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Biomedical subjects

S K Garg

Publications and source records attributed to S K Garg.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Vitreous fluorophotometry in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Correlation with microalbuminuria and diastolic blood pressure.

Vitreous fluorophotometry was performed on 240 eyes of 120 young subjects who had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type I) and various grades of retinopathy. The concentration of fluorescein was measured in the anterior chamber and posterior vitreous 1 hour after intravenous injection of fluorescein. There was a significant association (P less than .001) between the grade of retinopathy and the level of posterior vitreous leakage. The amount of posterior vitreous leakage in each eye also had a significant association with borderline elevation of diastolic blood pressure. Subjects with excessive posterior vitreous leakage had significantly higher levels of urinary microalbumin excretion. In a multiple linear regression analysis for posterior vitreous leakage, retinal grade consistently entered the model at a significant level (P less than or equal to .00001 to .003). Blood pressure also entered the model for posterior vitreous leakage at a significant level for retinal grades of the right and left eyes and of the worst eye. These results demonstrate an association between leakage of retinal and renal vessels, possibly linked at least in part to elevation in diastolic blood pressure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Utilization of sugars by Lactobacillus acidophilus strains.

Utilization of various carbohydrates viz., glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose and galactose by Lactobacillus acidophilus strains was investigated in Lactobacillus Selection Broth. Maximum viable counts, acid production and sugar utilization by different test strains were in the order: glucose greater than or equal to fructose greater than sucrose greater than or equal to lactose greater than galactose. The generation time of the tested strains was shorter in glucose medium as compared to sucrose or lactose medium.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Blood pressure and retinopathy in type I diabetes.

The relationship between blood pressure and diabetic retinopathy was evaluated in 249 young subjects with type I diabetes. Although hypertension is known to be associated with an increased risk for retinopathy, the effects of high-normal blood pressure are unknown. Retinopathy (158 of 249 subjects, 63%) is considerably more common in a young diabetic population than is hypertension (7 of 249 subjects, 2%). Thus, if blood pressure is important in the etiology or progression of diabetic retinopathy, levels below the hypertensive range (less than 141/90 mmHg) must be considered. The combined effect of hypertension and high-normal blood pressure (greater than 90th percentile but less than 141/90 mmHg) was studied. Elevation in diastolic blood pressure, alone, and in combination with elevated systolic blood pressure, correlated significantly (P less than 0.03) with retinopathy. The presence of high-normal blood pressure resulted in a prospectively higher occurrence of retinopathy and of progression of preexisting retinopathy. Glycohemoglobin (HbA1) and duration of diabetes also correlated with retinopathy. Both good glycemic control and maintenance of diastolic blood pressure below the 90th percentile for age may be important in relation to diabetic retinopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Thyroid hormone replacement and growth of children with subclinical hypothyroidism and diabetes.

Growth potential among people with Type 1 diabetes and subclinical hypothyroidism may be significantly reduced. Growth was evaluated in 25 children with diabetes who had thyromegaly and elevated thyrotrophin (TSH) levels. All patients appeared clinically euthyroid except for four with short stature. Basal growth rate was significantly lower (p less than 0.005) in Group 1 (TSH greater than 50 mU l-1) and Group 2 (TSH level 10.1-50 mU l-1) than in patients with TSH levels between 5 and 10 mU l-1 (Group 3) or control diabetic children. Serum thyroxine (T4) levels were significantly lower (p less than 0.05) in Group 1 than in Groups 2 or 3. Significant improvement in growth velocity after thyroxine treatment was observed in Group 1 patients compared with those in Groups 2 or 3 (p less than 0.05). More prepubertal test children demonstrated improved growth after beginning thyroxine compared with matched diabetic controls (p less than 0.02). Postpubertal subjects treated with thyroxine did not show significant differences in growth velocity compared with controls. Z-scores for height were not different (p greater than 0.05; ANOVA) between control and test patients for any of the groups. Early detection of subclinical hypothyroidism by thyromegaly, reduced growth velocity, and elevated TSH levels, with institution of thyroxine treatment, can improve growth in prepubertal diabetic children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Correlation between human placental lactogen levels and glucose metabolism in pregnant women with intrauterine growth retardation.

Twenty pregnant women with fetal growth retardation and 20 pregnant women with appropriate for gestational age fetuses (controls) were recruited after the 28th week of gestation. Samples were collected for estimation of serum insulin and human placental lactogen (HPL) levels in the fasting state and a glucose tolerance test was carried out on all the subjects. The results showed the glucose and HPL levels to be significantly lower in the fetal growth retardation group compared to controls. There were no differences in the fasting serum insulin levels in the 2 groups. Fetal growth retardation appears to be linked with the absence of development of the physiological 'diabetogenic' state in the second half of pregnancy. This maternal hypoglycaemic state is associated with low HPL levels and not with raised maternal insulin levels as measured in the fasting state.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Variations in the life span, enzymes and lipid peroxide levels in ageing Caryedon serratus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae).

In the bruchid Caryedon serratus, life span of males was longer than that of females. Catalase showed an increasing trend with age in both the sexes but the increase was higher in males. However, an opposite trend was observed for lipid peroxide levels. A rapid decline of NADH and succinate dehydrogenases in females is indicative of early depletion of food reserves due to the higher metabolic rate. Thus, in C. serratus, the factors contributing to relatively higher life span of males are efficient homeostatic defence mechanisms and low oxidative damage in males, early maturity and more reproductive demands in females.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

Primaquine: its effect on cellular immune response of normal rhesus monkeys.

The effect of primaquine on the cellular immune responses (lymphocyte subpopulations and their proliferative responses with PHA, Con-A and LPS, and phagocytosis by monocytes) of normal rhesus monkeys was studied under both in-vivo and in-vitro conditions. When the lymphocytes and monocytes from normal animals were treated in-vitro with primaquine, at concentration normally attainable during therapy, a significant inhibition in blastogenic response of lymphocytes and phagocytic capacity of monocytes was noticed after 4 hours of treatment. In contrast, the in-vivo effect of primaquine treatment on these cells was innocuous. From this study it is clear that the primaquine does not act as an immunosuppresant and can be given safely to any type of malaria patient.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Adaptability of buffaloes to climatic stress, as assessed by physiological reactions.

Among the physiological reactions to climate, the haematocrit value had a tendency to increase in the hotter months, though the increase observed was within physiological limits. Rectal temperature did not change to significantly higher levels, during the months with average ambient temperatures in the region of 25.1-31.6 degrees C. Similarly, pulse rates, too, increased in parallel to rising ambient temperatures.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1990

Cyclosporine A for the treatment of new-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

It is not known whether early immunosuppressive treatment can preserve long-term endogenous insulin secretion in subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In the present study, clinical remissions during the first year and C-peptide production for 3 years were followed after 43 subjects with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were randomly assigned to a cyclosporine A treatment group for 4 months or to a control group. Of the six cyclosporine A-treated subjects who had remissions, five were 19 years of age or younger, compared with two of the four in the control group. C-peptide production was present in 98% of all subjects after 4 months, in 88% after 1 year, and in 43% after 3 years. There were no significant differences in numbers of subjects with C-peptide production or in mean hemoglobin A1 levels, between cyclosporine A-treated and control subjects after 3 years. Cyclosporine A treatment of subjects with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus for a period of 4 months does not have the ability to preserve residual beta-cell function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

High-normal blood pressure and early diabetic nephropathy.

The relationship between high-normal blood pressure (BP) levels and early diabetic nephropathy is currently unknown. Blood pressure levels were checked longitudinally for a mean of 6.6 years in 230 subjects to determine their relationship to early diabetic nephropathy as monitored by microalbuminuria. High-normal BP level correlated with the presence of microalbuminuria. Microalbuminuria was 2.8 times as common in subjects with high-normal BP levels compared with those subjects with BP levels below the 90th percentile for their age. The elevated microalbumin excretion was primarily associated with high-normal diastolic BP levels. Our data suggest that either microalbuminuria or high-normal BP levels can precede the other. In a logistics model, diastolic BP and mean HbA1 (over 6.6 years) entered the model at similar levels, followed by duration of diabetes. When the influence of mean HbA1 was removed using logistic regression, the diastolic BP level remained a significant associated factor for the presence of microalbuminuria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Effects of storage time and temperature on measurement of small concentrations of albumin in urine.

Accurate measurement of albumin excretion rates is important in choosing treatment regimens that may reverse early diabetic renal damage. We report here determinations of slight albuminuria ("microalbuminuria") by radioimmunoassay of fresh specimens, frozen aliquots (stored at -20 degrees C for two, eight, and 24 weeks), and refrigerated specimens (stored at 4 degrees C for one, two, and eight weeks). Seven separate analyses were performed on 101 specimens of urine obtained from 37 subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and from 10 nondiabetic healthy controls of a similar age. Storage of urine samples at -20 degrees C resulted in significantly lower measurements of microalbuminuria than in fresh urine (ANOVA, corrected for repeated measures: P = 0.01 to 0.0001). In contrast, storage of urine samples at 4 degrees C for as long as eight weeks did not significantly affect urinary albumin results. The pH values of the specimens were minimally altered and were not a likely cause of the decreased albumin values in the frozen specimens. We conclude that urine specimens for microalbuminuria measurements should either be analyzed as fresh specimens or stored at 4 degrees C and assayed as soon as possible.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Gonadotrophin stimulation in children with abnormal sexual development.

Plasma levels of testosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay before and after 3 days' administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) 2,000 IU/d in 34 prepubertal boys (6 normal, 3 with anorchia, 5 with micropenis, 8 with cryptorchidism, 6 with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and 6 with hypospadias). The increase in plasma testosterone value ranged from 2.4 nmol/l to 10.5 nmol/l in normal boys. There was negligible (P greater than 0.05) response in boys with anorchia compared with normal children. Subjects with micropenis showed subnormal response (P greater than 0.05). Children with cryptorchidism showed a normal increase in testosterone levels (P greater than 0.05), but in those with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and hypospadias the increase was variable (1.2 - 8.8 nmol/l) (P greater than 0.05). Although the HCG stimulation test is not diagnostic in the majority of the sexual disorders, it appears to be sensitive for diagnosing anorchia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Disposition kinetics and urinary excretion of gentamicin in buffalo bulls (Bubalus bubalis).

The disposition kinetics and urinary excretion of gentamicin sulphate were studied in young buffalo bulls following a single intramuscular administration of the drug at 5 mg kg-1 body weight. The time course of the serum gentamicin concentration was adequately described by the one-compartment open model. The values of the absorption and elimination halflives were 12.2 +/- 2.2 and 167.0 +/- 29.7 min respectively. The apparent volume of distribution was 0.29 +/- 0.01 L kg-1. During the first 12 h, 63% of the total administered dose was excreted in urine. On the basis of the kinetic data, a satisfactory intramuscular dosage regimen for gentamicin sulphate would be at least 6 mg kg-1 body weight repeated at 8 h intervals.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

Coagglutination test: a simple and rapid diagnostic technique for goat pox.

The coagglutination test was standardised using Staphylococcus aureus strain Cowan I (containing Protein A) coated with anti-goat pox serum for the detection of goat pox antigen of infected goat skin or kid kidney cell culture antigen. Agglutination was observed within 10 seconds in virus dilutions up to 10(-6). As the test is easy to perform it can be used for rapid diagnosis of goat pox.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1989

Effect of pinealectomy, eye enucleation, and melatonin treatment on ovarian activity and vitellogenin levels in the catfish exposed to short photoperiod or long photoperiod.

To investigate the relative importance of pineal, and eyes, and melatonin treatment on ovarian activity, catfish. Heteropneustes fossilis subjected to pinealectomy, eye enucleation, or both were exposed to short (LD 9:15) or long (LD 14:10) photoperiod during the different stages of the annual reproductive cycle. During the preparatory period, pinealectomy accelerated ovarian recrudescence under long photoperiod, but no effects of pinealectomy were observed under short photoperiod. Pineal has no influence on ovarian activity during the prespawning and spawning periods of the reproductive cycle. In the late postspawning period, ovarian recrudescence is accelerated after pinealectomy in catfish maintained under short photoperiod (LD 9:15 at 25 degrees C). But under long photoperiod (LD 14:10 at 25 degrees C), pinealectomy delayed ovarian recrudescence. An investigation into the role of the eyes revealed that eye enucleation nullifies the inhibitory effects of LD 9:15 and represses the stimulatory effects of LD 14:10. Combined surgery inhibited ovarian development under both the regimes. It is significant that pinealectomy and/or blinding neither counteracted nor delayed the postspawning ovarian regression. The findings suggest that the role of the pineal in catfish reproduction is variable and depends upon the photoperiod to which they are exposed as well as on the time of the year and the stage of the reproductive cycle. It is concluded that extraretinal and extrapineal photoreceptors also are involved in influencing seasonal reproduction. Further, no effects of melatonin treatment on ovarian activity or on vitellogenin levels during the preparatory or prespawning periods were observed, indicating that the pineal effects on gonadal activity in catfish may not be mediated through the secretion of melatonin.

Animals↗