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Biomedical subjects

S Iwarson

Publications and source records attributed to S Iwarson.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Liver function during treatment with cefuroxime.

The liver function was studied in 15 patients before and during treatment with cefuroxime. Four elderly patients had a prolonged half-life of galactose at admission but they all showed declining values during the cefuroxime treatment. Only in one patient did the galactose half-life increase during treatment (from 14 to 25 min.). This patient was an old diabetic who also had prostatic cancer. Cefuroxime treatment seems to be well tolerated also in patients with signs of impaired metabolic liver function at start of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Carrier state of hepatitis B virus--an interesting host-parasite relationship.

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) does not seem to be cytopathic and the hepatocellular injury is probably mediated by cellular immune effector mechanisms (possibly specific for hepatocyte surface membrane autoantigens). Even if these host reactions are not fully understood, the hepatitis B virus have been shown to possess some unique characteristics indicating the possibility of a new type of infectious agent.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1979

Outcome of Listeria monocytogenes infection in compromised and non-compromised adults; a comparative study of seventy-two cases.

The mortality in listeric meningitis and septicaemia, the two main clinical manifestations of the infection, is generally considered to be high. However, co-existing disorders rather than the listeric infection itself seem to determine the outcome. In the present study of 72 listeric infections among non-pregnant adults, 28 patients without co-existing disease had a fatality rate of 10.7% as compared to 57.9% among 19 immunocompromised individuals. Finally, in a third group of listeric patients, including alcoholics and people with heart disease or diabetes mellitus, the fatality rate was 24.0%.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Antibody against hepatitis A in seven European countries. I. Comparison of prevalence data in different age groups.

Using a solid phase radioimmunoassay, antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) was determined in 3890 sera from populations in seven European countries. Prevalence of anti-HAV was lowest in Scandinavian countries and highest in Greece and France. Antibodies were found in 77 (13%) of 602 blood donors in Sweden, in 29 (17%) of 175 blood donors and women taking birth control pills in Norway, in 273 (39%) of 700 blood donors in Switzerland, in 262 (52%) of 505 blood donors in Holland, in 365 (55%) of 661 accident patients in West Germany, in 452 (75%) of 600 blood donors in France and in 530 (82%) of 647 persons in Greece. Prevalence of anti-HAV increased with age in all populations tested, indicating nearly total exposure to HAV in persons over 19 years of age in Greece and in persons over 39 years of age in West Germany, Holland and France. Antibody was found more frequently in rural than in urban populations in Greece and Switzerland. Calculation of the age-specific incidence of HAV infections suggests a remarkable decline in the exposure rate in the last few decades.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Multiple attacks of jaundice associated with repeated sulfonamide treatment.

Four women who were treated with sulfonamides because of recurrent urinary tract infections experienced adverse liver reactions with jaundice during their third, fourth and fifth course of treatment, respectively. In spite of this, sulfonamide treatment was reinitiated some years later. Adverse liver reactions with jaundice recurred on all occasions. The clinical picture of the liver reactions was indistinguishable from that of viral hepatitis and a hepatitis-like reaction was also seen histologically. Signs of fibrosis appeared histologically after a third attack of jaundice associated with sulfonamides in one patient, but otherwise no persisting abnormalities were noted.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Progression of hepatitis non-A, non-B to chronic active hepatitis: a histological follow-up of two cases.

Two patients with histologically verified acute hepatitis but without any serological evidence of hepatitis A or hepatitis B infection are described. In both cases the acute attack of hepatitis type 'non-A, non-B' progressed histologically and clinically to chronic active hepatitis within a two-year period. One of the patients died from liver insufficiency a year later, while the other is still alive after eight years of follow-up. The two cases illustrate that a progression of acute hepatitis 'non-A, non-B' to chronic liver disease may occur just as has been reported for hepatitis B infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Humoral immunoreactivity in chronic active hepatitis: relation to HLA antigens.

43 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) exhibited significantly higher levels of antibodies against measles and polio type 2 und 3 when compared to 43 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. No significant differences were found for antibodies against polio type 1, rubella, herpes simplex, mumps virus, and tetanus. There was no correlation between antibody levels and the presence of HLA-B8 and/or HLA-B12. The antibody response to vaccination with polio vaccine (killed) and tetanus toxoid was not higher in CAH patients carrying HLA-B8 and/or HLA-B12 than in patients without these antigens. The results indicate that CAH is associated with an increased immunoreactivity, which is, however, not linked to HLA-B8 and/or HLA-B12.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Determination of HBeAg by radioimmunoassay: prognostic implications in hepatitis B.

A radioimmunoassay was used to determine the presence of the hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and anti-HBe in the serum of 12 hepatitis B patients, who were follofed from an early phase of the illness into convalescence. The duration of detectable HBeAg in serum from these patients, in all ow whom the disease ran a normal course, was compared with the persistence of HBeAg in serum of nine patients with a protracted course and persistence of HBsAg in serum for more than 1 year. None of the hepatitis B patients with a normal course of the disease had HBeAg demonstrable for more than 9 weeks after the onset of illness (mean 5.4 weeks), whereas all patients developing chronic hepatitis had HBeAg in serum for more than 1 year after the onset of illness. These findings indicate that the detection of HBeAg in serum by radioimmunoassay for 10 weeks or more after the onset of illness implies a great risk of progression of the hepatitis B infection to chronic liver disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Passive--active immunization in a neonate treated with repeated doses of high-titred hepatitis B immune globulin.

A newborn infant, born to a HBsAg-positive drug addict with HBeAg and DNA-polymerase activity in serum, was treated with repeated very high doses of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIg). The mother turned HBsAg-negative about 8 months after deliver and the HBIg prophylaxis was then discontinued. A check-up of the infant about a year later revealed normal liver function tests but significantly increased levels of antibodies against HBcAg and HBsAg indicating a post subclinical hepatitis B infection, apparently without harm to the infant.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1979

Clinical, epidemiological and prognostic aspects of hepatitis "non-A, non-B"--a comparison with hepatitis A and B.

Sera of 480 hospitalized hepatitis patients were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) and anti-HAV of IgM-class. Serological markers indicating hepatitis A infection were found in 107 (22.3%) and markers indicating hepatitis B in 297 patients (61.9%), while 63 patients (13.1%) were classified as hepatitis type "non-A, non-B". The latter group mainly comprised drug addicts (50.8%), cases of post-transfusion hepatitis (11.1%) and patients without obvious hepatitis exposure (28.6%). In spite of these epidemiological similarities to hepatitis B, the maximum levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and bilirubin were comparable to those in patients with hepatitis A and significantly lower than in hepatitis B infection. Chronic hepatitis developed in 7.1% of the "non-A, non-B" patients, a figure close to that reported for hepatitis B.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Nitrofurantoin-induced chronic liver disease. Clinical course and outcome of five cases.

Adverse liver reactions associated with nitrofurantoin treatment are rare but important complications. Both acute and chronic liver damage have been described. The present report describes five patients who developed chronic liver disease after 1 to 3 years of continued nitrofurantoin treatment. Liver histology was consistent with chronic active hepatitis in four patients, while postnecrotic cirrhosis was observed in one case. Follow-up examinations 2 to 3 years after withdrawal of the drug showed marked improvement clinically and in most cases also histologically.

Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury↗
PubMed1979

Intestinal villous atrophy in chronic active hepatitis.

Three out of 16 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) had total or subtotal villous atrophy in a suction biopsy taken from the upper jejunum. One of the three patients had a history of intestinal dysfunction. The patients with abnormal intestinal mucosa had lower levels of serum albumin and higher levels of IgG than patients without intestinal mucosal changes. The occurrence of intestinal villous atrophy in CAH may be due to a genetically determined disposition to CAH and coeliac disease associated with HLA-B8, which was carried by all three patients. The present findings have led to trials with gluten-free diet in CAH associated with intestinal villous atrophy.

Adolescent↗