TI (P < 0.01). The ILMA is a useful device in the management of patients with difficult airways and may be a valuable alternative to AFOI when AFOI is contraindicated or in the patient with the unanticipated difficult airway. IMPLICATIONS: The intubating laryngeal mask airway is a useful device in the management of patients with difficult airways and may be a valuable alternative to awake fiberoptic intubation (AFOI) when AFOI is contraindicated or in the patient with the unanticipated difficult airway.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

An open label safety study of topical imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of Molluscum contagiosum in children.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of imiquimod 5% cream, a potent inducer of interferons, in children with molluscum contagiosum. The lesions of thirteen subjects (mean age 7 years) were treated every night for 4 weeks. A visual analog scale was used to assess any adverse local skin reactions, and for the presence of systemic side effects characteristic of interferon (IFN). Temperature and total white blood cell count were measured at baseline and compared with results at weeks 2 and 4. In the twelve subjects who completed the study, adverse reactions were limited to application site reactions. We did not find any evidence of systemic toxicity. In conclusion, imiquimod 5% cream appears to be a safe treatment in children with molluscum contagiosum.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2001

Cephalometric evaluation of Class II malocclusions in transitional dentition.

Studying malocclusion during active growth period is important because this period has the maximum impact on dentofacial structures. The present study comprises of computerised cephalometric evaluation of 100 North Indian children in the age group of 9-12 years, with 50 children in normal occlusion group. The samples were segregated according to sex with 25 females and 25 males in each group. It was concluded from the study that changes or deviations in SNB, Saddle, Articular and Gonial angles are the potential indicative factors in the development of a class II malocclusion and that class II pattern is associated with short and posteriorly placed mandible in relation to the cranial base.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

Pulse radiolytic oxidation of beta-carotene with halogenated alkylperoxyl radicals in a quaternary microemulsion: formation of retinol.

Pulse radiolytically generated halogenated alkylperoxyl radicals, namely CCl3OO*, CBr3OO*, CHCl2OO*, CHBr2OO*, etc. have been employed for a study of the oxidation of beta-carotene in a quaternary microemulsion. All these halogenated alkylperoxyl radicals produce a radical cation (absorption maximum at 840 nm), either via the initial formation of an adduct (absorption maximum at 740 nm), or by direct reaction. There was a considerable blue shift of both absorption peaks in the present system as compared to those earlier reported in non-polar as well as in micellar media. An additional intense absorption peak at approximately 345 nm was noted at a longer time scale and was stable up to 5 ms. On irradiation with a large number of electron pulses, a stable product with an absorption maximum at 315 nm appeared. On excitation at 315 nm, this product gave a fluorescence spectrum with an emission maximum at 525 nm. The absorption and fluorescence spectra of the stable product compared with those of retinol; this was further confirmed by HPLC analysis. A suitable mechanism has been proposed.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Enthalpies of solution of ampicillin, amoxycillin and their binary mixtures at 310.15 K.

Enthalpies of solutions of ampicillin, amoxycillin and their binary mixtures have been determined at pH 2, 5, and 7 using C-80 calorimeter. The systems showed endothermic behaviour; molar enthalpies of solutions of ampicillin were determined to be 13.32, 15.89 and 23.21 kJ mol(-1) and amoxycillin were 16.32, 18.45 and 26. 25 kJ mol(-1) at pH 2, 5, and 7, respectively. The excess molar enthalpies of solution have also been calculated to find any interaction between these two drugs.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed2000

Cytological features of chondroblastoma: a case report with review of the literature.

Chondroblastoma is an uncommon benign tumor of bone with a characteristic epiphyseal location. This report documents the cytological features on fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of a chondroblastoma which appeared as a lytic lesion, predominantly in the metaphysis of the medial condyle of right femur in a 20-year-old male. Smears characteristically revealed hyper- to hypocellular lobules comprising small round to polyhedral cells (chondroblasts) embedded in an abundant myxoid stroma. The cytological diagnosis of chondroblastoma was confirmed on histopathology. The radiological appearance and differential diagnosis in this case is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The Ilizarov method in infected nonunion of fractures.

Thirty patients with infected non-union of long bones were treated with radical resection of the necrotic bone and bone transport or compression/distraction osteosynthesis. Non-union, infection, deformity, bone gap and shortening were all addressed simultaneously using the Ilizarov principles. There were 15 cases with bone loss ranging from 4 to 12 cm (median bone gap of 7 cm), 10 cases of stiff non-union (six of which had an associated deformity) and five cases of mobile non-union. The median time in the Ilizarov frame was 150 days. Median follow up time after frame removal was 23.5 months. Bone grafting at the docking site was only required in three cases (10%). There were three cases of refracture (10%) and three cases of recurrence of infection (10%). The bone result was excellent in 21 patients (70%), good in three (10%), fair in none (0%) and poor in six (20%). The functional results were excellent in eight patients (26.7%), good in 12 (40.0%), fair in three (10%) and poor in seven (23.3%). It is difficult to precisely define the indications for preservation and reconstruction of severe injuries. The surgical team has to take into account the length, disability, complications and cost of treatment. Patients must be aware of the limitations of functional results and the possible difficulty of return to work despite the reconstructive attempt.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Recurrent medulloblastoma following pediatric double-lung transplant.

We report a case of recurrent medulloblastoma following successful pediatric double-lung transplant for chemotherapy-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The patient had an apparent 10-year malignancy-free period prior to the transplant. This case demonstrates a potential complication of lung transplantation in individuals with prior malignancies, and questions whether patients with a history of medulloblastoma are suitable candidates for lung transplantation.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed2000

The changing epidemiological pattern of hepatitis A in an urban population of India: emergence of a trend similar to the European countries.

The present study was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence of the antibody against hepatitis A virus (IgG anti-HAV) in an urban population sample from Delhi (India) and to assess any change in the epidemiological pattern of HAV infection in this part of the world. A total of 500 healthy subjects were enrolled and divided into groups on the basis of age, sex and per capita income and evaluated for the presence of IgG anti HAV antibodies using a commercially available kit. The mean age of all the subjects was 32.6 +/- 13.2 yr. and the male:female ratio was 1.5:1. The overall prevalence of IgG anti-HAV in all subjects was 71.2% (356/500). The prevalence in subjects >35 years (92.1% [186/202]) was significantly higher than that in subjects <35 years (92.1% [186/202]) was significantly higher than in subjects <35 years (57% [170/298]). No statistically significant difference was observed between male and female subjects (71.4% [217/304] vs. 70.9% [139/196]) or between subjects belonging to middle and low socioeconomic groups (68.9% [135/196] vs. 72.7% [221/304]). These findings when compared with the results that were obtained in 1982, showed a decreasing prevalence of IgG anti-HAV, most significantly in younger age groups (16-35 years). Thus, we may conclude that the seroepidemiology of hepatitis A virus infection in urban population of India seems to be changing with seroprevalence in the younger population approaching a figure similar to that of the more developed European countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Predictive performance study of two digoxin assays in subjects with various degrees of renal function.

This prospective study was conducted to compare the predictive performance of fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA, Abbott TDx Digoxin II) and radioimmunoassay (RIA, Kallestad Labs) with combined low-pressure liquid chromatography/RIA (LPLC/RIA) digoxin assay in measuring 15-17 serum digoxin concentrations (SDC) obtained after a single 10 microg/kg intravenous digoxin dose in patients with various degrees of renal function and at different SDC ranges. Eighteen men and women were stratified into 3 age- and gender-matched groups based upon renal function [N = 6 in each, group I (Cl(cr) < 10 mL/min), group II (Cl(cr) = 10-50 mL/min), and group III (Cl(cr) > 50 mL/min)]. Serum digoxin concentrations were measured at time zero; at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours; and at 2, 3, 4, and 5-7 days after the digoxin dose, using the three different digoxin assays. TDx Digoxin II was unbiased [mean error -0.09 (95% CI -0.19, 0.01)] and RIA biased [mean error -0.29 (95% CI -0.36, -0.21)] to over-predict SDC by 14.2%. In group I patients, the analysis revealed a bias to over-predict SDC by 6.0% for TDx Digoxin II [mean error -0.16 (95% CI -0.29, -0.07)] and an unbiased performance by RIA. In groups II and III, both TDx Digoxin II and RIA showed biased performance, the mean magnitude of bias was low (< 20%). For intermediate SDC range (> 0.5 ng/mL and < or = 3.0 ng/mL), TDx Digoxin II was unbiased in predicting SDC, whereas RIA was biased to under-predict SDC [mean error 0.13 (95% CI 0.10, 0.16)] by 9.9%. The magnitude of bias observed in all cases was less than 20%. Both assays, TDx Digoxin II and RIA, imprecisely measured SDC for all samples combined, different groups and SDC ranges. In all time-paired samples, TDx Digoxin II (FPIA) performed better than the RIA. In conclusion, the magnitude of bias observed with either assay at different groups and SDC ranges was not likely to be clinically relevant. Therefore, either assay may be used to measure SDC in clinical practice.

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents↗
PubMed2000

Effect of regulated expression of human cyclooxygenase isoforms on eicosanoid and isoeicosanoid production in inflammation.

To examine the role of cyclooxygenase (COX) isozymes in prostaglandin formation and oxidant stress in inflammation, we administered to volunteer subjects placebo or bolus injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which caused a dose-dependent increase in temperature, heart rate, and plasma cortisol. LPS caused also dose-dependent elevations in urinary excretion of 2,3-dinor 6-keto PGF(1alpha) (PGI-M) and 11-dehydro thromboxane B(2) (Tx-M). Platelet COX-1 inhibition by chronic administration of low-dose aspirin before LPS did not alter the symptomatic and febrile responses to LPS, but the increment in urinary PGI-M and Tx-M were both partially depressed. Pretreatment with ibuprofen, a nonspecific COX inhibitor, attenuated the febrile and systemic response to LPS and inhibited prostanoid biosynthesis. Both celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, and ibuprofen attenuated the pyrexial, but not the chronotropic, response to LPS. Experimental endotoxemia caused differential expression of the COX isozymes in monocytes and polymorphonuclear leucocytes ex vivo. LPS also increased urinary iPF(2alpha)-III, iPF(2alpha)-VI, and 8,12-iso-iPF(2alpha)-VI, isoprostane (iP) indices of lipid peroxidation, and none of the drugs blunted this response. These studies indicate that (a) although COX-2 predominates, both COX isozymes are induced and contribute to the prostaglandin response to LPS in humans; (b) COX activation contributes undetectably to lipid peroxidation induced by LPS; and (c) COX-2, but not COX-1, contributes to the constitutional response to LPS in humans.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Redox reactions of sanazole (AK-2123) in aqueous solutions: a pulse radiolysis study.

The redox chemistry of sanazole, an efficient hypoxic cell radiosensitizer, generally referred to as AK-2123, was studied by pulse radiolysis with eaq-, CO2-., 2-propanol radicals and CH2OH radicals. AK-2123 reacts with eaq-, CO2-. and 2-propanol radicals at almost diffusion-controlled rates, producing a nitro radical anion (lambda max = 290 nm) within a few microseconds. The decay kinetics of the radical anion was independent of the pH. The radical anion reacts with oxygen with a rate constant of 3.4 x 10(6) dm3 mol-1 s-1. An electron-transfer reaction was observed from the thymine radical anion to AK-2123. From redox equilibria with methyl viologen, the one-electron reduction potential of AK-2123 in aqueous solution, determined by pulse radiolysis, was estimated to be -0.33 +/- 0.02 V vs. NHE. Depletion of intracellular nonprotein thiols did not mitigate the radiosensitizing affect of the hypoxic radiosensitizer, AK-2123.

Electron Transport↗
PubMed2000

Clinical implications of hepatitis G virus (HGV) infection in patients of acute viral hepatitis & fulminant hepatic failure.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Viral hepatitis is a major public health problem especially in developing countries such as India. Hepatitis viruses A, B, C, D and E are all well characterized and molecularly defined agents with unequivocal association with human liver disease but there is evidence of hepatitis in humans caused by certain transmissible agents which cannot be classified with the above hepatotoric viruses. The role of recently discovered hepatitis G virus (HGV/GBV-C) as an independent heaptitis agent is controversial. Recently, we have shown a relatively high frequency of HGV infection in fulminant hepatic failure but the virus was often detected in co-infection with hepatitis B or E virus. The present study has therefore been carried out to evaluate the clinical significance of HGV infection in acute viral hepatitis (AVH) and fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) through follow up of HGV positive patients till their clinical and biochemical recovery. METHODS: The study included 50 patients comprising 35 of AVH and 15 of FHF. These patients were evaluated on the basis of history, physical examination, liver function profile and serological markers for hepatitis A, B, C and E. Those patients serologically negative for HBV and HCV infection were further screened for HBV DNA and HCV RNA by PCR. All the samples were screened for presence of HGV-RNA by RT-PCR using inner and outer primers sequences selected from NS3 helicase region of the HGV genome. FHF patients who died were subjected to postmortem liver biopsy and these biopsy specimens were also screened for HGV-RNA. Repeat detection of HGV-RNA was done after clinical and biochemical recovery of the patients. RESULTS: Of 35 AVH patients, HGV infection was detected in 5 patients (14.3%) while 4 of 15 patients (26.6%) in the FHF group were positive for HGV-RNA. Five HGV positive AVH patients were followed till clinical and biochemical recovery and all of them tested positive for HGV-RNA at follow up (6 weeks to 6 months). Out of 4 HGV positive FHF patients, only one survived and his repeat sample after clinical and biochemical recovery tested positive for HGV-RNA. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that HGV infection does occur in patients of AVH and FHF and HGV viraemia persists for a long time even after clinical and biochemical recovery. These observations point towards a possible non-pathogenic role of hepatitis G virus infection.

Base Sequence↗