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Biomedical subjects

S K Ray

Publications and source records attributed to S K Ray.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
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Sentinel surveillance on poliomyelitis and neonatal tetanus: a report.

A 5 year sentinel surveillance (1989-93) of paralytic poliomyelitis and neonatal tetanus was undertaken at a rural Medical College Hospital at Burdwan, West Bengal. Poliomyelitis incidence showed an overall declining trend, which corroborated with the increased OPV coverage over the years. Incidence was more in males than females. Male:female ratio varied between 2.31:1 to 1.2:1. From 1989 to 1992, age-shift in poliomyelitis was observed when more cases were occurring above 1 year subjects. Cases were reported to be high during the months June to September every year. Incidence of neonatal tetanus (NNT) also showed a declining trend during the 5 year study period. A male preponderance was observed. NNT cases were more prevalent during the months between August and November. In an attempt for eradication of paralytic poliomyelitis and elimination of NNT, containment and other public health measures were undertaken a part of surveillance activities. The obstacles encountered in the surveillance system, as well as lacunae identified in undertaking appropriate health measures was discussed.

Age Distribution↗
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Nutritional status of pavement dweller children of Calcutta City.

Pavement dwelling is likely to aggravate malnutrition among its residents due to extreme poverty, lack of dwelling and access to food and their exposure to polluted environment. Paucity of information about nutritional status of street children compared to that among urban slum dwellers, squatters or rural/tribal population is quite evident. The present study revealed the magnitude of Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) and few associated factors among a sample of 435 underfives belonging to pavement dweller families and selected randomly from clusters of such families, from each of the five geographical sectors of Calcutta city. Overall prevalence of PEM was found almost similar (about 70%) to that among other 'urban poor' children viz. slum dwellers etc., but about 16% of them were found severely undernourished (Grade III & V of IAP classification of PEM). About 35% and 70% of street dweller children had wasting and stunting respectively. Severe PEM (Grade III & IV) was more prevalent among 12-23 months old, girl child, those belonged to illiterate parents and housewife mothers rather than wage earners. It also did increase with increase of birth rate of decrease of birth interval.

Child, Preschool↗
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A rapid assessment of anaemia in pregnancy in West Bengal with special reference to care seeking behaviour of mothers.

A cross-sectional study was conducted among the pregnant women in three administrative divisions of West Bengal to undertake a rapid assessment about the magnitude of the problem of anaemia in pregnancy and also to study care seeking behaviour for the same. The findings revealed that the occurrence of anaemia in these three divisions were very high to the extent of 86.39% and popularly known as 'Raktasunyata" or 'Raktalpata' to the common people. As per WHO guidelines (< 40% prevalence) it could be considered as public health problem of very high magnitude. Caregivers prescribed iron supplementation only in 70% of registered pregnant women when 100% coverage of pregnant women with IFA tablet is our national goal. Amongst this group 72.2% were partially consuming these tablets. Main reason for irregular or partial consumption was inability to purchase iron tablets (52.63%). Around 16% mothers were taking rest for 2 hours at daytime during pregnancy. Most important reasons for not consuming iron tablets were that iron was prescribed on the day of study (43.18%) and iron was not prescribed even though mothers were registered (36.23%). Focus group discussion highlighted some factors regarding improvement of the situation.

Anemia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An overview of multicentric training workshops for public health professionals on reproductive and child health programme in India.

The major emphasis of Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) programme in India is delivery of client-oriented, demand driven and broader ranges of high quality, safe and effective services for children, adolescents, mothers and reproductive age group population at large. Increased client satisfaction is considered as main determinant for improved acceptance of the services. Thus, well trained and motivated health personnel are necessary to deal with highly sensitive, personal health issues of the clients, like contraception, abortion, infertility services etc. The Indian Public Health Association organized total 10 workshops in several places of India (A total 322 members, composed of Medical Administrators (54.7%), Faculty members of Medical Colleges (24.5%), Sociologist and Nutritionists (13.9%) and also public health personnel (6.9%) participated in the workshop). Learning objectives and lesson plans etc. were formulated. Accordingly the contents were incorporated in a module, validated and pretested. The training sessions were conducted by briefing, discussion, group exercise and VIPP method and were evaluated by semi structured. The pre/post assessment schedule and scored scale of feedback from participantsAE were used for evaluation. The pre-post assessment scores revealed wide variations of mean score among the participants of several places. Significant post workshop improvement of knowledge was quite evident, with few exceptions. The group variants of pre and post score of results was considered to be due to heterogeneous groups of participants. Review of objectivity and quality of the questionnaire were felt as necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An evaluation of routine immunization coverage in some districts of West Bengal and Assam.

A coverage evaluation survey was carried out in the five districts of West Bengal and Goalpara district of Assam during the period from November 2002 to April 2003 through 40 clusters sampling technique. Results revealed that highest coverage with routine immunization was in Paschim Medinipur (82.5%) followed by Kolkata (71.6%), Malda (65.3%), 24 Parganas South (61.9%) districts of West Bengal. Murshidabad district of West Bengal had only 41.3% coverage while poorest coverage was observed in Goalpara district (27.2%) of Assam. "Not aware of the need for routine immunization" was the main reason for not being vaccinated with all the UIP vaccines. Vaccination was given mainly through government hospitals in Kolkata while it was administered mainly through subcentres in the other rural districts.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
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Evaluation of pulse polio immunization in some districts of West Bengal & Assam.

A cross-sectional non-interventional survey was carried out in 5 districts of West Bengal and one district of Assam to find out the extent of coverage during IPPI. It was observed that in the recent rounds of IPPI, more than 95% coverage was observed in all the surveyed districts excepting in 24 Parganas South where coverage was around 92%. Situation at the Goalpara district further needed attention, as the coverage during February 03 as well as in the past two rounds were 90.13%, 88.13%, and 91.04% respectively. In all these districts booths were the main sites for IPPI dose though 1/3rd to 1/4th of the beneficiaries received immunization at home also. It was also observed that around 10% of the beneficiaries were not administered any PPI dose in the either of the rounds, in 24 Parganas (south) & Murshidabad districts, from where maximum number of Poliomyelitis cases were reported. At Goalpara it was 19%. Main reason for not being covered with PPI doses in either of the rounds in all the districts excepting Kolkata was "Not aware of the need for additional doses". In Kolkata "child sick" was the main reason. Health workers were main source of information of PPI in South 24 Parganas (67.13%), Malda (58.25%) & West Midnapur (54%). At Murshidabad "announcement through mike" (61.25%) was the main source of information while in Kolkata, TV was the main source (67.13%). Miking (56.38%) was the main source of information for PPI at Goalpara district of Assam. It was observed that involvement of multiple methods & media of communication was helpful in disseminating dates & other information of PPI.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Action for tackling malnutrition: growth monitoring or surveillance?

Malnutrition is an important Public Health problem globally as well as in India. Mortality is a multi-causal phenomenon in which malnutrition is but one factor directly or indirectly contributing 55% mortality of children under-five years of age. Authors observed higher prevalence of severe degree of Malnutrition in the underserved section of population with specific reference to girl child, under 3 years of age, where there were large number of children in the family, repeated infections and Measles. Growth monitoring Services in the ICDS scheme meant only weight recording and was not at all satisfactory. Even the majority of the Anganwadi workers (AWW) stated that it meant monthly weight recording of children while only few knew it is in addition plotting these on growth charts and advising mothers if growth was not proper. Around 60% of caregivers did not know about growth monitoring. The concept of growth monitoring should be changed to Growth surveillance to emphasize more on the action components of it.

Age Factors↗
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Coverage evaluation surveys amongst children in some blocks of West Bengal.

Immunisation coverage evaluation was carried out in 9 Blocks of West Bengal amongst 12-23 months old children. Fully immunised status of 5 blocks were under 16%. Poor measles vaccine coverage thought to be the reason. Other vaccine coverage was more than 60%, in most of the blocks excepting Hilly Balurghat and Tamluk. "Child ill-not brought" was the important reason for immunisation failure in most of the blocks.

Cluster Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An epidemiological study of goitre in two rural communities of Varanasi.

A cross sectional study was conducted in two rural communities of Varanasi during the period from January to December 1978 to find out the problem of endemic goitre. The overall prevalence of goitre was as high as 28.44% with 9.45% of adolescent (13-18 years) population having grade I enlargement. The highest prevalence was observed in 7-12 years of age group, the females being consistently more affected in all the age groups. The prevalence of goitre and iodine level of drinking water found to have an inverse relationship.

Adolescent↗