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Biomedical subjects

S Kamei

Publications and source records attributed to S Kamei.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Multilayer-film analysis for urea nitrogen in blood, serum, or plasma.

Two types of multilayer-film slides for measurement of urea nitrogen in blood are reported here: one for whole-blood samples, the other for plasma or serum. Urea nitrogen concentrations in plasma are determined almost immediately, without preparation of reagents or centrifugation of blood samples. Because the sample volume applied to the slide is not critical, reliable results are quickly obtained by the neophyte.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1981

Direct spectrophotometry of total bile acids in serum.

In this simple and direct method for determining total bile acids in serum, the serum was mixed with sodium pyruvate, a lactate dehydrogenase blocker, and bile acids were then measured spectrophotometrically after the following enzyme reaction. Bile acids are converted to 3-oxo bile acids with 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.50) with concomitant reduction of NAD+ to NADH. The hydrogen in the NADH generated is transferred by diaphorase (EC 1.6.4.3) to nitrotetrazolium blue to yield diformazan 540 nm). Analytical recovery of the various bile acids in serum averaged 96.2%. The CV for the day-to-day variation was 4.3%. Normal values are less than 7 mumol/L. Total serum bile acids were estimated by this method in 118 fasting patients with various liver diseases. This determination is clearly shown to be useful as a liver-function test.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1981

Plasma glucose concentrations of whole blood, as determined with a multilayer-film analytical element.

A new type of multilayer film analytical element--consisting of a spreading layer, a blocking layer, an enzymic reagent layer, and a transparent layer--has been developed for blood glucose determination. After a spot of whole blood is dropped on the film, the plasma glucose concentration is determined in 6 min without further manipulations. Precise measurement of sample volume spotted on the film is not necessary for good results, nor is knowledge of the hematocrit in the range 10-46%. The minimum concentration of glucose detectable by this method is 100 mg/L. The coefficients of variation, within-run and between-run, were all less than 2.5% for 800-4000 mg/L glucose concentrations. Macromolecules and hydrophobic substances in blood did not interfere. This method seems suitable for emergency use, especially.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1981

Longitudinal study of aerobic power in superior junior athletes.

The effects of endurance training on aerobic power, and the relationship between aerobic power and running performance were investigated in 11 junior runners over a period of 5-to-7 years, starting from the age of 14. Aerobic power was measured using treadmill running and a protocol that involved increasing speed. The six subjects who comprised group I were those who continued competitive training, while the five in group II had stopped training by the age of 18. The subjects in group I demonstrated greater aerobic power (l x min-1) and better running performance than those in group II. Aerobic power for group I increased from 3.54 l x min-1 (65.4 ml x kg-1 x min-1) to 4.49 l x min-1 (75.5 ml x kg-1 x min-1) between the ages of 14.8 and 18.8 yr. The increase in l x min-1 and ml x kg-1 x min-1 was statistically significant (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.05). The greatest aerobic power found in subject A corresponds to the data from world-class runners: 3.63 l x min-1 (61.5 ml x kg-1 x min-1) at age 14.7 yr; 4.67 l x min-1 (74.6 ml x kg-1 x min-1) at 17.8 yr; and 5.04 l x min-1 (76.3 ml x kg-1 x min-1) at 20.7 yr. After their training was discontinued, aerobic power for those in group II decreased to the level of ordinary schoolboys. Improvement in running performance was closely related to the increase of aerobic power in l x min-1. Superior running performance seems to be associated with high aerobic power in l x min-1, rather than in ml x kg-1 x min-1 for junior runners.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Apoenzyme of aspartate aminotransferase isozymes in serum and its diagnostic usefullness for hepatic diseases.

Aspartate aminotransferase in the sera of normal subjects and of patients with hepatic diseases has been immunologically separated into two isoenzymes, cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase. The activity of the isoenzymes was measured in three different buffer solutions with or without pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. To attain maximal activation, the apoenzyme of mitochondrial fraction must be preincubated with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate longer than that of the cytosolic fraction in either of the three reaction mixtures. In most sera the activity of both isoenzymes increased substantially in the presence of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate regardless of the type of buffer solutions. Both the apoenzymatic activity and the ratio of apo- to holo-enzymatic activity of each of the isoenzymes varied among samples from the patients with hepatic diseases. However, significantly high ratios of apo- to holo-enzymatic activity of both isoenzymes were observed in the patients with hepatoma in contrast with those with other hepatic diseases. These findings suggest that the simultaneous measurement of both apo- and holo-enzyme activities of aspartate aminotransferase isoenzymes may be useful in the clinical assessment of hepatic diseases.

Apoenzymes↗
PubMed1977

Maximal O2 uptake of boys and girls -- ages 14--17.

White high school girls (n = 120) and boys (n = 120) aged 14--17 years, selected from 9th, 10th, 11th and 12 grades of a northern, midwest U.S. high school performed running exercise on a motor driven treadmill for determinations of maximal O2 uptake (VO2 max). The mean VO max for all age groups was 40.8 +/- 4.0 and 54.7 +/- 5.6 ml/kg-min-1 for girls and boys respectively. The difference in VO2 max across age groups varied only from 40.2--41.2 ml/kg-min-1 for girls and 54.0-56.3 ml/kg-min-1 for boys. These differences were not significant (P greater than 0.05). The reported VO2 max data are compared with those reported in other studies for bicycle ergometer and treadmill excercise using similar age groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cerebral hemodynamics on near-infrared spectroscopy in hypoxia and ischemia in young animal studies.

Using near-infrared spectroscopy the changes of intracranial oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, total hemoglobin and cytochrome aa3, which show the progression of intracranial oxygenation, hemodynamics and cell metabolism, were recorded during prolonged partial hypoxia induced by carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen (N2), ischemia induced by hyperventilation, and hypoxia during hypoglycemia in neonatal and young rabbits. The reduction of cytochrome aa3 during the terminal stage of CO2-induced prolonged hypoxia, hyperventilation and hypoxia in hypoglycemia suggests that the redox state of cytochrome aa3 will be changed by several combined factors such as oxygen delivery, ATP demand and substrate (glucose) delivery.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗