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Biomedical subjects

S Huber

Publications and source records attributed to S Huber.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

The anti-proteolytic behavior of lathyrogens.

The lathyrogens, beta-aminopropionitrile and alpha-aminoacetonitrile inhibit both the esterolytic and proteolytic activity of trypsin at a concentration of 100 mM. Lineweaver-Burk plots demonstrate that inhibition is competitive, with alpha-aminoacetonitrile being the more potent inhibitor. The enzyme associated with and capable of digesting tropoelastin is inhibited by both lathyrogens when tested against its natural substrate, tropoelastin. Administration of alpha-aminoacetonitrile-HCl to the diet of young chicks (0.1% w/w) resulted in a 62% increase in the yield of tropoelastin and significant reduction in fatality as compared to beta-aminopropionitrile-fumarate.

Acetonitriles↗
PubMed1979

A quantitative assay for tumor antigen based on inhibition of cytotoxicity of sensitized lymphocytes.

Specific inhibition of cell-mediated cytotoxicity can be used as a quantitative measure of soluble tumor antigen if highly cytolytic cells are obtained. In vitro secondary stimulation of spleen cells sensitized in vivo to the syngeneic 13762A mammary adenocarcinoma results in a lymphocyte population consistently more cytolytic than lymphocytes after primary stimulation. Maximal cytolysis requires removal of dead lymphocytes from the effector population. Soluble tumor antigen (STA) is detected only in supernatants of 13762A mammary tumor cultures grown in the presence of the proteolytic enzyme inhibitor, epsilon-amino caproic acid. Soluble MTM antigen preparations block lymphocytes immune to the mammary tumor but not lymphocytes immune to a second mammary adenocarcinoma (R3230) or to allogeneic spleen cells. Soluble antigen preparations from other tumors do not inhibit lymphocytes specifically cytolytic to the 13762A tumor. Additional evidence that the STA preparation contains tumor antigen is its ability to induce specific cytolytic lymphocytes and partial protection from challenge with live MTA tumor cells.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Microcytotoxicity assay for cell-mediated immunity enumerating residual target number by 86Rb.

Lymphocyte-mediated lysis of target cells grown as monolayers in microtiter wells is readily quantitated by an assay measuring the 86Rb incorporated after attaining isotopic equilibrium. Lysis of fibroblasts by allogeneic lymphocytes sensitized by skin grafts and of tumor cells by syngeneic spleen cells sensitized by intraperitoneal tumor inoculation were readily detected. Weakly cytolytic lymphocyte populations can be assayed by increasing incubation times to 48 h or longer. A potential problem, 86Rb incorporation by lymphocytes sticking to residual target cells, was controlled by comparing 86Rb incorporation by targets incubated with non-immune lymphocytes. Results by 86Rb incorporation were identical to those determined by microscopic counting or 51Cr release. 86Rb incorporation assays should be considered as an alternate to 51Cr release techniques, especially in those experimental systems where the cytolytic potential of a lymphocyte population is so low that lysis can be detected only after long incubation times and/or when the spontaneous release of 51Cr is prohibitively high.

Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic↗
PubMed1975

Controlled drug release from polymeric delivery devices. III: In vitro-in vivo correlation for intravaginal release of ethynodiol diacetate from silicone devices in rabbits.

Forty female rabbits were implanted with silicone vaginal devices containing ethynodiol diacetate for up to 8 weeks. As predicted from in vitro studies, a Q - t1/2 (matrix-controlled) release profile was observed in vivo. The in vivo drug release profile was compared with in vitro data measured at three hydrodynamic conditions, and the diffusional resistance across the vaginal wall was estimated. Drug released from silicone devices yielded a prolonged plasma level when compared with data following intravaginal or intravenous administration of a solution dose. The rate constant for elimination was unchanged. The plasma concentration of the drug was related to the intravaginal drug release profile both theoretically and experimentally and was above the concentration required to inhibit fertilization.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Monitoring antibiotic usage in the hospital.

The authors outline the quality indicators being developed by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations to compare hospital performance. The Joint Commission has provided several incentives to encourage antibiotic monitoring based on criteria derived from standard practice, as defined in the literature, and on the clinical judgment of the medical staff. In addition, the drug review process should be continuous and should encompass all areas of drug use in the hospital, including effectiveness in terms of disease outcome as well as cost efficiency. The authors discuss procedures under development in their institution to promote cost efficiency and informed discussion regarding clinical use of antibiotics on the formulary. Microbiology reporting, drug use, requests for nonformulary drugs, and unusual patterns of infection and sensitivities are tracked to identify problem areas and a feedback loop is used to inform the medical staff.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Locally advanced breast carcinoma: evaluation of mammography in the prediction of residual disease after induction chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to assess the mammographic features of locally advanced breast carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and to evaluate morphological criteria that determine the value of mammography in therapy monitoring. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the pre- and post-therapeutic mammograms of 44 patients with stage III-breast carcinoma with regard to tumor characteristics and malignant calcifications and compared to histopathological results. RESULTS: Delineation of the tumor proved to be the most significant criterion. In 34 tumors more than 50% of the lesion was defined; these showed a high correlation between the mammographically determined tumor diameter and that determined on histopathological examination (r = 0.77). Less than 50% of the mass was definable in 14 tumors; here the correlation between mammographically and histopathologically determined tumor diameter was low (r = -0.19). CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic value of mammography in the evaluation of tumor response to induction chemotherapy depends primarily on the extent to which the tumor can be delineated from the adjacent breast tissue. For tumors whose margins can be defined by more than 50% on the baseline mammogram, the diagnostic reliability of mammography is high. Ill-defined masses should preferably be assessed with other imaging procedures such as ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Osseous metastases in breast cancer: radiographic monitoring of therapeutic response.

BACKGROUND: Standard radiographs are primary means of evaluation of therapy-induced changes of the skeletal structure in patients with breast cancer metastatic to the bone, but objective quantitation has been difficult to standardize. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serial radiographs of therapy-induced changes in the structure of bone metastases secondary to breast cancer were analyzed in 274 patients over a period of 10 years and roentgenologic signs of tumor response evaluated with regard to a defined principal metastasis. RESULTS: Indicators of regression were recalcification/reossification of primary osteolysis (11.6%), the formation of marginal sclerosis around the defect (13.5%) and lack of progression over a period of up to at least 12 months (10.5%). Reduction of sclerosis or structural loosening in primary osteosclerotic metastases (2.5%) may also be evidence of regression. Recurrence or progression of tumor was manifested by new metastases and/or increase in lesion size (56.9%) as well as development of lytic areas in primarily sclerotic or mixed metastases (2.5%). One hundred and one out of 157 patients with initially sclerotic or mixed metastases stayed stable or showed a response which lasted 12 months or longer. The duration of response in osteolytic lesions was less favourable. Irradiation and complex treatment (chemotherapy or hormonal therapy plus irradiation) was most often associated with a favourable objective response, 75%, which in 8 cases reflected nonprogression of disease, recalcification of primary osteolysis in 11 cases, the formation of marginal sclerosis around the defect in 8 lesions and disappearance of metastases in 1 case. CONCLUSION: Standard radiographs are useful in the serial evaluation of the effectiveness of therapy for osseous metastases in that anatomic quantitation of lesions as well as the dynamic evolution of lytic lesions to blastic healing may be observed

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Central conduction time in progressive supranuclear palsy.

Progressive nuclear palsy (PSP) is a parkinson-like extrapyramidal disorder with pathological evidence of brain stem demyelination. We studied brain stem auditory (BAEP) and somatosensory (SSEP) evoked potentials in 8 patients with progressive supra-nuclear palsy to look for evidence of such central demyelination. We found minor alterations in BAEPs and frequently abnormal SSEPs, suggestive of brain stem white matter involvement in this disorder. Evoked potentials may assist in the differentiation of PSP from other parkinsonian conditions.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Complications in patients with cloth-covered Starr-Edwards prostheses.

Ninety-six patients were followed for an average of 45 months after insertion of cloth-covered Starr-Edwards prostheses (SE 2300, 2310, 2320, 2400, 6300, 6320, 6400). Operative mortality was 1%, hospital mortality 5.2% and late mortality (45 months) 13.5%. We observed a high incidence of valve disfunction as evidenced by a removal rate of 23% after six years. Disfunction was most reliably detected by abnormal prosthetic sounds and/or murmurs of incompetence at the prostheses. Thromboembolism occurred in 14% of the patients over 6 years and increased hemolysis was found in 18.8% of patients. It is concluded that the low incidence of thromboembolism does probably not out-weight the high incidence of valve disfunction.

Female↗