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Biomedical subjects

S Jain

Publications and source records attributed to S Jain.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Red cell membrane stiffness in iron deficiency.

The purpose of this study was to characterize red blood cell (RBC) deformability by iron deficiency. We measured RBC deformability to ektacytometry, a laser diffraction method for determining the elongation of suspended red cells subjected to shear stress. Isotonic deformability of RBC from iron-deficient human subjects was consistently and significantly lower than that of normal controls. In groups of rats with severe and moderate dietary iron deficiency, RBC deformability was also reduced in proportion to the severity of iron deficiency. At any given shear stress value, deformability of resealed RBC ghosts from both iron-deficient humans and rats was lower than that of control ghosts. However, increase of applied shear stress resulted in progressive increase in ghost deformation, indicating that ghost deformability was primarily limited by membrane stiffness rather than by reduced surface area-to-volume ratio. This was consistent with the finding that iron-deficient cells had a normal membrane surface area. In addition, the reduced mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and buoyant density of the iron-deficient rat cells indicated that a high hemoglobin concentration was not responsible for impaired whole cell deformability. Biochemical studies of rat RBC showed increased membrane lipid and protein crosslinking and reduced intracellular cation content, findings that are consistent with in vivo peroxidative damage. RBC from iron-deficient rats incubated in vitro with hydrogen peroxide showed increased generation of malonyldialdehyde, an end-product of lipid peroxidation, compared to control RBC. Taken together, these findings suggest that peroxidation could contribute in part to increased membrane stiffness in iron-deficient RBC. This reduced membrane deformability may in turn contribute to impaired red cell survival in iron deficiency.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1982

Operant conditioning for management of a noncompliant rehabilitation case after stroke.

An operant conditioning model was used to design and implement a multidisciplinary intervention with a 53-year-old woman who was a difficult rehabilitation client after a cerebrovascular accident. She was depressed, noncompliant in learning ADL's refused to eat, and except for physical therapy (PT), was frequently absent from therapies or unmotivated if present. In a unified program, good performances in ADL's were rewarded with small privileges, increased eating was rewarded with extra PT, and attendance and good performance in therapies were rewarded with tokens exchangeable for weekend passes. Immediately after initiation of the program, there was a dramatic increase in appropriate behaviors.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1981

D-penicillamine treatment improves survival in primary biliary cirrhosis.

The copper-chelating, immunological, and antifibrotic effects of D-penicillamine indicated that it might be suitable for the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). In a randomised clinical trail, 55 PBC patients received penicillamine (600 mg daily), and 32 received a placebo. Drug reactions developed in 16 patients on penicillamine. All deaths occurred in patients with stage 3 or 4 (late stage) liver histology on entry to the study. 5 (14%) of 37 penicillamine-treated patients and 10 (43%) of 23 placebo patients have died (p less than 0.01). Improvement in survival only became evident after 18 months. Survivors in the penicillamine group demonstrated a significant fall in serum aspartate transaminase, serum immunoglobulins, and liver copper concentrations. On follow-up liver biopsy 12-72 months (median 33) after joining the study, 21% of penicillamine-treated patients had less pronounced inflammation and piecemeal necrosis, whereas there had been no improvement in patients on placebo (p less than 0.02). Penicillamine did not retard the histological evolution of the liver disease from the early prefibrotic stages to the late fibrotic or cirrhotic stages. Both the copper-chelating and immunological effects of penicillamine are probably important in improving survival. The excellent prognosis of patients with PBC in its early histological stages, and the failure of penicillamine to prevent histological progression from early to late stages, suggests that penicillamine treatment should not be given to patients with PBC in the early (stage 1 or 2) histological phase of the disease. Penicillamine treatment is recommended in patients once liver biopsy has demonstrated histological results typical of late stage 3 or 4 PBC.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1981

Creation of caverno-glandular shunt for treatment of priapism.

Caverno-glandular shunt was performed in 8 patients with priapism during the past 3 years. Complete and sustained detumescence was achieved immediately in all patients. Only one case developed a complication, viz. cavernositis which responded to antibiotic administration systemically as well as locally. This procedure was performed under local anaesthesia in 5 patients. The technical details and advantages of this procedure over conventional operations for priapism are discussed.

Adult↗