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Biomedical subjects

S Hashimoto

Publications and source records attributed to S Hashimoto.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Changes in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

The effects of peritoneal insufflation on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems were investigated in eight patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. During the operation, intraabdominal pressure was maintained at a constant 12 mm Hg with carbon dioxide. The cardiac index had increased significantly at 20 and 40 min after the start of insufflation (3.6 +/- 0.6, 3.9 +/- 0.8 mL/min, respectively) and after evacuation (4.2 +/- 0.6 mL/min) compared with the control value (3.2 +/- 0.6 mL/min). Mean arterial pressure was significantly increased at 20 min after the start of insufflation (94.6 +/- 11.2 mm Hg) relative to the control value (79.9 +/- 11.1 mm Hg) and remained high after evacuation (101.5 +/- 11.9 mm Hg). Central and femoral venous pressure rose significantly during the operation from baseline values (12 +/- 6 and 4 +/- 4 mm Hg, respectively) to 18 +/- 10 and 11 +/- 6 mm Hg, respectively, at 20 min, and to 18 +/- 10 and 19 +/- 8 mm Hg, respectively, at 40 min after the start of insufflation. These parameters returned to control levels immediately after evacuation. Dynamic lung compliance decreased by 25% as a result of the elevated intraabdominal pressure. These findings demonstrate that some cardiopulmonary changes occur even at an intraabdominal pressure of 12 mm Hg, which up to now has been considered a safe level.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1993

Serial phenotypic, cytogenetic and molecular genetic studies in Richter's syndrome: demonstration of lymphoma development from the chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells.

In this report we describe a unique longitudinal study on the clinical, phenotypic, cytogenetic and molecular genetic features of malignant cells from diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) to the development of lymphoma and lymphomatous meningitis. CLL cells at diagnosis were CD5+, CD19+, surface IgG+, kappa+, were karyotypically abnormal and showed clonal rearrangements in the immunoglobulin heavy (IgH) and kappa light chain genes. Phenotypically leukaemic cells and lymphoma cells at RS resembled CLL at diagnosis, but showed cytogenetic evolution. Geometrically leukaemic cells and lymphoma cells retained the initial clonal rearrangements in IGH and kappa genes, but showed additional supervening clonal rearrangements in both of these genes as the disease progressed to RS. Furthermore, the c-lambda DNA showed clonal rearrangements in the leukaemic cells and lymphoma cells at RS. This complete phenotypic and genotypic analysis of tumour cells during the course of the disease demonstrates the origin of lymphoma from CLL cells through progressive cytogenetic and molecular genetic changes in CLL cells.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1993

Evidence for an ongoing role of class I histocompatibility molecules for the production of interleukin-2 in response to suboptimal concentrations of phytohaemagglutinin.

To examine the role of cellular interactions involving class I histocompatibility antigens in the response to low concentrations of phytohaemagglutinin, we studied the effect of antibodies to components of these antigens on proliferative responses, interleukin-1 and interleukin-2 production, and IL-2 receptor expression. Antibody to human beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) had an inhibitory effect both on IL-2 accumulation at 48 h of culture and on the proliferative response 24 h later. Exogenous IL-2 completely reconstituted the inhibited proliferative responses, and also restored the modest decrease in IL-2 receptor expression that was induced by anti-beta 2m. Pretreatment of either purified monocytes or T cells with anti-beta 2m had a similar inhibitory effect both on proliferation and on interleukin-2 production. By contrast, IL-1 production by LPS- or silica-stimulated monocytes was not affected by this antibody. Kinetic experiments demonstrated that anti-beta 2m was equally inhibitory when added at the initiation of culture or after 24h, and significant inhibition occurred when the antibody was added as late as 48 h. Our results are consistent with an ongoing role for class I antigens in the cellular interactions between lymphocytes and accessory cells required for the production of IL-2.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Elevated levels of soluble ICAM-1 in sera from patients with bronchial asthma.

We measured the levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in sera from patients with bronchial asthma. sICAM-1 levels in sera from atopic asthmatic patients in stable conditions were higher than in normal control subjects. Furthermore, the sICAM-1 levels in sera obtained during bronchial asthma attacks were higher than those in sera obtained in stable conditions. These results suggest that higher levels of sICAM-1 in sera reflect the upregulation of ICAM-1 expression in allergic inflammation.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effect of alpha-interferon on anti-alpha-fetoprotein-monoclonal-antibody targeting of hepatoma.

We studied the potential of alpha-interferon (IFN-alpha) to enhance alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and thus alter the localization of 125I-labeled antibody to the human hepatoma xenograft in athymic mice using monoclonal antibody (MAb) 19F12, which recognized AFP on the surface of human hepatoma cells. Treatment of the human hepatoma cell NuE with IFN-alpha increased the surface expression of AFP 2.4-fold in an IFN-dose-dependent manner. The IFN-alpha treatment substantially increased (2.7-fold) the localization of 125I-labeled 19F12 to NuE xenografts in athymic mice. The increase in localization of 125I-labeled 19F12 was dependent on the circulating plasma IFN levels. Our experimental results suggested that IFN-alpha could act as a potent modulator of the cellular antigen AFP, and be used to enhance the targeting of a conjugated MAb to hepatoma cell populations.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Effect of GM-CSF on TNF-alpha and IL-1-beta production by alveolar macrophages and peripheral blood monocytes from patients with sarcoidosis.

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disorder of unknown origin characterized by activated T-lymphocytes and macrophages. Macrophage/monocyte-derived cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. Although the production of TNF-alpha and IL-1 by alveolar macrophages (AM) and peripheral monocytes (PM) in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in sarcoidosis has been well demonstrated, the production of these cytokines in response to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has not been delineated. The present studies were designed to examine the regulatory effect of GM-CSF on TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta production by AM and PM from patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Amounts of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta in the culture supernatants of unstimulated AM from patients with sarcoidosis were significantly higher than those from normal subjects, whereas, there was no difference in the amounts of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta in the culture supernatants of PM between patients with sarcoidosis and normal subjects. The amounts of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta in the culture supernatants of GM-CSF or LPS-stimulated AM and PM were significantly higher than those of similarly stimulated AM and PM from normal subjects. This hyperresponsiveness of AM and PM to GM-CSF in patients with sarcoidosis might be relevant to the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

In vivo effect of lipopolysaccharide on alveolar and peritoneal macrophages of rats: superoxide anion generation and 5-lipoxygenase metabolism of arachidonic acid.

Influences of the intravenous administration of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, 3 mg/kg, on the production of superoxide anion (O2-) and 5-lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA) were evaluated in alveolar macrophages (AM) and peritoneal macrophages (PM) on days 1 and 3 after injection. The dose selected was that found to induce a significant leakage of [125I]bovine serum albumin in the pulmonary vasculature. AM obtained 1 day after LPS injection generated smaller amounts of O2- on stimulation with C5a but generated similar amounts with wheat germ lectin (WGA) or AA compared with control AM. This result suggested a prior complement activation. On day 3, on the contrary, their production of O2- significantly exceeded that by control AM with either of the three stimuli. PM collected on day 1 after LPS injection generated a significantly greater amount of O2- on stimulation with either WGA or AA than did control PM. The amount of O2-, however, decreased from day 1 to day 3. AM collected 1 day after the injection of LPS generated significantly more leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and 5-HETE on stimulation with A23187 alone and in combination with AA than did the cells from untreated rats. Such activities returned to the control levels in the AM collected on day 3. In contrast, the PM collected on day 1 produced amounts of LTB4 and 5-HETE similar to those of the control PM, but the cells on day 3 produced significantly more LTB4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Effect of the head-down tilt position during lower abdominal surgery on endocrine and renal function response.

A head-down tilt position in awake subjects induces natriuresis, accompanied by reduced plasma levels of catecholamines, renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone, and antidiuretic hormone. We hypothesized that the head-down tilt position would counteract the surgical stress response which induces sodium and water retention and increases plasma levels of these hormones. We studied endocrine and renal function responses in patients during lower abdominal surgery, performed under sevoflurane anesthesia, at a 6 degree head-down tilt position (n = 10) versus a horizontal position (n = 10). The mean arterial pressure was maintained constant by adjusting the inspired concentration of sevoflurane. Heart rate, and the dose of sevoflurane, decreased significantly in the head-down tilt position. Increases in plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine levels during surgery were significantly less in the head-down tilt position; in contrast, plasma aldosterone and cortisol levels were increased significantly in this position compared to the horizontal position. Both fractional and total urinary excretion of sodium increased significantly in the head-down tilt position compared to the horizontal position. Plasma renin activity, and antidiuretic hormone and atrial natriuretic peptide levels, as well as urine volume, creatinine clearance, and water clearance showed no positional variation. We conclude that the 6 degree head-down tilt position reduces increased sympathetic activity and lessens renal tubular sodium reabsorption during lower abdominal surgery under sevoflurane anesthesia. Other stress hormones, however, increase more in the head-down tilt position than in the horizontal position.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1993

Mechanism for the antihypertensive effect of a polysaccharide-glycopeptide complex from Lactobacillus casei in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

Pharmacological studies on the antihypertensive effect of a polysaccharide-glycopeptide complex (SG-1) isolated from Lactobacillus casei were carried out by using spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). An antihypertensive effect of SG-1 was observed by oral, but not by intravenous or intraperitoneal administration, and the effect was attenuated by orally pre-treating with indomethacin. A single oral administration of SG-1 (20 mg/kg) decreased the peripheral vascular resistance (PR). The daily oral administration of SG-1 (10 mg/kg) for 14 days had no effect on either the urine volume or urinary electrolytes (Na+, K+, and Cl-), but it did increase the excretion of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, a metabolite of PGI2, in the urine. Moreover, a single oral administration of SG-1 (20 mg/kg) also increased the biliary 6-keto-PGF1 alpha excretion. These results suggest that the antihypertensive effect of orally administered SG-1 resulted from an enhancement of PGI2 biosynthesis and the subsequent decrease in PR.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1993

Two cases of thiamine deficiency-induced lactic acidosis during total parenteral nutrition.

Two cases of severe lactic acidosis induced by total parenteral nutrition (TPN) are reported. Both cases were admitted to our department for the surgical treatment of advanced gastric cancer, and subsequently underwent TPN because of poor nutritional status. Following the initiation of TPN, both patients went into an unstable circulatory state following shock. Both cases showed signs of peritonitis, suggestive of an intraabdominal abscess, and subsequently underwent an emergency laparotomy to explore the origin of the lactic acidosis. There was, however, no apparent infectious focus which would lead to severe metabolic acidosis in the abdominal cavity. One case died of irreversible shock. The other case similarly exhibited a deteriorated cardiovascular state but promptly responded to the administration of thiamine and was resuscitated. The blood thiamine level was low in both individuals, and the two patients were subsequently diagnosed as having thiamine deficiency-induced lactic acidosis.

Acidosis, Lactic↗
PubMed1993

[The role of G-CSF in host defense mechanisms of the elderly].

It has been generally agreed that the elderly had a greater susceptibility, morbidity, and mortality in regard to a variety of bacterial infections. To clarify the host defence mechanism in the elderly, we studied the effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) on neutrophil functions, the production of G-CSF by peripheral blood monocytes in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the serum levels of G-CSF in patients with bacterial pneumonia. There was no significant difference in the phagocytic activity of neutrophils between the elderly and control young adults. rhG-CSF enhanced phagocytosis by neutrophils, and a similar degree of enhancement was obtained in both group. Killing activity of neutrophils assessed by the new nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test in the elderly was significantly lower than that in young adults (p < 0.001), however, pretreatment with rhG-CSF resulted in an increase of killing activity in the elderly, raising their response to a level compatible to that of young adults pretreated with rhG-CSF. The amount of G-CSF in the culture supernatants from LPS-stimulated peripheral blood monocytes of the elderly was significantly lower than that of young adults (p < 0.05). The serum levels of G-CSF in the acute phase of bacterial pneumonia in the elderly were significantly lower than those of young adults (p < 0.01). These results indicated that impaired monocyte function may contribute, at least in part, to susceptibility to bacterial infection in the elderly.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) on human diseased thyroid cells].

Surgical materials obtained from 5 normal human thyroids and 19 diseased tissues (4 with Grave's disease, 4 adenomatous goiters, 3 follicular adenomas, 2 papillary carcinomas, 4 follicular carcinomas and 2 undifferentiated carcinomas) were investigated immunohistochemically using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique with anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibody and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody. The results of this study suggested the following: (1) Labeling indexes of PCNA positive cell nuclei were shown in high grade malignant cases accompanied by capsular invasion and lymph node metastasis, in undifferentiated carcinoma cells, and in proliferative lesions of benign diseases. These results suggest that PCNA is indicative of proliferative ability in thyroid diseases. (2) On thyroid tumors, EGFR regions with strong positive staining showed many PCNA positive cell nuclei. EGF appears to have a significant association with proliferative ability in thyroid diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Effect of training fitness on obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and disorders in glucose metabolism].

Effects of physical training on obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and disorders of glucose metabolism were investigated in 359 males, 30-59 years of age. Body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and fructosamine (FA) were measured before and after the 2 month period of physical training at intensities of about 50% of maximal O2 uptake. Results are summarized as follows; 1. Means of BMI, SBP, DBP, TC and FA after the training were significantly lower than before the training. Mean of HDL-C was significantly higher than before the training. 2. In subjects with high BMI (n = 124), high SBP (n = 129) and high DBP (n = 128), means of BMI, SBP and DBP decreased with increase of training time per week. In subjects with low HDL-C (n = 104), high TC (n = 135) and high FA (n = 66), changes in means of TC, HDL-C and FA after the training did not show a relationship to training time per week. 3. Differences observed for measured values before and after the training of 2-3 hours per week were 0.4 kg/m2 in BMI, 15 mmHg in SBP and 10 mmHg in DBP, suggesting that training of 2-3 hours per week was effective in intervention of obesity and hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Elevation of soluble IL-2 receptor and IL-4, and nonelevation of IFN-gamma in sera from patients with allergic asthma.

To determine whether the predominant in vivo activation of Th1 subset or Th2 subset in peripheral blood occurs in patients with allergic asthma, we measured serum levels of Th1 cell-derived interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and Th2 cell-derived interleukin-4 (IL-4). In addition, serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) released from activated T cells were measured to determine a potential source of these cytokines. The elevation of serum IL-4 levels and nonelevation of serum IFN-gamma levels were observed in patients with allergic asthma compared with normal control subjects. A significant correlation between serum IL-4 levels and serum sIL-2R levels was observed in these patients. These results suggest that there is allergen-induced in vivo activation of Th2-like cells in peripheral blood of patients with allergic asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Compton scatter compensation using the triple-energy window method for single- and dual-isotope SPECT.

The spatial distribution of scattered photons varies depending on many factors such as object size and source distribution. We propose a triple-energy window (TEW) scatter compensation method for determining position-dependent Compton scatter. We estimated the count of primary photons at each pixel in the acquired image using the 24% main window centered at the photo peak energy and 3 keV scatter rejection windows on both sides of the main window. We conducted a physical evaluation of this method using phantoms and also applied this method to patients in a clinical trial. The TEW method performed Compton scatter compensation with good accuracy.

Gamma Cameras↗
PubMed1993

[Cytomegaloviral inclusions detected in the seminal vesicle, ductus deferens and lungs in an autopsy case of lung cancer].

We report a case of cytomegalovirus infection of the seminal vesicle and ductus deferens in a 32-year-old Japanese man with papillary adenocarcinoma of the lung. Although the lungs are usually a target organ of cytomegalovirus infection, most organs can be involved. However, the male reproductive system has rarely been reported infected with the virus. H.E. sections of our case showed cytomegaloviral inclusions in many ductal epithelia of the seminal vesicle and ductus deferens as well as macrophages of the lungs. Immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibody to cytomegalovirus disclosed viral antigenicity in these infected cells. Electron microscopy recovered enlarged infected cells packed with viral nucleocapsids approximately 100 nm in size. These nucleocapsids were enveloped in the cytoplasm and consistent with the Herpesviridae family. To our knowledge, our case is the first report of cytomegalovirus infection of the seminal vesicle and ductus deferens in the English and Japanese literature.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1993

[Prediction of future trends of HIV infection and AIDS in Japan].

Current status and future trends of HIV infection and AIDS in Japan were estimated based on AIDS surveillance data up until 1992, excluding HIV infection from blood products and blood-borne transmission. The coverage rate of reports of HIV infection was estimated as the proportion of the reported AIDS cases who are also included in reports of HIV infection. Current numbers of HIV infected persons were then estimated to be the reported numbers divided by the coverage rate. Future numbers of HIV infected persons were predicted by extrapolation. Future numbers of AIDS cases were predicted based on the predicted numbers of HIV infected persons and the incubation distribution. The results were as follows: 1) The coverage rate of the reports of HIV infection was estimated to be 11.5%. 2) The numbers of HIV infected persons were estimated to be 2,900 in Japanese and 4,500 in foreigners by the end of 1992, and are predicted to be 7,700 in Japanese and 15,500 in foreigners by the end of 1997. 3) The numbers of AIDS cases were reported to be 125 in Japanese and 52 in foreigners by the end of 1992, and are predicted to be 1,100 in Japanese and 1,600 in foreigners (including AIDS cases developed after return to home country) by the end of 1997.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗