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Biomedical subjects

S Joshi

Publications and source records attributed to S Joshi.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Activation of potassium-dependent H+ efflux from mitochondria by cadmium and phenylarsine oxide.

Addition of Cd2+ or phenylarsine oxide (PhAsO) to respiring rat liver mitochondria results first in acidification of the medium (H+ efflux) followed by disappearance of H+ (discharge of the pH gradient or uncoupling). The first phase of H+ efflux is dependent upon the presence of K+ in the medium, and is not seen in the presence of valinomycin, which is consistent with the conclusion that H+ efflux is linked to membrane potential-dependent uptake of K+. These effects are abolished by low levels of 2,3-dimercaptopropanol but potentiated by excess of 2-mercaptoethanol, showing involvement of a dithiol type of group in the response. Mersalyl produces only the H+ efflux, and subsequent addition of Cd2+ of PhAsO produces collapse of the delta pH.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Hypolipidemic activity of guggal resin (Commiphora mukul) and garlic (Alium sativum linn.) in dogs (Canis familiaris) and monkeys (Presbytis entellus entellus Dufresne).

1. The identification of cholesterol as a constituent in the genesis of coronary artery disease in man and experimental animals are well documented. 2. The hypolipidemic effects of Commiphora mukul (guggulu) and Alium sativum (Garlic powder) were screened in dog and Presbytis monkeys. 3. Progressive decrease in the mean values of cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids were conspicuous for forty eight hours following the administration of guggulu/garlic powder. 4. 25 mg/kg body weight garlic powder was more effective in lowering the serum cholesterol and triglycerides as compared with that of guggulu. 5. A comparative hypolipidemic action of the two compounds is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Kidney metabolism of acetaminophen and phenacetin.

The metabolism of acetaminophen and phenacetin by rabbit kidney slices was investigated. Phenacetin, like aspirin, inhibited [131I] Hippuran accumulation by the organic acid transport system. Phenacetin exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition with a K1 of 0.5 mM; acetaminophen at concentrations as high as 1 mM did not alter organic acid transport. [3H] acetaminophen slice: media ratios of approximately 1 or less suggested that acetaminophen entered cortex and outer and inner medullary slices by diffusion rather than active transport. Approximately 95% of the acetaminophen within the slices readily diffused out into the media. The chromatographic patterns of this material were similar to that of the incubation media. The acetaminophen remaining within the slices was acid-precipitable and not extractable with organic solvents. This covalent binding of acetaminophen was inhibited by glutathione. More acetaminophen was bound in the renal medullar than cortex. These data suggest that the renal metabolism of acetaminophen observed in this in vitro study may be related to the nephritis observed in analgesic abuse.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1975

[Emissions from combustion of indoor dust (author's transl)].

Combustion of dust is an old problem which has gained a new importance since the introduction of electric storage heaters for space heating. Physico-chemical changes caused by heating indoor dust in a model apparatus were investigated. Four dust samples of different origins were heated at three temperatures (200, 400, 600 degrees C) for three residence times (5, 15, 30 min). The higher the temperature, the higher the weight loss expressed as percentage (15 to 75%). The residence time had no effect on the loss. Three dust samples showed pH of about 7 before heated, while the fourth showed pH of about 10. After heating to 200 degrees C, the pH of one of the samples rose from 7 to 10. When heated to 400 and 600 degrees C, all the samples showed pH values between 10 and 11. The residence time had no effect. The pH of the gaseous reaction products did not show uniform pattern at 200 degrees C. At 400 degrees C, the measured pH was between 7.5 and 8.5, while at 600 degrees C no further change was observed. Changes in pH took place during the first fifteen minutes. Chemical analysis of the reaction products with help of detector tubes indicated that dust samples when heated emit carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and ammonia.

Air↗