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Biomedical subjects

S Hino

Publications and source records attributed to S Hino.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Milk-borne transmission of HTLV-I from carrier mothers to their children.

In order to clarify the natural transmission route of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) from mother to child, we have followed two groups of children with ages of 1 to 3 years who were nourished either with HTLV-I-infected breast milk, or with non-infected milk from sero-positive, HTLV-I carrier mothers. Tests for the presence of antibody against HTLV-I revealed that 4 of 6 children in the former group developed HTLV-I infection, while only 1 of 14 children in the latter group became infected. The difference in HTLV-I infection rate for the children in the two groups was statistically significant (P less than 0.01 by chi-square). Furthermore, 2 of 4 elder siblings in the former group developed HTLV-I infection, whereas only one of 8 elder siblings in the latter group became infected. The overall rate of HTLV-I infection of breast-fed children born to HTLV-I-carrier mothers was 25% (8/32) by 3 years of age. Five of 6 mothers with HTLV-I-infected cells in the milk also possessed infected cells in their peripheral blood. Conversely 5 of 6 mothers without infected cells in the peripheral blood possessed no infected cells in their breast milk, suggesting that HTLV-I-infected cells in the peripheral blood can enter the breast milk. None of the 8 breast-fed children born to carrier mothers whose peripheral blood and breast milk-borne cells were negative, developed HTLV-I infection, suggesting that HTLV-I transmission from mother to child is dependent upon the number of HTLV-I-infected cells in carrier mothers.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

HTLV-I carrier mothers with high-titer antibody are at high risk as a source of infection.

High-titer antibody against HTLV-I in carrier mothers is proposed as a secondary parameter for risk of viral transmission to the children via milk. For titration of antibodies, a less expensive modified gelatin particle agglutination assay (approximately 40% of the standard cost) was developed. None of 11 carrier mothers with antibody titers of less than 4000 had carrier children, whereas 11 out of 17 mothers with titers of 256,000 or higher had carrier children. The antibody titer was correlated with antigen-bearing cells detectable in cultures of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes, which was previously described as a marker of risk for transferring HTLV-I to children.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1986

Significance of postnatal mother-to-child transmission of human T-lymphotropic virus type-I on the development of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.

In order to shed light on the mode of HTLV-I infection by mother-to-child transmission, we examined sera of school children in a highly endemic town on two separate occasions at a 6-year interval. The carrier rates in ages 15-17, 8.7 and 2.1%, were significantly higher than that in ages 6-8, 1.7 and 0.4%, in studies. The latter survey showed a significantly lower carrier rate in each age group. Moreover, the carrier rates of those students born in 1965-1967 and 1968-1970 were stable in the interval. The data suggested that carrier rates of children at certain ages are reflected by the date of birth rather than by age. A prospective survey of children born of carrier mothers found the overall carrier rate to be approximately 25%, which did not increase with their age. There was no sexual difference in the carrier rate of children: 5/25 in male and 9/34 in females (X2 = 0.3). Carrier mothers could be separated into two groups: HTLV-I antigen-positive mothers and negative mothers. Nine out of 19 antigen-positive mothers (47%) and 2 of 19 antigen-negative mothers (11%) had carrier children (X2 = 6.3). Twelve of 30 children born of antigen-positive carrier mothers (40%) were carriers, in contrast to 2 of 24 children (8%) of antigen-negative mothers (X2 = 7.8). Furthermore, 12 of 14 carrier children (86%) were of antigen-positive mothers. This suggests that postnatal but early transmission of HTLV-I plays a significant role in the maintenance of HTLV-I endemy and the development of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Portal hemodynamics in chronic portal-systemic encephalopathy. Angiographic study in seven cases.

A portal hemodynamic study was made in 7 consecutive patients with chronic portal-systemic encephalopathy by percutaneous transhepatic catheterization of the portal vein and injecting contrast medium into the superior mesenteric vein or by superior mesenteric arterial portography in comparison with patients without encephalopathy studied by percutaneous catheterization of these veins. All 7 patients had a large gastro-renal or spleno-renal shunt, and a large proportion of superior mesenteric venous blood was being shunted as estimated from the diameter of the portal and the collateral vein, whereas in nonencephalopathic patients in whom part of the superior mesenteric venous blood was shunting this diversion was much less (P less than 0.001). Only one of the chronic portal-systemic encephalopathic patients had esophageal varices, insignificant in size, and the incidence of esophageal varices was significantly less compared to the 12 nonencephalopathic control patients with portal hypertension who had either a gastro-renal or spleno-renal shunt (P less than 0.05). It is suggested that chronic portal-systemic encephalopathy is a result of a large collateral route shunting a large proportion of the superior mesenteric venous blood into systemic circulation, and that development of such collaterals precludes formation of large esophageal varices.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1985

Esophageal varices: correlation of left gastric venography and endoscopy in patients with portal hypertension.

Selective left gastric venography was performed via percutaneous transheptic catheterization in 100 patients with portal hypertension to study hemodynamics and left gastric collaterals. Flow was hepatofugal in 81 patients, while 63 had varices supplied by the left gastric vein; azygos/hemiazygos collaterals were seen in 27 patients, gastrorenal shunts in 18, and other collaterals in 58. In 79 cases, enlarged, tortuous veins arising from thin parallel vessels at the esophagogastric junction on venography corresponded with varices on endoscopy in both size and course. Venography failed to show small varices which were seen endoscopically, whereas endoscopy often interpreted non-tortuous veins as varices. Using endoscopy as a reference, the sensitivity of venography for varices was 76%, specificity 100%, and accuracy 78%. There was a significant correlation between venographic demonstration of varices and previous hematemesis. Left gastric venography is necessary prior to embolization of varices and is also useful in their diagnosis as well as study of hemodynamics and assessment of bleeding risk.

Esophageal and Gastric Varices↗
PubMed1985

Sera of adult T-cell leukemia patients and carriers of human T-cell leukemia virus type I in Japan do not cross-react with antigens of lymphadenopathy virus.

The immunological cross-reactivity of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I)-related sera with lymphadenopathy virus (LAV) was investigated. The sera tested were obtained from 36 adult T-cell leukemia patients, 182 HTLV-I carriers, and 284 control individuals in Nagasaki. Two test methods were utilized: indirect immunofluorescence on LAV-producing cells and solid-phase radioimmunoassay with lysate of LAV. The results were exclusively negative for the presence of antibody activity against LAV, indicating the absence of cross-reaction and endemy in Nagasaki.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1985

Mother-to-child transmission of human T-cell leukemia virus type-I.

By screening sera obtained from 5015 pregnant women under the care of 9 gynecology/obstetrics departments of hospitals or clinics in Nagasaki City and its surrounding areas, 187 were found to be positive for antibody against adult T-cell leukemia-associated antigen (ATLA). The prevalence of seropositive pregnant women was consistent with that of blood donors in the age group of 16 to 29 years, taken as controls. Essentially all cord blood samples (113/115) of babies born from these seropositive mothers were positive for anti-ATLA of IgG class. These IgG antibodies in the babies diminished rapidly after delivery, and were detectable only in 3 cases at 2, 3, and 5 months of ages out of 38 babies up to 21 months. None of 115 cord bloods so far tested was positive either for anti-ATLA of IgM class or for ATLA-bearing lymphocytes after short-term cultures of the rosette-forming T-lymphocytes. Two of the babies born from 38 seropositive mothers were found seroconverted between the ages of 12 and 19 months. Three out of 20 elder siblings were found seropositive at ages of 3 to 6 years. The seropositive rate in these siblings was significantly higher than that of controls. Moreover, 12 out of 13 mothers traced back from seropositive students were found seropositive. These data indicate strongly that HTLV-I is transmitted from seropositive mothers to their children as a major pathway.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Oral transmission of human T-cell leukemia virus type-I into a common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) as an experimental model for milk-borne transmission.

To obtain experimental support for possible milk-borne infection of human T-cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-I), short-term-cultured viral antigen-positive lymphocytes obtained from peripheral blood of adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma complex (ATLL) patients were inoculated into the oral cavity of two adult common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) in amounts comparable to those of HTLV-I-carrying cells fed to a baby in the milk of seropositive mothers. One of the animals seroconverted 2.5 months after the first inoculation. Cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes of the marmoset revealed HTLV-I antigen expression in cells, indicating the establishment of oral infection of HTLV-I in an adult marmoset. The cell number deduced to be responsible for the infection was 5.6 X 10(7) cells (used in the first 2 inoculations). The results suggest that the concept of milk-borne infection of HTLV-I from a seropositive mother to her child is plausible.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

Chronic portal-systemic encephalopathy with normal portal vein pressure possibly due to noncirrhotic portal fibrosis.

This is the report of a 50-year-old man with a more than 20-year history of chronic progressive portal-systemic encephalopathy. Liver tests were normal except for increased serum ammonia and indocyanine green plasma retention. The liver pathology was compatible with idiopathic portal hypertension or noncirrhotic portal fibrosis, demonstrating localized surface nodularity and portal fibrosis. Percutaneous transhepatic catheterization of the portal vein revealed near top normal portal vein pressure and a large shunt connecting the left gastric or superior mesenteric vein and the left renal vein. Presumably, the patient had portal hypertension in the past and formation of a short, large-caliber shunt between the portal system and the renal vein effectively decompressed the portal circulation.

Catheterization↗