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Biomedical subjects

S Jones

Publications and source records attributed to S Jones.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Preparing the patient for a barium enema: a comparison of nurse and patient opinions.

The purpose of this research was to explore possible differences in nurse versus patient opinions about patient education information appropriate for the barium enema procedure. Twenty-eight nurses and 30 patients participated in the study. Findings showed that nurses believed a patient should have more information than the patients believed a patient needs, and that patients wanted only minimal detailed information about events that will happen during the procedure. Rather, patients were interested in knowing the benefits and purpose of the procedure while nurses believed that this information should be provided by the physician and not the nurse. Finally, nurses were dissatisfied, in general, about their patient education information that they have given to patients in the past for a barium enema procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Observations on the isoenzymes of aspartate aminotransferase in equine tissues and serum.

The distribution of the isoenzymes of aspartate aminotransferase (AST, E.C. 2.6.1.1.) in equine tissues has been studied to ascertain whether the organ of origin may be identified when the total AST activity of serum is raised. Most tissues contain 3 isoenzymes of cytoplasmic origin (cAST) with isoelectric points of 5.6, 5.7 and 5.9, and one isoenzyme of mitochondrial (mAST) origin with an isoelectric point of 9. Serum from horses with azoturia contained an additional cytoplasmic subform with an isoelectric point of 5.8. This form could not be generated by ageing, freezing and thawing or binding of the enzyme to gamma globulins or lipids. The ratio of cAST to mAST when separated by ion exchange chromatography varies widely between tissues, with no cAST detection in lung and no mAST detection in serum. Ageing of equine muscle homogenates caused the formation of 2 artefactual subforms with isoelectric points of 6.0 and 6.1. It is concluded that, although the ratio of mitochondrial to cytoplasmic AST varies between tissues, there is no tissue specificity of either cytoplasmic or mitochondrial isoenzymes and examination of serum would not indicate the source.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Cardiac pacing in children.

Twenty patients aged between 12 months and 13 years underwent permanent pacemaker implantation. The main indication for pacing was post-surgical atrioventricular block. The complication rate was high and related mainly to infections and lead system problems. The use of small multiprogrammable pacemakers is expected to reduce the reoperation rate for system malfunction and elective replacement. Newer methods of electrode insertion and active fixation devices in smaller diameter leads make endocardial pacing a practical alternative to epicardial pacing in the larger child who did not require a pacing system at the time of surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Combined light and electron microscope in routine histopathology.

We report our experience with a prototype combined light and electron microscope (the LEM 2000) with particular reference to its application to routine surgical histopathology. We found its major advantages over conventional transmission electron microscopies were due to the large grid size (7 mm diameter), low magnification capacity (x 250), and the built-in microprocessor for recording areas of interest. These features combine to reduce sampling errors and greatly facilitate orientation and relocation of fields of diagnostic importance.

Histological Techniques↗
PubMed1981

Detection of antibodies to myelin basic protein by solid-phase radioimmunoassay with [125I]protein A.

A solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the detection of antibodies to myelin basic protein (MBP) in sera has been developed employing MBP-coated flexible polyvinylchloride microtiter trays and [125I]protein-A as the radiolabel. [125I]Protein-A directly binds to the Fc region of serum IgG from several animal species and serves as an excellent reagent for detecting antibody. It can also be used to bind to a second antibody ligand, thereby making it useful even when it does not bind directly to the primary antibody Fc region. The use of one preparation of [125I]protein-A label allows sera from several species to be tested for antibodies to MBP simultaneously, thereby making this RIA technically simple, rapid and economical. This assay has been particularly useful in examining serum samples from animals with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and hypomyelinogenisis congenita. In patients with multiple sclerosis low levels of antibody to MBP can be detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and acid-eluted extracts from brain plaque material; detection of low levels of antibody in human serum has not been possible due to non-specific binding of human serum Ig in this RIA.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Prolongation of skin allograft survival in H-2 K and I region-incompatible mice by pretransplant blood transfusion.

The effect of donor specific and nonspecific pretransplant blood transfusion on skin allograft survival was studied in a mouse model, using skin donor-recipient combinations that differed at the K and I regions of the H-2 complex. In the first series of experiments, B6AF1 mice were treated with antilymphocyte serum (ALS) and grafted with DBA/2 skin. This donor-recipient combination differs in the K and I regions of the H-2 complex. Recipients were transfused 10 days before grafting with donor-specific DBA/2 blood or blood from various donors which were either completely incompatible at the H-2 complex with DBA/2 or shared various H-2 specificities with DBA/2. Only donor-specific DBA/2 blood or blood from donors sharing the K and I regions of the H-2 with DBA/2 prolonged DBA/2 skin graft survival. Donor-specific blood was effective over a wide interval between transfusion and grafting (days -50 to -10). In a second series of experiments using congenic strains of mice, the effect of pretransplant transfusions was studied in the B10.D2 to B10.A combination. These strains differ at the K and I region of the H-2, but share the same minor histocompatibility antigens. ALS-treated B10.A recipients were transfused either with donor-specific B10.D2 blood or blood from B10.BR which shares the minor histocompatibility antigens with B10.D2, but differs in the major antigens or DBA/2 blood which shares the majority histocompatibility antigens with B10.D2, but differs in the minor antigens. Only donor-specific blood or blood from the DBA/2 donor sharing the major antigens with the skin donor prolonged graft survival.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

An unusual cause of pacemaker current leakage causing muscle stimulation.

Stimulation of skeletal muscle is a fairly common complication of permanent cardiac pacing. The usual cause is direct apposition of the anode of a unipolar pacemaker with muscle surrounding the pocket. Other causes include electrode insulation defects and electrode displacement. In this report we describe an unusual cause of muscle stimulation related to direct current leakage from the pacemaker.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

An investigation of the acute behavioural effects of styrene on factory workers.

A group of men exposed to styrene in a factory building glass-fibre boats performed a series of behavioural tests at the beginning and end of their shift, and the results were compared with those of a referent group from the same factory. Changes in mood were noted in both groups of workers but were greater in the exposed men; moreover, the change in mood was correlated with blood styrene concentration. In the styrene workers the morning reaction time was slower than that for the referents. During the day the reaction time of the men with low blood styrene concentration (less than or equal to 5.4 mumol/l) speeded up and in the afternoon was similar to that of the referents; the reaction time for the men with high blood styrene concentration (greater than or equal to 5.5 mumol/l) was unchanged. Data taken from a questionnaire indicated that the men exposed were much more likely than was the referent group to report feeling unduly tired. They also reported feeling more tired on Friday night than Monday night, suggesting that the styrene might have a cumulative effect through the week.

Behavior↗
PubMed1980

An external quality-control scheme for tricyclic antidepressants.

Some hospital clinical pharmacology departments operate quality-control schemes to monitor the efficiency of their own and outside pharmacological laboratories in analysing specimens, to maintain or improve quality of performance and to compare the reliability of different methods. The Department of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, has been operating a quality-control scheme in which the results from some 18 or more laboratories in analysing the mixed tricyclic-antidepressant content of spiked sera were compared for reliability, six methods being used in all. The measures employed were the overall standard deviation and coefficient of variation, a small coefficient of variation indicating a good quality of performance. Sera contained either amitriptyline and nortriptyline, or imipramine and desipramine. The coefficients of variation were considerably smaller than those reported previously and were greater for external than internal laboratories, while laboratories where tricyclic antidepressants are assayed routinely had a low variation. The skill and experience of the analyst are therefore important. Although there is room for improvement in the scheme, it has already provided valuable objective measures of performance and emphasized the need for a self-critical approach.

Amitriptyline↗
PubMed1979

Histological appearances of the gastric mucosa 15--27 years after partial gastrectomy.

Sixty-three patients, who had had a partial gastrectomy 15--27 years previously, were examined by endoscopy and multiple mucosal biopsies. No patient had a completely normal gastric mucosa; they showed varying degrees of gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia: 21% had significant dysplasia, and these are regarded as an 'at-risk' group requiring frequent follow-up examinations. One patient had severe dysplasia (carcinoma-in-situ), but no case of infiltrating carcinoma was found.

Adult↗