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Biomedical subjects

S Herman

Publications and source records attributed to S Herman.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Behavior therapy for spasmodic torticollis: a case study suggesting a causal role for anxiety.

A 29-year old male with an 8-month history of spasmodic torticollis was treated after three baseline assessments with progressive relaxation, positive practice, and visual feedback. Subjective, behavioral, and physiological (EMG) data indicated that EMG declined across baseline assessments and treatment, while substantial changes in subjective and behavioral data occurred with treatment. Improvement on all dependent measures also was found at a 2-year follow-up. The data are discussed in terms of the non-specific effects of treatment, and the utility and economy of these primarily self-administered procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Influence of background composition of the diet on the lipemic effect of fish oil vs. corn oil in rats.

The lipemic effect of dietary fish oil vs. corn oil may be affected by the background composition of the diet. To investigate this theory, rats were fed diets containing either fish oil or corn oil and differing in the amount of fat and cholesterol and in the type of carbohydrate (sucrose vs. glucose) or protein (casein vs. soy protein). The hypotriglyceridemic effect of fish oil vs. corn oil was not influenced by the background composition of the diet. The hypocholesterolemic effect of fish oil was diminished by increasing the amount of coconut fat in the background diet at the expense of an isoenergetic amount of sucrose. With the use of high-cholesterol diets, no cholesterol-lowering effect of fish oil vs. corn oil was observed. This study suggests that the composition of the background diet should be considered when comparing the cholesterolemic effects of fish oil with other oils in various experiments.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Influence of dietary fats on butyrylcholinesterase and esterase-1 (ES-1) activity in plasma of rats.

We studied the effects of dietary fats, especially fish oil, on the activities of esterase-1 (ES-1) and butyrylcholinesterase in the plasma of rats. The identification of nutritional determinants of these enzymes could provide clues as to their physiological function. Fish oil, when compared with corn oil, consistently caused increased activities of both enzymes. Plasma ES-1 activity, but not butyrylcholinesterase activity, was increased after isocaloric replacement of carbohydrates by coconut fat. Dietary medium-chain triglycerides, when compared with corn oil, produced decreased and increased activities of butyrylcholinesterase and ES-1, respectively. Various plant fats, such as corn oil, linseed oil, coconut fat, palm oil, palm kernel oil, soybean oil and rapeseed oil, did not differentially influence butyrylcholinesterase activities. Plasma triglyceride concentrations were lowered by fish oil and increased by coconut fat and palm kernel oil. For individual rats in 5 out of 6 experiments, weak, negative correlation coefficients of the order of 0.3 were found between the changes in plasma butyrylcholinesterase activities and in plasma triglyceride concentrations.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Asymptomatic herpes simplex virus shedding from the genital tract whilst on suppressive doses of oral acyclovir.

Forty-eight patients were recruited into a study of continuous oral acyclovir therapy for the suppression of recurrent genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. Seven of these patients were shown to shed HSV in the absence of clinical signs or symptoms whilst on medication. The asymptomatic shedders did not differ significantly from the rest of the group in terms of age, interval from first attack to enrollment or number of recurrences prior to enrollment. Only one patient admitted to poor compliance as a trigger to asymptomatic HSV shedding. Failure to suppress asymptomatic shedding during prophylactic acyclovir therapy may have implications for sexual transmission to partners and vertical transmission to neonates and requires further study.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1990

Atypical collapse of the upper lobe of the right lung simulating combined right upper and middle lobe collapse: report of two cases.

The authors describe two cases of collapse of the upper lobe of the right lung simulating the appearance on plain chest radiographs of collapse of the right upper and middle lobes combined. Computed tomography and bronchoscopy in both cases and surgery in one case showed that the middle lobe was normal. Possible mechanisms for this appearance on plain chest radiographs include the presence of adhesions between the obstructed upper lobe and pleura and the presence of obstructive pneumonia in the upper lobe, preventing typical collapse.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Education is not enough: a systems failure in protecting battered women.

A retrospective study of female trauma patients presenting in an emergency department during 1976 and 1977 demonstrated that the introduction of a protocol designed to detect injuries caused by battering increased the identification of battered women from 5.6% of female trauma patients to 30%. An eight-year follow-up study in the same ED demonstrated that only 7.7% of female trauma patients were diagnosed as having injuries secondary to battering. This study suggests that without institutional policies and procedures for detecting and treating victims of domestic violence, many abused women will pass through EDs unidentified and, hence, untreated.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Compliance with colorectal cancer screening in a high-risk occupational group.

A Detroit-area union offers an early detection colorectal cancer screening program consistent with that recommended by the American Cancer Society. Analyses compared men who have complied with the American Cancer Society recommendations with men who have not so complied. Older men, nonsmokers, and woodworkers were most likely to participate in all screening examinations. Primary reasons for nonparticipation were the belief that the examination was unnecessary, anxiety/affective concerns; and time/motivation problems. Particularly important to the success of such programs is a sensitive health education component to address personal concerns related to the procedure, and also the dissemination of information about the efficacy of the examination for early detection of colorectal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The use of dense alumina-alumina ceramic combination in total hip replacement.

The purpose of this article was to review the laboratory and clinical performances since 1970 of a total hip prosthesis using alumina-alumina combination. The chemical and physical properties of dense alumina ceramic were studied in relation to biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and surface properties. Through the examination of 35 retrieved implants, it was found that the long-term success of alumina-alumina total hip replacement depends on both the ceramic microstructure (small grain size with uniform distribution, minimum porosity, absence of inclusions) and implant geometry (sphericity deviation +/- 1 micron, radius tolerance between components 7-10 microns). Alumina component wear and fractures have disappeared with the use of high-performance materials and severe manufacturing quality control. Examination of human biopsies from well-fixed prostheses showed that alumina particles deposits increase with time with only a low-grade macrophagic reaction. When loosening occurred, an inflammatory reaction appeared; this reaction was less striking than with loose metal-polyethylene prostheses, however. The long-term behavior of cementless alumina cup fixation depends upon initial positioning and stability; survivorship analysis of the cemented ceramic cups showed an 88% survival probability after 8 years with a 1.6% average annual probability of revision. The percentage of surviving was 100% after 8 years in patients who were less than 50 years old. Aseptic loosenings occurring at the cup-cement interface were assumed to be related to stress protection secondary to the high rigidity of the ceramic leading to a weakening of the spongious bone supporting the cement mantle. Good bone stock quality as well as high-quality ceramic appear to be the prerequisites for durable fixation of alumina sockets.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1988

Serum cholesterol and colorectal polyps.

Colorectal cancer and hypocholesterolemia have recently been associated, and colorectal polyps have a known relationship with colorectal cancer. In order to establish further evidence regarding the nature of the serum cholesterol-colorectal cancer relationship, this study investigated the hypothesis that men with colorectal polyps would have lower serum cholesterol levels than men without polyps. Of the 1380 men screened by sigmoidoscopy for colorectal polyps, 246 had at least one polyp. The men with polyps were older than those without, and also had higher cholesterol levels, but after controlling for age, there were no serum cholesterol differences. These data suggest that low serum cholesterol is not etiologically linked to cancer. Analyses of potentially confounding variables showed smoking to be strongly related to the presence of polyps.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Percutaneous arthrolysis under arthroscopic control and manipulation under anesthesia in the treatment of postoperative stiffness of the knee].

In the post-operative management of surgery of the knee complicated by stiffness, the results of manipulation under anaesthesia and percutaneous release of adhesions under arthroscopy have been compared in two groups of twenty and twenty-four patients. The two groups were identical in age, 32 years, in the cause, which was ligamentous surgery in 85 per cent and in their level of activity. Arthroscopic release was performed in 90 per cent of cases under continuous peridural anaesthesia whilst manipulations were performed under general anaesthesia in 75 per cent of cases. The mean duration of follow-up was 13 months in arthroscopic releases and 29 months in manipulations. Pre-operative limitation of flexion to 57 degrees in arthroscopic releases and 67 degrees in manipulations under anaesthesia improved to 124 degrees and 134 degrees respectively at the last follow-up. The speed of recovery proved to be twice as rapid in patients with arthroscopic release - 3.2 months compared with 6.1 months for straightforward manipulations. Manipulations under anaesthesia were followed by 6 patello-femoral syndromes (30 per cent) whilst arthroscopic release only had 4 syndromes (18 per cent). Arthroscopic releases and manipulations under anaesthesia made before the end of the third month after operation gave better results than those performed later. However, arthroscopic release can be done very late compared with manipulation under anaesthesia and avoids the need for surgical arthrolysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Spondylolisthesis with severe displacement in children and adolescents Results of 12 cases of posterior reduction fixation].

The aim of this study was the analysis of 12 cases showing a L5-S1 spondylolisthesis of a shift superior to 50%. The surgery performed on those 12 children and teenagers was Roy Camille's technical procedure that is reduction and fixation with posterior plates and postero-lateral grafting The criteria of the study and technique used are first recalled. The result's analysis show the quality of the reduction and the restoration of the lumbo-pelvic statics. The postero-lateral arthrodesis appears to the authors as sufficient to guarantee the result's stability. In cases of associated radicular impairment, great care must be taken as far as the reduction is concerned. The root must be controlled during the surgical procedure especially if there is a real sciatic before surgery. The technic appears to the authors as the best among all those they may have used for the treatment of the spondylolisthesis with an important shift, apart from the spondyloptosis. Internal fixation devices of a smaller size would be necessary for a small child.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Properties of N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphotransferase from human lymphoblasts.

Human lymphoblast and fibroblast cell lines from a patient with I-cell disease and normal individuals were characterized with respect to certain properties of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:lysosomal enzyme precursor N-acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase. The enzyme isolated from normal lymphoblast and fibroblast cell lines expressed similar kinetic properties, substrate specificities and subcellular localizations. Coincident with the severe reduction of N-acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase activity in both I-cell fibroblast and lymphoblast cell lines, there was an increased secretion of several lysosomal enzymes compared to normal controls. Subsequent examination of N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase secreted by the I-cell lymphoblasts demonstrated a significant increase in adsorption of the I-cell enzyme to Ricinus communis agglutinin, a galactose-specific lectin. However, the I-cell lymphoblasts did not exhibit the significant decrease in intracellular lysosomal activities seen in I-cell fibroblasts. Our results suggest that lymphoblasts not only represent an excellent source for the purification of N-acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase, but in addition, represent a unique system for studying alternate mechanisms involved in the targeting of lysosomal enzymes.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1987

Long-term efficacy and safety of beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists for supraventricular tachycardia.

The efficacy and safety of nadolol and atenolol, 2 new long-acting beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists, were evaluated in patients with recurrent supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Intravenous and oral drug therapy was administered to patients with atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia and atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. Efficacy was judged on a short-term basis by programmed electrical stimulation and on a long-term basis by clinical parameters and serial ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings during long-term follow-up. In addition, the usefulness of programmed electrical stimulation to predict long-term efficacy was evaluated. Intravenous nadolol prevented induction of SVT in 6 of 8 (75%) patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, and oral nadolol prevented induction of SVT in 5 of 6 (83%) responders to intravenous nadolol. No episodes of sustained SVT recurred in these 5 patients during follow-up. Intravenous nadolol also prevented induction of SVT in 2 of 17 (11%) patients with atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia. Both patients remained non-inducible during treatment with oral nadolol, and neither experienced recurrence of SVT during follow-up. Intravenous atenolol prevented induction of SVT in 5 of 6 (83%) patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. Oral atenolol prevented induction of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in 4 of 5 (80%) patients responding to intravenous atenolol, and none of these 4 patients experienced a clinical recurrence. Intravenous atenolol prevented induction of SVT in 1 of 4 (25%) patients with atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia. Oral atenolol prevented induction of SVT in this patient and the arrhythmia has not recurred during follow-up. During follow-up (1 to 37 months), drug tolerance and compliance have been excellent with a low incidence of adverse reactions (11%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗