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Biomedical subjects

S Hofmann

Publications and source records attributed to S Hofmann.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Postnatal developmental changes in the posterior cranial fossa area. I. Facies posterior partis petrosae (porus et meatus acusticus internus, fossa subarcuata, apertura externa aqueductus vestibuli, apertura externa canaliculi cochleae)].

1. In the newborn the lateral edge of the internal acoustic pore is located about 13.3 mm, in the 2-year-old about 22.5 mm and in the adults about 28.5 (22 to 34) mm from the paramedian plane of the skull. Also the mean distance from the lateral wall of the skull increases from about 13 to 30 mm in the postnatal period. 2. Without the postnatal development of height and width of the internal acoustic pore the postnatal extension (from a mean value of 5 mm in the newborn to about 10 mm in the 15- to 17-year-old) also the postnatal development of height and width of the internal acoustic meatus were measured. 3. Size, width and position of the subarcuata fossa, the external aperture of the aqueduct of the vestibulum just as the external aperture of the cochlear canaliculus were determined. The results were discussed in detail with the datas of former investigators.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Cytological diagnosis of thyroiditis (author's transl)].

In 2347 patients fine needle aspiration of the thyroid gland was performed. In 49 cases (2.1%), a final diagnosis of thyroiditis was established. Non-specific granulomatous thyroiditis occurred most frequently (n = 24), followed by lymphocytic hypertrophic thyroiditis Hashimoto (n = 18), focal lymphocytic (n = 5), atrophic lymphocytic (n = 1) and chronic fibrosing thyroiditis (n = 1). Fine needle aspiration biopsy is most suited to diagnose granulomatous thyroiditis. In Hashimoto's thyroiditis cytological investigations are superior to estimation of thyroglobulin antibodies. The cytological method is of little value for the diagnosis of atrophic lymphocytic and chronic fibrosing thyroiditis.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1979

[Non bacterial thyreoiditis, diagnosis and differential diagnosis (author's transl)].

Retrospective analysis of signs, symptoms, and laboratory data (BSR, thyroid scan, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, TRH-test and antibodies against thyroglobulin) was performed on 68 individuals. Diagnosis of subacute and of chronic thyreoiditis was proven in 26 patients and 21 patients respectively by cytological examination. It was excluded by the same procedure in 21 patients, in whom there were some indications of these two kinds of thyroiditis. The following mosaic of clinical and laboratory parameters showed a sensitivity of 0.73 at specificity of 0.95 for diagnosis and exclusion of the two diseases: spontaneous pain, pain by palpation, fever, elevated BSR, thyroid scan, free thyroxine index, and TRH-test.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Bone scintigraphy with 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate in parodontopathy (author's transl)].

In a total of 20 patients (of these 8 without parodontopathy and 12 with parodontitis marginalis profunda), a quantitative scintigraphy of the jaw bones was carried out after application of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate with a gamma camera computer system. In 8 patients without parodontopathies, approximately the same metabolic activity in the bone was found in the os occipitale as well as in the mandible and maxilla. The 12 patients with parodontitis marginalis profunda showed in contrast to this an appreciable raised bone metabolism in the region of the affected jaw bone. This finding was in agreement with corresponding alterations in the X-ray of the jaw. The use of bone scintigraphy in marginal parodontopathies thus provides in addition to the radiological finding information on processes of bone transformation and degradation which can be registered quantitatively. Digital analysis enables control of the course of therapie.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[The normal liver-spleen scintigram with the gamma camera (author's transl)].

In 104 patients without liver disease, liver spleen scintigrams were analysed according to uniform criteria. The scintigrams were taken after application of 99mTc-sulfur colloid in at least six projections with the gamma camera and coupled data processing. As a significant difference compared to scanner scintigraphy, a non-homogeneous storage pattern is frequently also found in the healthy liver, especially in the ventral projection. Superimpositions or impressions caused by extra- or intrahepatic structures were also more frequent and more pronounced than with scanner scintigraphy. As expected, there were no appreciable differences with regard to the liver forms. The following quantitative parameters were determined (mean +/- SD): maximum vertical diameter of the liver: 199 +/- 20.0 mm, maximum horizontal diameter: 219 +/- 19.8 mm; liver area (ventral projection): 187 +/- 27.3 cm2; spleen area (dorsal projection): 55.3 +/- 15.9 cm2; index of liver size (liver area divided by the normal weight of the patient as determined from a given table): mean +/- SD = 2.69 +/- 0.58 (ventral projection); spleen area index (spleen area divded by body surface): mean = 3.03 +/- 0.81 (dorsal projection). The choice of projection did not have any appreciable effect on the area dimensions and indices, so that with super-imposition of organs these values can be determined with sufficient accuracy even from oblique projections.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Exceptional clinical courses of granulomatous colitis in children and adolescents (author's transl)].

Acute complications are known in chronic ulcerative colitis as well as in Crohn's colitis. They can rarely be seen also in childhood and adolescence. Massive rectal bleeding, particularly acute toxic dilatation of the large bowel should be treated surgically after a short-term medical therapy. The procedure of choice is the one stage proctocolectomy. Alternatively the method described by TURNBULL performing a loop ileostomy and several colostomies can be used. Besides the clinical symptoms and signs more than 8 stools and a temperature of more than 38 degrees C in the first 24 hours of hospitalisation can predict a severe clinical course.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Surgical problems in necrotizing enterocolitis in childhood.

The problem of necrotizing enterocolitis is discussed based on the experience with 24 patients. It has been found that the time factor plays an important role in the decision whether to operate. The indications for operation are intestinal perforation, threatening perforation, and penetration of a covered perforation. Operation is carried out in order to treat the peritonitis caused by perforation. The various operative methods are described and evaluated. Intestinal resection, exclusion enterostomies, and suture of the perforation may all be justified, depending on the findings at operation. The difficulties in the differential diagnosis are discussed. The importance of late complications are stressed, and it is pointed out that every case will require routine controls long after discharge from the hospital. The high mortality is directly related not to the surgical complications, but rather to the septicemia which so often develops.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1978

[Special aspects of fracture healing in cranio-cerebral injuries].

This study demonstrates the changes of concentration and elimination of calcium, phosphate and zinc, as well as alteration of serum alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase especially in patients with severe brain injuries in connection with bone fractures. Because the study has not been completed, the presently acquired results should only demonstrate possible development of the examined parameters. To find out the pathogenesis of overgrowing callus in brain-injured patients, further examinations are being carried out to find the histochemical activities of alkaline and acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, adenosine triphosphatase and acetylcholine esterase.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1977

Visualization of ribosomal ribonucleic acid synthesis in a ribonuclease III-Deficient strain of Escherichia coli.

Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine active ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) genes in two strains of Escherichia coli: N2077, deficient in the enzyme responsible for proper cleavage of the 16S sequence from the elongating nascent rRNA transcript; and N2076, functional in ribonuclease (RNase) III activity, yet otherwise isogenic to N2077. In the strain with wild-type RNase III, double gradients corresponding to a pattern of 16S-cleavage-23S transcription were observed. However, the RNase III-deficient strain exhibited a single ribosomal gradient of approximately the same length as the combined 16S-23S gradients of the wild-type strain. When the rRNA genes were somewhat loosely packed with RNA polymerases, a few of the nascent chains in the ribosomal matrixes of the RNase III-deficient strain were cleaved, but most appeared to be unprocessed. The completed, uncleaved transcripts originating from these gradients are believed to be 30S rRNA molecules recently characterized by biochemical probes.

DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases↗
PubMed1977

Birth fractures of the femur.

Even though we dealt with only a few cases, we can conclude that: 1. The elongation, which is sometimes feared, does not occur. 2. Due to the lack of adequate X-ray techniques, the question of rotary failures in newborn infants cannot be discussed in a satisfactory way. Based on these cases, even though there might be some undetected rotary failures, there is no reason to stop conservative therapy. 3. Even large axial displacements are corrected. The fact that in two cases an antecurvature persisted is interesting, especially if we see that in our cases only axial displacements of more than 30 degrees were not totally corrected. Perhaps one should keep an eye on this form of dislocation in the future.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Late results following to side-to-side anastomosis of the small intestine in infancy and childhood.

1. Malabsorptions and anemia can be used by ulceration or stenosis of the anastomosis, also well known in other anastomotic techniques. 2. Long-term problems are seldom seen in children secondary to side-to-side anastomosis if the technique is satifactory. Blind pouches may result from unsatisfactory technique, or may develop just as in the adult. They may or may not be symptomatic. We surely have to ask whether the blind loop will really grow with the growing child. Nevertheless this study only has historical character because since 1965 we only use end-to-end anastomosis and its modifications with the well known good results.

Adolescent↗