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Biomedical subjects

S Harris

Publications and source records attributed to S Harris.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Therapeutic uses of oral history techniques in medicine.

Use of the oral history technique in clinical medicine supplies significant additional psycho-social and other data that supplement the regular medical history and illuminate the psychological, social, and spiritual background of healthy or ailing aging patients. This information enables the physician to become better acquainted with the effects of the major crises of living on his patients and to use this information and insight to help the patient and his family to understand themselves better and to cope more successfully with the problems of living, aging, and illness. This presentation describes some practical applications of oral history techniques in clinical medical practice and discusses their usefulness for gerontological research.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of glyburide in diabetics poorly controlled on first-generation oral hypoglycemics.

Twenty-four type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients poorly controlled on maximum doses of first-generation oral hypoglycemic agents were switched to glyburide. There was a significant decrease in glycosylated hemoglobin, but the level was normalized in only four patients; there was no correlation with age, weight, or duration of diabetes. The best predictor for improvement was initial failure on tolbutamide, as opposed to the other first-generation drugs. Patients not controlled with 500 mg/day of chlorpropamide were less likely to benefit from glyburide therapy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pulse volume recordings in outer ear canal in pulse synchronous tinnitus. A comparison between ears with Glomus tumour, serous otitis media, and normal ears.

With the aid of a volume flowmeter it is possible to record pulse synchromous volumetric changes in the outer ear canal. In 7 ears with glomus tumour in the tympanic cavity and in 5 with serous otitis media, such changes were larger than in 125 persons with a normal middle ear. By changing the ambient pressure in a pressure chamber and instructing the patients not to swallow, the drum can be pushed inward or outward. In all the cases of glomus tumour studied the pulse volumetric change was considerably affected when the drum was pushed inward or outward. In the normal patients the change was no change at all. This means that the pulse volume changes in normals are generated mainly by the vessels in the outer ear canal.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preoperative test of bleeding time in ear surgery.

In 300 patients subjected to ear surgery the bleeding time according to Ivy was determined preoperatively. In 25 cases prolonged bleeding time was found. Further investigations revealed mild thromboasthenia in 4 cases and enhanced fibrinolytic activity in one instance. In 10 patients the cause was intake of drugs containing acetylsalicylic acid. During operation the patients were treated with AMCA and in two cases fresh blood also was given. Even slightly enhanced bleeding can affect the results in microsurgery of the ear. We therefore suggest that bleeding time should be determined as a preoperative routine in order to detect the patients in need of specific treatment. Patients also should be recommended to avoid drugs containing acetylsalicylic acid for a fortnight before surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ototoxicity of netilmicin.

Ototoxicity and efficacy of netilmicin was evaluated in 76 consecutive patients with moderate to severe infections with Gram-negative rods and Staphylococcus aureus. Netilmicin alone was efficacious in 47 patients and in another 23 patients cure or improvement was seen with netilmicin combined with another antibiotic, usually penicillin. Therapeutic failure was seen in 4 cases, 2 of which were regarded as netilmicin failures. Vestibular function and hearing acuity was thoroughly examined by electronystagmography and audiometry. In spite of the extensive examination of the audiovestibular function it was possible to detect only one probable case of ototoxicity related to netilmicin, a reversible vestibular dysfunction. The importance of pre-therapeutic audiovestibular examination is stressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alcohol as a primary risk factor in oral squamous carcinoma.

This case-control study investigates the role of alcohol as a primary risk factor in the development of oral cancer. A total of 181 patients diagnosed as having squamous carcinoma of the oral cavity were interviewed, and 497 controls. The relative risk for drinkers adjusted for smoking was 3.3, 15.2, and 10.6 for those who drank less than six, six to nine, and 10 or more whiskey equivalents (WEs) a day, respectively. The relative risk for smokers adjusted for drinking rose only from 3.2 to 4.5 to 5.0 for smokers of 10 to 19, 20 to 39, and 40 or more cigarettes a day, respectively. Beer/wine drinkers had much higher relative risks than the whiskey drinkers. The adjusted relative risk for whiskey drinkers consuming 10 or more WEs a day was 7.3; the adjusted relative risk for beer/wine drinkers consuming 10 or more WEs a day was 20.4. These results indicate that drinkers of six or more WEs a day may be at greater risk than smokers of 40 or more cigarettes a day, and that beer and wine may be greater risk factors than whiskey in the development of oral cancer.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Results of a prospective randomized trial of botulinum toxin therapy in acute unilateral sixth nerve palsy.

Forty-seven patients entered a prospective randomized trial to assess the effect of early botulinum neurotoxin A treatment to the ipsilateral antagonist medial rectus on the ultimate recovery rate of acute unilateral sixth nerve palsy. Twenty-two patients received injections and 25 acted as controls. The overall etiologies were microvascular (72.3%), unknown (17%), multiple sclerosis (6%), and one case each of central nervous system (CNS) sarcoidosis and basilar artery ectasia. Eighty-three percent of the patients entered the trial within 2 weeks of the onset of symptoms and 95.7% within 3 weeks. The controls had a final recovery rate of 20/25 (80%), and the injected group had a final recovery rate of 19/22 (86%). No serious side effects were encountered. We conclude that there is no evidence for a prophylactic effect of botulinum toxin in the group that we have studied.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Giving injections.

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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1↗
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Objective intraoperative method to record averaged electromyographic stapedius muscle reflexes in cochlear implant patients.

We have developed a procedure to measure the averaged stapedius muscle reflex in response to electrical stimulation (AESR) with a cochlear implant. The AESR, as activated by ipsilateral stimulation with a cochlear implant, was investigated intra-operatively in a series of 12 children. After the cochlear implant was placed into the cochlea and secured by the surgeon, an electromyographic (EMG) needle electrode was gently placed into the stapedius muscle. During stimulation of the cochlear implant, the stapedius reflex was monitored visually (VESR) and as an averaged EMG response (AESR). Consistent AESRs were obtained in 7 of the 12 children. These measures provide a method to obtain stapedius muscle responses that may be helpful in the programming of young children with cochlear implants. Comparative post-operative measures were also obtained, including behavioral threshold levels, behavioral comfort levels, and the contralateral stapedius reflex threshold (ESR) on selected electrodes.

Auditory Threshold↗