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Biomedical subjects

S Hashimoto

Publications and source records attributed to S Hashimoto.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Assessment of pulmonary aerosol deposition and epithelial permeability in 99mTc-DTPA inhalation scintigram].

The degree of lung injury in bronchiolo-alveolar lesions may be quantitated from the pulmonary epithelial permeability estimated by 99mTc-DTPA (diethylene triamine penta acetate) aerosol inhalation scintigram. However, significant aerosol deposition sometimes occurs in the central airways and obscures the permeability change in the lung periphery. The radioaerosol deposition pattern and its effect on assessing the pulmonary epithelial permeability was studied. 99mTc-DTPA aerosol scintigraphy was performed in 47 patients with pulmonary fibrosis (PF), 12 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), and 27 non-smoking and 17 smoking healthy volunteers. The scintigraphic images of the lungs were classified into 4 grades, 0; homogeneous distribution, 1; patchy distribution, 2; hot spots with partial defect, and 3; hot spots with little deposition in the lung field. The rate constant was used as a parameter for the permeability. The smokers and patients with PF showed increased kep values of 2.36 +/- 1.21%/min (mean +/- SD) and 2.49 +/- 1.29%/min as compared with the nonsmokers with 0.94 +/- 0.27%/min, respectively. The nonsmokers, smokers and 36 patients with PF were classified as deposition grade 0 or 1, suggesting good aerosol penetration to the lung periphery. All patients with COPD showed either grade 2 or 3 deposition. Aerosol deposition in the central airways can cause underestimation of the permeability because of the thicker lining layer in the bronchus than in the alveolus. In conclusion, the aerosol deposition pattern should be analyzed when the method is applied clinically to assess the permeability of the bronchiolo-alveolar epithelium.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Prediction of the ability to purge clonogenic B cell lymphoma from normal BM in vitro by heat: their survival curves correspond to a curve reflecting mortality in humans.

To develop new purging regimens for ABMT the ability to predict potential for purging of tumor cells from BM is important. Since the sensitivity of human B cell lymphoma to hyperthermia is not known, we examined its effect on the growth of B cell lymphoma cell lines (Raji and Daudi) in vitro to evaluate potential for purging clonogenic tumor cells from normal marrow by heat, using a limiting dilution assay to measure log depletion of tumor cells in a 20-fold excess of normal BM. When exposed to heat (42-43 degrees C) for 120 min, both clonogenic Raji and Daudi cells were dramatically reduced (a 4-to-6 log reduction) with time, whereas at 42 degrees C over half and at 43 degrees C 10% of normal granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells survived for the same time period. This high level of lymphoma cell depletion by heat correlated with that of immunologic and pharmacologic studies. In addition, these survival curves during heating were found to correlate with the Gompertz-Makeham formula--a law of human mortality. This formula may be useful in predicting the purging effect of heat. These results suggest that in vitro hyperthermia could be applied effectively for the elimination of residual, clonogenic lymphoma cells in autologous marrow grafts before ABMT.

Bone Marrow Purging↗
PubMed1993

[Changes in myocardial metallothionein on isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury].

The amounts of myocardial metallothionein (MT) and heavy metal (Zn, Cu) levels during the early stage of the experimental myocardial infarction model induced by isoproterenol (Isp) administration were measured by an atomic absorption spectrophotometry. MT was measured by the Cd-hem method. Myocardial infarction was induced by the administration of 75 mg/kg i.p. of Isp to rats weighing 270 +/- 10 g. Thirty minutes after Isp injection, Zn and Cu levels began to decrease and 12 h later, reached the minimal values compared with the control value. The level of MT began to increase 3 h after the Isp injection and reached the maximal value at 12 h, although MT remained undetectable in the control myocardial tissue by the Cd-hem method. MT levels in the liver increased and total Zn and Cu were elevated compared with the control value 12 h after Isp administration. These results suggest that MT is produced in the myocardium after Isp administration, and that the roles of MT in the heart and the liver are different. It was thought that a rise in MT was induced for the protection of the myocardial cells to injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Sequential studies of motor nerve conduction in relation to the disease stages of Guillain-Barré syndrome].

We retrospectively studied sequential changes in motor nerve conduction in forearm segments of 17 median nerves in 9 consecutive patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). The disease course was divided into 6 stages: progressing, nadir, early-, mid- and late-convalescent, and cured stages. All patients were tested on at least 3 occasions in each different stage. Low amplitude compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) were noted in the progressing and nadir stages, suggesting the presence of conduction block. In the early- and mid-convalescent stages, on the other hand, the delays in distal motor latencies and conduction velocities as well as temporal dispersions of CMAPs were more prominent than in the progressing or nadir stage. These findings suggest that pathophysiological processes are different in the two stages of GBS: demyelination with conduction block predominated in the earlier stage and demyelination without conduction block predominated in the later stage. The former is considered to involve predominantly the relatively smaller motor nerves during the progressing and nadir stages, producing muscle weakness but not causing marked slowing of the motor nerve conduction. The latter is considered to involve predominantly the fastest motor fibers in the later days lasting into the early- and even mid-convalescent stages. This process seems to produce marked conduction slowing, but does not cause prominent muscle weakness. In addition, recovery from the conduction block during the convalescent stages produces temporal dispersions of CMAPs because of the variably slowed conduction velocities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Interferon therapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia].

Interferon alpha (IFN alpha) has been used in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The initial trial was made in 1983 by Talpaz et al. Their first report suggested that IFN alpha treatment could achieve high hematological remission. The cause of the effect was unclear, but may be mediated through interaction cell surface membrane and inhibitory protein production. IFN alpha was related to some T cell immunity, and could be taken to be Ph1 positive cell inhibition by normal T cell. Although IFN alpha therapy has limited use with get Ph1 negative hematopoiesis, intensive treatment of this kind is needed to minimize Ph1 clone, using various therapy combination with IFN alpha.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1993

Simple bone cyst. Treatment by trepanation and studies on bone resorptive factors in cyst fluid with a theory of its pathogenesis.

Simple bone cysts were treated by trepanation. The technique consists of drainage of cyst fluid, lavage of the cystic cavity with saline, and the making of multiple drilling holes through the cortical and the medullary bone of the cyst wall. Injection of corticosteroid was omitted. In 11 cases treated by this method, the clinical outcome was good. Biochemical analyses of the cyst fluid showed bone-resorptive factors, i.e., prostaglandins, interleukin 1, proteolytic enzymes. Electrophoretic analysis of proteolytic enzymes in polyacrylamide gel containing sodium dodecyl sulfate and polymerized gelatin showed proteins with molecular weights of about 130,000, 92,000, 72,000, and lower than 50,000. Increase in such bone-resorbing activities seems to be one of the causative factors in simple bone cysts. The technique was effective in decompressing the internal pressure of the cysts, improving the blood flow through the medullary bone of the cyst wall, stimulating the periosteum to induce bone formation, and eliminating bone destruction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Cyclosporine-induced graft-versus-host disease in a syngeneic bone marrow transplantation].

A 33-year-old woman with AML (M4) resistant to chemotherapy received syngeneic marrow graft from her identical twin following high dose busulfan and etoposide. However, the relapse was confirmed on the 60th day after the procedure. Since she failed to achieve remission despite intensive chemotherapy, a second BMT from the same donor was performed following total body irradiation and high dose etoposide on the 126th day after the initial BMT. At this time, cyclosporine (1 mg/kg/day) was administered to induce graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Skin rash appeared on the 18th day after the 2nd BMT, and biopsy from the rash on the 23rd day showed a typical picture of cutaneous GVHD (grade 2) and there was no evidence of viral infection. On the 36th day after the 2nd BMT, the patient died of veno-occlusive disease. Although graft-versus-leukemia effect in this patient could not be evaluated because of early death, the induction of GVHD with cyclosporine might be effective to reduce the relapse rate after syngeneic or autologous BMT. Further studies are required to confirm this effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Morphological properties of human thyroid tumor cells in collagen gel culture and metastatic or invasive ability.

Using normal human thyroid cells and tumor cells, the reconstruction of various diseased cells in collagen gel as well as the relationship between the morphology of colonies in collagen-embedded culture and the biological behavior (benignity, malignancy, metastasis, and invasion) of the original tumors were studied. In collagen gel culture, normal thyroid cells reorganized follicle-like constructions, and follicular adenoma cells showed in vivo-like constructions. However, two different types of colonies were observed in cultures of cells from papillary carcinomas. One was the branching type with many outgrowths projecting to three dimensions and the other was the spherical type without any outgrowths. These spherical colonies were observed in all cases of papillary carcinoma, but varied from one case to another. Metastasis and invasion were detected during pathological examination in cases with a high ratio of spherical colonies. Our results indicate that cells from highly metastatic and invasive thyroid cancer form spherical colonies in the collagen gel culture, and that this collagen culture is a useful method for studying the heterogeneity of tumor cells as well as the metastasis and invasive ability of tumor cells in vitro.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1993

[Chromosomal abnormalities in Castleman's disease with high levels of serum interleukin-6].

Chromosomal abnormalities in Castleman's disease with high levels of serum IL-6 were reported. A 69-year-old male was found to have superficial lymph node swelling and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, when he was admitted to the department of otolaryngology for carcinoma of the tongue in July 1991. In December, he was referred to our department after completing radiation therapy. Laboratory examination revealed 7.7 g/dl hemoglobin, 10.8 g/dl total protein, and 56.0% gamma-globulin. Serum electrophoresis revealed polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia and no Bence-Jones protein. Bone marrow aspirates showed an increase of plasma cells to 21.8%. Serum IL-6 was 252 pg/ml. Chromosomal analysis of cells in the lymph node showed a karyotype of 46,XY,t(7;14)(p22;q22). The lymph node histology showed marked hyperplasia of plasma cells at interfollicular areas. These plasma cells were stained with both anti-kappa and anti-lambda antibody. He was diagnosed as multicentric form Castleman's disease. Treatment with prednisolone and melphalan resulted in improvement of clinical findings such as anemia, lymph node swelling and hypergammaglobulinemia in concurrence with decrease in serum levels of IL-6. Since the IL-6 gene is located on 7p21-22, the translocation 7; 14 may be related to the high level of serum IL-6.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[A case of insulinoma with frequent hypoglycemic attacks not showing evident hyperinsulinemia].

Confirmation of inappropriate hyperinsulinemia is an indispensable requisite for the diagnosis of insulinoma. We report here a case of insulinoma without evident hyperinsulinemia at an early stage. The patient, a 49-year-old woman, had been admitted to our hospital for the evaluation of frequent hypoglycemic attacks. At that time, plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) after an overnight fast ranged from 7 to 16 microU/ml. The ratio of IRI/fasting blood sugar (FBS) (Fajans index; normal range, below 0.3) was always between 0.13 and 0.28 even at hypoglycemic states. In addition, because computed tomography and arteriography of the abdomen failed to settle the diagnosis of insulinoma, the patient was discharged and followed up at our outpatient clinic for 2 years. She was admitted to our hospital at 51 years of age for the re-evaluation of hypoglycemic attacks. Laboratory examinations revealed high fasting plasma levels of IRI ranging from 20 to 29 microU/ml. Fajans index also increased to 0.47-0.89. Celiac arteriography was able to confirm the existence of insulinoma. We suggest that insulinoma should be considered in the presence of unexplained hypoglycemic attacks even when there is no evident hyperinsulinemia.

Blood Glucose↗