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Biomedical subjects

S Haider

Publications and source records attributed to S Haider.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Trace element studies on Karachi populations. Part V: Blood lead levels in normal healthy adults and grammar school children.

Blood lead levels of healthy Karachi population were estimated. Mean levels for males, females, soldiers and school children were 34.4, 31.8, 29.9 and 38.2 micrograms/dl respectively. About 93% cases of either sex had elevated lead levels, of whom 30% males and 10% females had levels above the safety limits (40 micrograms/dl). Soldiers living in relatively pollution free area though had levels lower than the rest of the population but 91% had levels over 25 micrograms/dl and only two had acceptable levels. Ninety-two percent children showed levels above 25 micrograms/dl with a large number having levels over 40 micrograms/dl. A very small percentage had normal levels. Pollution by traffic exhaust was assumed to be the principal cause for these high levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

In vitro effects of cyanoketone and epostane on LH-induced germinal vesicle breakdown in oocytes of Indian major carps.

The effect of cyanoketone (inhibitor of delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) and epostane (inhibitor of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) on LH-induced in vitro germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in the oocytes of Indian major carps, Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala, and Catla catla, was investigated using five concentrations for each inhibitor. Both of these inhibitors could significantly inhibit the LH-induced GVBD at all of their concentrations in L. rohita and C. catla. However, in C. mrigala, when the oocytes were incubated with cyanoketone or epostane along with LH, the rate of GVBD was not induced significantly at their lowest concentration but four other higher concentrations could inhibit the LH-induced GVBD. A probable mechanism of inhibition of the oocyte maturation by these inhibitors is discussed in the light of available literature.

Androstenols↗
PubMed1989

Trace element studies on Karachi population, Part II: Normal ranges for blood copper, zinc and magnesium for children and adolescents.

Normal ranges for copper, zinc and magnesium in whole blood have been established for healthy school going children of Indo-Pak origin. Age groups of 7 to 11 years had slightly elevated levels of these metals when compared with the groups below 7 and above 12 years, except that for females levels increased with age for zinc and decreased for magnesium.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

In vitro effect of mammalian pituitary hormones on germinal vesicle breakdown in oocytes of major carps, Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala, Catla catla and Cyprinus carpio.

Among all the mammalian pituitary hormones, luteinizing hormone (LH) was the most potent in vitro inducer of oocyte maturation in L. rohita, C. mrigala, C. catla and C. carpio. It induced significant germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) at concentrations of 10, 1, 0.1 and 0.01 micrograms/ml. At the highest concentration used, LH induced 77.9 +/- 5.9, 73.8 +/- 4.6, 50.3 +/- 2.8 and 40.8 +/- 1.4% GVBD in oocytes of L. rohita, C. mrigala, C. catla and C. carpio, respectively. Among other hormones, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) induced only a marginally significant GVBD (13.2 +/- 0.8%) in the oocytes of C. carpio, but not in other three species. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) had no effect on GVBD.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of malathion and endosulfan on brain acetylcholinesterase and ovarian steroidogenesis of Channa punctatus (Bloch).

The effect of sublethal concentrations of malathion (organophosphorus insecticide) and endosulfan (organochlorine insecticide) was investigated in Channa punctatus. Brain acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and ovarian delta 5,3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (delta 5,3 beta-HSD) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) activities were studied. Apart from the loss of stage II and III oocytes, the absence of delta 5,3 beta-HSD and G-6-PD activity indicating the inhibition of steroidogenesis was seen in the malathion- and endosulfan-treated fish ovaries. Malathion demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition of brain AchE activity, whereas endosulfan caused no significant reduction of AchE activity.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1987

Germinal vesicle breakdown in oocytes of catfish, Mystus vittatus (Bloch): in vitro effectiveness of mammalian pituitary hormones.

The effect of six mammalian pituitary hormones on germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in Mystus vittatus oocytes was investigated in vitro. bLH was found to be most effective at the concentration of 10 micrograms/ml of incubation medium, causing GVBD in 68.4 +/- 1.2% oocytes (P less than 0.001). It could also induce GVBD at the concentrations of 1.0 micrograms/ml (P less than 0.001) and 0.1 micrograms/ml (P less than 0.005). Among other hormones, oFSH could cause GVBD in 16.6 +/- 2.8 and 9.7 +/- 1.0% oocytes at the concentrations of 10 and 1.0 microgram/ml, respectively (P less than 0.05). However, bTSH, bGH, oPRL, and hACTH (synthetic) had no effect on GVBD in the oocytes of this species.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1986

Effects of cyproterone acetate and flutamide on the testis and epididymis of the Indian wall lizard, Hemidactylus flaviviridis (Ruppell).

Intramuscular injections of 0.2 mg cyproterone acetate (CA) or flutamide every other day for 6 weeks resulted in the inhibition of spermatogenesis. While CA treatment reduced the weight of the testis significantly, flutamide did not. Inhibition of steroidogenesis, indicated by an accumulation of sudanophilic lipid and a decrease in delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, was evident in the Leydig cells of CA-treated testis. Flutamide, on the other hand, had no effect on the activity of Leydig cells. A marked decline in epididymal weight, as well as reduction in epithelial cell height, was caused by both CA and flutamide. The epithelial cells of epididymes of treated lizards exhibited an accumulation of sudanophilic lipid material in their cytoplasm. However, sudanophilic secretions present in the lumina of epididymal tubules were greatly reduced. This indicates either lack of synthesis of lipid or decrease in its turn over. Our results are in agreement with those obtained in mammalian species after CA or flutamide treatment where a decrease in fertility is suggested.

Anilides↗
PubMed1986

Germinal vesicle breakdown in oocytes of catfish, Mystus vittatus (Bloch): relative in vitro effectiveness of estradiol-17 beta, androgens, corticosteroids, progesterone, and other pregnene derivatives.

The relative in vitro effectiveness of estradiol-17 beta, androgen, corticosteroids, progesterone, and other pregnene derivatives on germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) using folliculated oocytes of an Indian catfish Mystus vittatus was investigated. 17 alpha,20 beta-Dihydroxyprogesterone was found to be the most effective maturation-inducing steroid (MIS). Estradiol-17 beta and testosterone were not effective but androsterone was found to be fairly effective in final oocyte maturation. Deoxycorticosterone (DOC), hydrocortisone, progesterone, and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone were also effective at their higher concentrations. Among 5 beta-reduced pregnenes, all but 5 beta-pregnene-3 alpha-ol-20-one could induce oocyte maturation. The significance of these findings in relation to the progestagens as natural MIS and the present controversial position of another Indian catfish Heteropneustes fossilis is discussed in the light of available literature.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1986

Effect of commercial formulation of four organophosphorus insecticides on the LH-induced germinal vesicle breakdown in the oocytes of a freshwater teleost, Mystus vittatus (Bloch)--a preliminary in vitro study.

Effect of commercial formulation of four organophosphorus insecticides such as malathion, phosdrin (mevinphos), birlane (chlorfenvinphos), and gardona (tetrachlorvinphos) on LH-induced in vitro germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in the oocytes of Mystus vittatus was investigated using three concentrations for each insecticide. All of these insecticides could significantly inhibit the LH-induced GVBD in all of their concentrations except two lower concentrations of birlane. A probable mechanism of inhibition of reproduction by these insecticides is discussed in the light of present findings.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Relative toxicity of technical material and commercial formulation of malathion and endosulfan to a freshwater fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch).

Relative toxicity of technical and commercial formulations of malathion and endosulfan were evaluated by determining LC50 values and their 95% confidence interval end points for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr exposure to Channa punctatus using the "trimmed Spearman-Karber method." The commercial formulations of malathion and endosulfan were 1.176 and 1.88 times more toxic than their technical materials, respectively. Ninety-six-hour LC50 values (0% trimming) of technical and commercial formulations of malathion and endosulfan (95% confidence interval in parentheses) were 4.51 (4.11-4.96) and 3.89 (3.46-4.38) mg/liter, and 5.78 (4.49-7.44) and 3.07 (2.43-3.84) micrograms/liter, respectively. Fishes showed characteristic changes in behavior when exposed to various concentrations of these insecticides.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effect of commercial formulation of four organophosphorus insecticides on the ovaries of a freshwater teleost, Mystus vittatus (bloch)--a histological and histochemical study.

The chronic effect of an exposure to a sublethal concentration of commercial formulation of 4 organophosphorus insecticides such as birlane (chlorfenvinphos), gardona (tetrachlorvinphos), phosdrin (mevinphos) and malathion on midvitellogenic ovaries of Mystus vittatus was investigated using several histological and histochemical techniques. The loss of stage II and III oocytes accompanied by a significant decline in gonadosomatic index was recorded. The vitellogenesis in treated fishes was ceased as the oocytes did not advance to further stages as evidenced by the absence of lipid yolks and the lack of a PAS positive follicular layer. The RNA content of remaining stage I oocytes of exposed fishes resembled that of the stage I oocytes of the control fishes. The absence of delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase suggested the lack of steroidogenesis. Reduced glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was also observed. The significance of these observations has been discussed in light of available literature.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1985

Effects of season, ovariectomy and mammalian gonadotropins on the oviduct of Indian wall lizard Hemidactylus flaviviridis (Ruppel).

The oviducts of Hemidactylus flaviviridis exhibited seasonal changes and their enlargement coincided with a gradual increase in the size of the ovaries. During the breeding season (April) the oviductal wall was lined by tall, columnar epithelium which consisted of flask-like ciliated and nonciliated cells. The epithelium reacted strongly with PAS and Sudan Black-B and exhibited delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (delta 5-3 beta-HSD) and Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) activity indicating that the oviducts of this lizard might be involved in the steroid metabolism. In the nonbreeding lizards the oviduct showed degeneration marked by the reduction in the size and height of the epithelium which contained Sudan Black-B but not PAS positive granules. It also lacked delta 5-3 beta-HSD and G-6-PD activity. Ovariectomy resulted in decreased activity of the oviduct. When the specimens having small, previtellogenic ovarian follicles and regressed oviduct were treated with FSH alone or with a combination of FSH and LH, the epithelium of the oviduct showed stimulatory changes as indicated by the increased epithelial cell height and high delta 5-3 beta-HSD and G-6-PD activity. By contrast, LH alone remained without marked effects.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1982

Histochemical and experimental study on the adrenal of the freshwater catfish, Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch).

The adrenal tissue is situated around the cardinal vein and its branches in the pronephric head kidney. The medullary cells are largely confined to the wall of these blood vessels whereas the cortical cells are arranged in several layers around the medullary cells. The cortical cells are eosinophilic and give positive reaction to sudan black-B, Baker's acid haematein and Schultz's tests. In response to ACTH and thiourea treatments the cortical cells exhibited hypertrophy, degranulation and depletion of lipid content. Pronounced cortical atrophy was evident in the hypophysectomised specimens. Marked involution was noticed in the cortical cells in response to hydrocortisone treatment. The medullary cells are larger than the cortical cells and are eosinophobic. They give positive reaction to ferric-ferricyanide, PAS and ascorbic acid tests. Two types of medullary cells could be differentiated with the help of dichromate, iodate and glutaraldehyde-silver techniques. These cells did not exhibit any visible change after ACTH, hydrocortisone and thiourea treatments. However, reduction in the cellular size is obvious in the hypophysectomised fish.

Adrenal Cortex↗