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Biomedical subjects

S Harris

Publications and source records attributed to S Harris.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Working within the law: guidelines for veterinary surgeons and wildlife rehabilitators on the rehabilitation of wild mammals.

In recent years there has been a considerable increase in the numbers of both veterinary surgeons and wildlife rehabilitators involved in the care and rescue of wildlife. Several publications are available offering practical advice on what to do, but many of the people working in this field are unclear as to which laws apply to wildlife rehabilitation. This paper provides a summary of the legal position as it relates to the rehabilitation of wild mammals in Britain.

Animal Welfare↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differential N-acetylation of alpha-MSH and beta-endorphin in the intermediate pituitary of the turtle, Pseudemys scripta.

Steady-state analyses of the intermediate pituitary of the turtle, Pseudemys scripta, indicated that alpha-MSH-sized immunoreactive forms and beta-endorphin-sized immunoreactive forms are major end products of melanotropic cells. Three forms of alpha-MSH-related immunoreactivity were detected. The two major forms had the same reversed-phase HPLC properties as synthetic N,O-diacetyl-ACTH(1-13)-NH2 and N-acetyl-ACTH(1-13)-NH2. These forms accounted for 97% of the total alpha-MSH-related immunoreactivity detected. A minor peak of ACTH(1-13)-NH2 was also detected. Multiple forms of beta-endorphin-related immunoreactivity were detected, which varied in net positive charge (+1 to +5), apparent molecular weight (2.4 to 3.5 kDa), and degree of N-terminal acetylation. Although N-acetylated forms of beta-endorphin were detected in the turtle intermediate pituitary, the major forms of turtle beta-endorphin were nonacetylated. These features of the turtle intermediate pituitary POMC-specific N-acetylation mechanism are similar to, yet distinct from, the POMC N-acetylation mechanisms observed for mammals. These data suggest that POMC-specific N-acetylation mechanisms were present in reptiles prior to the divergence of the anapsid and synapsid lines.

Acetylation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Glycemic control and longitudinal testing for exercise microalbuminuria in subjects with type I diabetes.

There is a need for better and earlier markers of clinical renal damage in subjects with Type I diabetes. In this prospective study, exercise albumin excretion rates (AERs) were studied longitudinally for a 4-year period in 187 young subjects with Type I diabetes. For this time period, 54% of subjects continued to have normal overnight and exercise AERs, 11% had continuously elevated exercise and overnight AERs, 11% developed an elevated exercise AER with the overnight AER remaining normal, and 12% had a normal overnight AER throughout the study, with initially elevated exercise levels later decreasing to normal. This improvement in exercise AER was associated with improved glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) values for 64% of the subjects (p = 0.0004, paired t test). Five percent of subjects, who initially had only an elevated exercise AER, developed a consistently elevated overnight AER. Seven of these nine subjects showed either worsening (greater than 10%) or no improvement in their HbA1 values from the initial to the final study periods. Five percent of subjects continued to have an elevated exercise and normal overnight AER throughout the study. These results show that the elevated exercise AER represents a definite transitional stage between a normal and an abnormal (greater than 30 micrograms/min) overnight AER. In addition, a "window" exists during which an elevated exercise AER may be reversed by improved glucose control, but if this improvement does not occur, progression to an increased overnight AER is likely to result.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Elevation of resting and exercise blood pressures in subjects with type I diabetes and relation to albuminuria.

The etiology of diabetic nephropathy is currently unknown, but blood pressure is believed an important risk factor. A total of 173 subjects with type I diabetes who participated in two or more exercise tests with simultaneous measurements of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate were studied. Subjects with diabetes had significantly elevated resting and exercise diastolic and systolic BPs when compared with controls. This was not related to the presence of albuminuria. During exercise, elevation of diastolic BP was present in 65 (38%) of the 173 test subjects. Elevated exercise diastolic BPs among the subjects with diabetes (excluding controls) was present only for subjects with elevated exercise and overnight albuminuria. It is concluded that factors other than early diabetic nephropathy are likely related to elevated resting and exercise BPs in subjects with diabetes compared with controls. Early renal damage, however, is related to further elevations in resting and exercise diastolic BPs within the group of subjects with diabetes.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perspectives on the nursing management of osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis is a daily presence in the lives of almost 16 million older people. Without expert nursing care, functional health status and the ability to manage independently may be dramatically altered. Nursing parameters include pain control, medication assessment, use of exercise, diet, joint protection, and attention to the psychosocial factors that affect both pain and disability. Patient education with regular, periodic follow-up is a vital part of successful long-term management.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 by insulin-like growth factor I in human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells.

The activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 by insulin-like growth factor I in human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells was examined by Mono Q ion exchange chromatography of cell extracts and measurement of myelin basic protein kinase activity, and by immunoblotting of cell extracts with a phospho-specific extracellular signal-regulated kinase antibody. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 appeared to be activated in resting cells and addition of insulin-like growth factor I resulted in the activation primarily of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 was found in the nucleus after addition of insulin-like growth factor I.

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perceptions of alcohol-related attendances in accident and emergency departments in England: a national survey.

The results from a survey, conducted in February and March 1997, of all Accident and Emergency (A&E) departments in England are presented. The survey examined staff perceptions of the preventive role of A&E departments in screening and intervention in alcohol-related attendances. Perceptions of the prevalence of alcohol-related attendances were also included. Attitudes towards developing a preventive response were positive. Few departments currently screen or offer intervention and considerable barriers to the implementation of a preventive response were reported.

Alcohol-Related Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enoxaparin for thromboembolism prophylaxis in spinal injury: preliminary report on experience with 105 patients.

Venous thromboembolism continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with spinal injury (SI). Recently, we reported on the effectiveness and safety of a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), tinzaparin, in preventing deep vein thrombosis in motor-complete SI patients. Recently, another LMWH, enoxaparin, was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for prevention of thromboembolism in hip and knee replacement surgery. Since its approval, we have used 30 mg of enoxaparin subcutaneously every 12 h as routine prophylaxis in all hospitalized SI patients. In this retrospective study, we present an analysis of safety and efficacy of the first six months experience, during which 105 patients received the drug. No patient developed clinical evidence of thromboembolism, and none of the 60 venous ultrasound examinations showed a deep vein thrombus. Eleven patients had evidence of hemorrhage, but the LMWH was considered to have contributed to the bleeding in only three. This additional experience with enoxaparin reinforces our previous conclusion that LMWHs are safe and effective thromboprophylactic agents in SI patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital cytomegalovirus infection and sensorineural hearing loss.

In a prospective study still in progress, infants with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection were followed with audiological, ophthalmological, neurological, and psychological tests; 10,328 infants were investigated within a 5-year period (1977-1982) by virus isolation in urine within the first week of life. Fifty (0.5%) had a congenital CMV infection. In this group four children turned out to have total deafness and a fifth possibly a mild hearing disorder. In one case the deafness was associated with severe mental retardation and spastic tetraplegia. The mother of the child had a primary CMV infection in the first trimester. In one of the other cases of severe deafness it could be proven that the mother had had a secondary CMV infection and in further two cases, presumed secondary infections. Prospective serological tests of the mothers would not have revealed more than one of the high risk pregnancies. The value of vaccination against congenital CMV infection is questioned. Screening of newborn infants for congenital CMV infection is recommended in order to reveal infants at high risk for deafness and make an early habilitation possible.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antihypertensive efficacy of candesartan in comparison to losartan: the CLAIM study.

An 8-week, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, forced-titration study was conducted to evaluate the antihypertensive efficacy of candesartan vs. losartan in 654 hypertensive patients with a diastolic blood pressure between 95 and 114 mm Hg from 72 sites throughout the U.S. Eligible patients were randomized to candesartan cilexetil 16 mg once daily, or losartan 50 mg once daily. Two weeks following randomization, patients doubled the respective doses of their angiotensin receptor blockers for an additional 6 weeks. At week 8, candesartan cilexetil lowered trough systolic/diastolic blood pressure by a significantly greater amount than did losartan (13.3/10.9 mm Hg with candesartan cilexetil vs. 9.8/8.7 mm Hg with losartan; p less than 0.001). At the same period, candesartan cilexetil also lowered peak blood pressure by a significantly greater amount than did losartan (15.2 to 11.6 mm Hg with candesartan cilexetil vs. 12.6 to 10.1 mm Hg with losartan; p less than 0.05). There were statistically significantly (p less than 0.05) higher proportions of responders and controlled patients in the candesartan cilexetil group (62.4% and 56.0%, respectively) than in the losartan group (54.0% and 46.9%, respectively). Both treatment regimens were well tolerated; 1.8% in the candesartan cilexetil group and 1.6% in the losartan group withdrew because of adverse events. In conclusion, this forced-titration study confirms that candesartan cilexetil is more effective than losartan in lowering blood pressure when both are administered once daily at maximum doses. Both drugs were well tolerated. (c)2001 by Le Jacq.

Adult↗