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Biomedical subjects

S Hino

Publications and source records attributed to S Hino.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Endogenous New World primate retrovirus: interspecies antigenic determinants shared with the major structural protein of type-D RNA viruses of Old World monkeys.

A reverse transcriptase-containing virus has recently been isolated from a squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). Molecular hybridization studies demonstrate that the squirrel monkey retrovirus (SMRV) is endogenous to this New World primate, yet lacks detectable nucleotide sequence homology with cellular DNAs of representative Old World primates or with the genomes of previously isolated Old World primate retroviruses. The 35,000-dalton major structural protein (p35) of SMRV was purified and shown to possess antigenic determinants distinct from those of known retroviruses. While SMRV was found to lack antigenic determinants broadly shared among mammalian type-C viruses, immunologic crossreactivity was demonstrated between SMRV p35 and the major structural protein (p26) of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus, a prototype type-D retrovirus of Old World monkeys. These findings support the concept that SMRV and Mason-Pfizer monkey virus are evolutionarily related, and raise the possibility that a progenitor of type-D retroviruses became genetically associated with primates at a very early time in their evolution.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Feline oncornavirus-associated cell-membrane antigen (FOCMA): distinction between FOCMA and the major virion glycoprotein.

The humoral antibody response of feline leukemia virus (FeLV)-exposed cats to the feline oncornavirus-associated tumor cell-membrane antigen (FOCMA) is directly correlated with immunosurveillance against tumor development under natural conditions. By means of membrane immunofluorescence and radioimmunoprecipitation, the antibody response to FOCMA was found to be independent of the antibody response to the major envelope and core proteins of FeLV, gp70 and p30. This was especially true for healthy viremic cats, where antigenemia with circulating FeLV gp70 and p30 apparently binds any free antibody to these proteins, but high levels of FOCMA antibody are often concurrently present. Exhaustive in vitro absorption of highly immune nonviremic serum with gp70 and p30 also failed to remove FOCMA antibody activity. These results indicate that FOCMA is not one of these major FeLV structural proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Immunoprevention of x-ray-induced leukemias in the C57BL mouse.

An attempt to prevent irradiation-induced thymic lymphomas in C57BL mice was made by inducing active immunity to endogenous type-C virus with inactivated Rauscher murine leukemia virus (MuLV) or inactivated Gross MuLV or by transferring passive immunity to endogenous type-C virus with goat anti-Gross MuLV IgG. Control groups received the following immunogen or treatment: inactivated simian sarcoma virus, complete Freund's adjuvant, normal goat IgG, and diluent, in both irradiated and nonirradiated C57BL mice Active immunity to the 70,000 molecular weight glycoprotein AKR-gp70 by immunization with Rauscher MuLV and passive immunity to AKR-gp70 by passive transfer of goat anti-Gross-MuLV IgG was measurable throughout some of the latent period of tumor development; in these two groups a significant reduction in tumor incidence was observed, as compared to the other experimental and control groups. Thus, the present findings support the concept of a type-C virus etiology of irradiation-induced leukemias and demonstrate the applicability of immunologic techniques directed against the endogenous type-C virus in the prevention of this disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Polyadenylate in the virion RNA of mouse hepatitis virus.

Mouse hepatitis (MH) virus was grown in SR-CDF1-DBT, a mouse cell line, and purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and by density gradient centrifugation. Extraction of RNA from purified virions with 1% SDS and sedimentation analysis of the RNA revealed a major 50S component and two minor components. Treatment of virions with phenol/chloroform also produced the 50S component, although its yield was lower. MH virion RNA can bind to a poly(U)-fiberglass filter, indicating that MH virion RNA contains poly(A). A poly(A)-like fragment was isolated by digestion with ribonuclease A [EC 3.1.4.22] and T1 [EC 3.1.4.8] and by DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography. Analysis of the fragment for base composition showed it to be an adenine-rich material. Its chain length was about 90 nucleotides, as determined by ion-exchange chromatography and gel electrophoresis.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1977

[Pancytopenia].

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Humans↗
PubMed1976

Radiommunoassays for the 70,000-molecular-weight glycoproteins of endogenous mouse type C viruses: viral antigen expression in normal mouse tissues and sera.

Genetic information coding for type C RNA viruses is transmitted within the DNA of mouse cells. At least three endogenous viruses have so far been immunologically distinguished by radioimmunoassays for their 12,000-molecular-weight polypeptides (p12). In the present study, the 70,000-molecular-weight glycoproteins (gp70) of three prototype viruses were purified, and competition radioimmunoassays were developed for each. By use of these immunoassays, the antigenic determinants of gp70's of different classes of endogenous virus, isolated from the same and from a variety of other mouse strains, were readily discriminated. In contrast, viruses of the same class were indistinguishable. These findings further document the existence of three distinct endogenous viruses of mouse cell. The levels of type C viral gp70 were quantitated in tissues and sera of several inbred strains. The pattern of immunological reactivity of the gp70 detected in serum was indistinguishable from that of the viral gp70 partially purified from tissues of the same strain. Moreover, in each case it was indistinguishable from that of a specific class of endogenous virus. In virus-negative tissues of BALB/c and NIH Swiss mice, the viral gp70 detected was shown to be representative of a class III endogenous virus whose p12 polypeptide was also expressed by the same cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Natural immunity in mice to structural polypeptides of endogenous type C RNA viruses.

The immunological responses of inbred mice to structural components of one class of endogenous virus were investigated by means of radioimmunoassays utilizing highly purified viral proteins. Naturally occurring antiviral antibodies were demonstrated only in those strains possessing information for induction of a mouse cell-tropic endogenous virus. Moreover, these antibodies invariably appeared subsequent to the detection of spontaneous replication of this virus in the same animal. The immune responses elicited were much stronger against endogenous viral gp70 than p30, consistent with previous findings of tolerance in the mouse to the major structural antigen of its endogenous virus. However, the demonstration of an immune response to p30 under conditions of both natural and experimental immunization establishes that tolerance to this viral antigen can be overcome.

AKR murine leukemia virus↗
PubMed1975

Differential expression of helper viral structural polypeptides in cells transformed by clonal isolates of woolly monkey sarcoma virus.

Cell lines transformed by woolly monkey sarcoma virus (WSV) in the absence of infectious virus production were analyzed for the expression of woolly monkey helper viral p30, p12, and gp70 antigens. Several lines produced high levels of both p30 and p12, whereas gp70 was not detectable. One transformed clone expressed only p12, and in another cell line, none of the helper viral antigens were detected. The properties of each sarcoma virus bred true upon transmission, indicating that each variant represents a distinct genotype. The different cell lines were examined with respect to properties characteristic of the transformed state. The in vitro growth properties and oncogenicity of each WSV-transformed clone were indistinguishable, indicating that transformation by WSV occurs independently of the expression of at least three helper viral polypeptides.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Antigenic determinants of the 70,000 molecular weight glycoprotein of woolly monkey type C RNA virus.

The 70,000 molecular weight glycoprotein (gp70) of a type-C RNA virus originally isolated from a woolly monkey has been partially purified and immunologically characterized. Evidence that this viral protein is viral coded was derived from studies showing its antigenic properties to be unaltered by virus passage in cells of different species. A broadly reactive competition immunoassay was developed utilizing antiserum prepared against feline leukemia virus to precipitate 125I-labeled woolly monkey virus gp70. Gibbon and woolly viruses, as well as feline and several mouse type-C viruses, all reacted with equal efficiency in this assay. In contrast, an endogenous virus of the baboon failed to cross-react, suggesting that viruses of this latter group are less immunologically related to the others. In a homologous competition immunoassay for the woolly viral glycoprotein, the woolly virus was readily distingusihed from otherwise colsely related viruses of gibbon apes. These findings demonstrate the pronounced type-specific antigenic dterminants possessed by this viral protein. The antigenic determinants of gp70 responsible for neutralization have also been investigated.

Animals↗