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Biomedical subjects

S Haider

Publications and source records attributed to S Haider.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Effect of chlorpromazine on brain biogenic amines in normal and hyperglycemic state.

In present study the effects of chlorpromazine (CPZ) were studied on NA, DA and its metabolities i.e. DOPAC and HVA as well as on 5-HT and its metabolite 5-HIAA in normal and hyperglycemic rats. Significant differences were noted in brain biogenic amines of normal and diabetic control animals. In case of CPZ treated normal and hyperglycemic rats significant differences were observed only in case DOPAC and 5-HIAA. NA and 5-HIAA levels were significantly affected by CPZ and diabetes interaction.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Neurochemical and behavioural effects of long term intake of tea.

Tea consumption in many cases is the main source of caffeine intake in humans. In the present study neurochemical and behavioural effects of long-term tea intake are monitored in rats. Long-term tea administration did not alter plasma tryptophan (TRP) but significantly attenuated brain TRP and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) levels. Brain 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) was comparable in both tea-treated and control rats. An increase in home cage activity was observed after one week in rats taking tea as sole source of liquid, whereas no change on the activity was observed in an open field. Caffeinism has been associated with depression. The decreases of brain monoamine metabolism observed in present study are discussed as lowering of mood observed in tea or coffee consumers.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Effects of cinchocaine cocaine analogs on brain mono amines and their metabolites in male mice.

Cinchocaine analogs were studied to determine the effects of acute administration of cocaine analogs on dopamine, 5- hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and their metabolites. Psychomotor stimulants, (such as cinchocaine), potently influencing dopamine transport carrier were used to characterize in-vivo DA transmission. DA, DOPAC, HVA level and indoleamine were measured in brain after drug administration. Significant changes in levels of DA, DOPAC, 5-HT, 5HIAA and HVA were noted. The present findings suggests that acute administration of cinchocaine increases the level of Dopamine, 5-HT and their metabolites and alter the level of amines as compare to control group. These studies also indicate that difference in structure do not affect the binding sites and inhibition of amine uptake.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Effects of diazepam and cinchocaine on biogenic amines.

Neurochemical and behavioural research show that benzodiazepines are well know anxiolytic drugs, which are also used for the treatment of epilepsy, hypnosis and insomnia. Administration of benzodiazepine to experimental animals produces anxiolytic-like effects in various animal and decreases exploratory activity. Psychomotor stimulants such as cinchocaine also showed potent effect on brain biogenic amines and their metabolite. The present studies indicate the changes in dopamine and 5-HT and their metabolites levels after acute administration of cinchocaine and diazepam.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Food restriction decreases serotonin and its synthesis rate in the hypothalamus.

Rats fed on a restricted feeding (RF) schedule of 4 h day-1 to produce a 15-20% reduction in body weight were killed before (starved) and after (fed) the presentation of food on the sixth day to compare 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin) metabolism and synthesis rate in the hypothalamus with freely feeding (FF) controls. The RF rats showed lower 5-HT concentration and synthesis rate than FF controls. Restricted feeding did not decrease tryptophan concentration in the hypothalamus. However, RF-fed rats had lower tryptophan concentration than RF starved rats. 5-HIAA concentration was comparable in RF fed rats and FF controls but higher in RF starved rats. Possible implications of the findings in the pathogenesis of the food deprivation/starvation-related disease anorexia nervosa are discussed.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1996

The in vitro effects of forskolin, IBMX and cyanoketone on meiotic maturation in follicle-enclosed catfish (Clarias batrachus) oocytes.

The effects of an adenylate cyclase activator (forskolin, FK), phosphodiesterase inhibitor (3-isobutyl-l-methyl-xanthine, IBMX) and an inhibitor of steroidogenesis (cyanoketone, CK) on germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in the catfish (Clarias batrachus) were investigated in vitro. In most of the experiments GVBD was induced by using 1 microgram/ml 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17 alpha,20 beta-DP), which is the maturation-inducing steroid (MIS) for this species. Adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) levels were also measured in the control, MIS-induced and/or FK- and IBMX-treated follicle-enclosed oocytes. MIS-induced GVBD was inhibited by FK (> or = 0.5 microM) or IBMX (> or = 1.0 mM), but oocyte exposed to 0.1 microM FK or 0.5 mM IBMX, after MIS stimulation, underwent GVBD. However, an inhibition of GVBD was recorded when the MIS-induced folliculated oocytes were preincubated with CK (1 microgram/ml) and subsequently treated with 0.1 microM FK. In the time course study, when the oocytes were stimulated by MIS for various time intervals and then treated with 1.0 microM FK or 1.0 mM IBMX, both the substances blocked maturation if they were added up to 12 hr after MIS. The extent of inhibition was gradually decreased and was completely removed after 30 hr of post-MIS stimulation. The stimulatory dose of 17 alpha,20 beta-DP (1 microgram/ml) not only induced GVBD (83.2 +/- 1.50%) in vitro but also reduced oocyte cAMP level (65.3 +/- 2.85 pmol/100 micrograms protein) significantly after 6 hr of incubation. However, FK (10.0 microM) or IBMX (1.0 mM) countered these effects and promoted the accumulation of cAMP in the oocytes; FK being more potent. On the other hand, when unstimulated full-grown but immature oocytes were cultured in vitro in the presence of different concentrations of FK, an induction of oocyte maturation was recorded in dose- and time-dependent manner. These results strongly suggest the involvement of cAMP in the regulation of catfish oocyte maturation.

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine↗
PubMed1996

Seizure control: how to use the new antiepileptic drugs in older patients.

Three new antiepileptic drugs--vigabatrin, gabapentin, and lamotrigine--provide alternatives in the management of older patients with refractory partial seizures. Each appears to have a unique mechanism of action. Clinical trials indicate that routine lab monitoring is not necessary for the safe and effective use of these drugs. They also do not induce liver enzymes or alter the metabolism of other antiepileptic drugs, thus minimizing the risk of interactions. Potential side effects of these agents include dizziness, somnolence, and other signs of CNS depression.

Acetates↗
PubMed1995

Effects of cyproterone acetate on FSH and testosterone influenced spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis and epididymis in the Indian wall lizard, Hemidactylus flaviviridis (Ruppell).

The effects of FSH, testosterone and either cyproterone acetate (CPA) alone or in combination with FSH or testosterone on testis and epididymis in male lizards were studied histologically and histochemically during recrudescent phase to find out whether the onset of spermatogenesis is androgen dependent or FSH dependent. The testes of control lizards consisted of mainly spermatogonia, a few primary spermatocytes and secondary spermatocytes rarely. The interstitial or Leydig cells were atrophied. FSH treatment induced spermatogenic activity substantially as indicated by increase in number of primary and secondary spermatocytes and transformation of secondary spermatocytes into spermatids and into spermatozoa in a few cases. Besides, steroidogenic activity was also remarkably stimulated as evidences by considerable depletion of sudanophilic lipid and an increase in Delta5-3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme activity in Leydig cells. However, testosterone treatment resulted in the inhibition of spermatogenesis. A significant inhibition of spermatogenesis was noted in lizards treated either with CPA alone or in combination with FSH. The inhibitory effect of CPA on spermatogenesis was increased when it was given in combination with testosterone. The results indicate that onset of spermatogenic activity is dependent on FSH (or FSH-like protein), but not on the androgen. The ductus epididymidis in control lizards was regressed with low cuboidal epithelium. The lumen of the tubules was totally devoid of secretory material and spermatozoa. FSH treatment induced a marked hypertrophy in epididymidis. The lumen became filled with secretory material mixed with spermatozoa. The hypertrophy in epididymidis was also recorded after the treatment with testosterone, but the degree of induction was not to that extent as noted in FSH treated ones. However, CPA injected either with FSH or with testosterone resulted in the profound atrophy in epididymidis.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Self medication or self care: implication for primary health care strategies.

To determine the frequency of self-medication, a cross-sectional study was conducted in a Karachi district by selecting households through systematic random sampling. Health seeking behaviour for childhood illnesses and assessment of the magnitude and reasons for self-medication were done by interviewing mothers/caretakers. Five hundred households were visited, of which 158 fulfilled the criteria of having one sick child in the previous month. Medication without prescription was given to 51.3% children, mostly consisting of unidentified drugs or analgesics/antipyretics. Good past experience (61.3%) with the medicine was the main reason for self-medication. The use of medicines by health professionals was the main reason influencing parents for self-medication to their children. Self-medication is difficult to eliminate, but interventions can be made to discourage use of inappropriate and harmful drugs.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Risk factors for drug misuse in Pakistan.

While a number of risk factors have been identified for drug misuse in the United States, little evidence is available about such factors in other societies. This study attempted to identify risk factors in Pakistan. Ten of 11 sociodemographic variables which had previously been identified as predictors in the United States successfully differentiated groups of addicts and controls in Pakistan. About 97% of the 60 addicts studied were at risk on four or more factors; 100% of controls were at risk on four or fewer factors. It appears that the precursors for misuse cut across cultural lines.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Optic neuropathy in uraemic patients on dialysis.

Optic nerve disease has been reported in patients with renal failure. A toxic aetiology has been postulated. The incidence of this complication of renal failure has not been determined. We observed 60 patients with renal failure on dialysis for 24 months to determine the incidence of optic neuropathy. Four patients developed typical acute ischaemic optic neuropathy. Their case notes were reviewed in order to determine the pathogenesis. Each patient had long-standing renal failure and its sequelae of anaemia and hypertension. The immediate causes of ischaemia were hypotension in 1, severe anaemia in 1, and generalised atherosclerosis in 2 patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Tonic pupil in lymphomatoid granulomatosis.

Tonic pupil is due to a lesion of orbital parasympathetic neurons in the ciliary ganglion or short ciliary nerves (1). Precise etiology of the condition remains obscure. In the case described here, development of "tonic pupil" was followed by systemic features typical of lymphomatoid granulomatosis, and diagnosis was confirmed by histology of the skin rash. This case underlines the heterogeneity of the causes of tonic pupil. Vascular occlusion can be a possible mechanism in the pathogenesis of tonic pupil.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Spontaneous extrusion of an intraocular lens implant.

A 51-year-old man with ankylosing spondylitis had intracapsular cataract extraction and anterior chamber lens implantation in the left eye in 1985. He had localized sclerokeratitis around the corneal section and a protracted anterior uveitis in the immediate postoperative period. He developed a spontaneous extrusion of the implant in 1991 (six years later). The extrusion was through a site 1.5 mm posterior to the previous surgical section. There was no corneal decompensation or corneal melt and no history of trauma. Signs of localized scleritis were present. It is suggested that anterior chamber lens implantation should be avoided under these circumstances.

Anterior Chamber↗
PubMed1992

Oocyte maturation in Clarias batrachus: in vitro effect of various gonadotropins and homologous pituitary homogenate.

The effects of five different gonadotropins and homologous pituitary homogenate (HP) on germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) were investigated in vitro using folliculated oocytes of Clarias batrachus. Among all the gonadotropins, salmon gonadotropin (SG-G100) was the most potent in vitro inducer of oocyte maturation. At concentrations of 1, 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 microgram/ml it induced 86.98 +/- 2.71, 68.74 +/- 2.85, 44.56 +/- 1.75 and 25.90 +/- 2.36% GVBD. Next to SG-G100 in inducing GVBD was luteinizing hormone (LH) which was consistently found to be effective at all the concentrations used. Human chorionic gonadotropin was also found to be effective at all the concentrations but when compared to SG-G100 and LH, it was less effective. Follicle stimulating hormone and pregnant mare serum gonadotropin were found to be effective at higher concentrations but were ineffective at the lowest concentration. HP treatment resulted in a significant number of GVBD at all the three concentrations used.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Testis and epididymis of the Indian wall lizard (Hemidactylus flaviviridis): effects of flutamide on FSH and testosterone influenced spermatogenesis, Leydig cell, and epididymis.

To determine the separate spermatogenic actions of FSH and testosterone, adult male lizards Hemidactylus flaviviridis with recrudescent testes were administered the non-steroidal antiandrogen flutamide either alone or in combination with FSH or testosterone, and the histology and histochemistry of the testes and ductus epididymides were studied. Flutamide-treated animals displayed a marked hypertrophy of Leydig cells. A few spermatids were also seen in testis of more than half the animals treated with flutamide. Flutamide also produced a significant increase of primary spermatocytes; no spermatids were observed in controls. A significant inhibition of spermatogenesis was noted in lizards treated either with testosterone alone or in combination with flutamide. Ovine FSH treatment caused a significant stimulation of spermatogenesis, as indicated by the increase of primary and secondary spermatocytes and the transformation of secondary spermatocytes into spermatids or, in a few cases, into spermatozoa. A considerable depletion of sudanophilic lipid and moderate delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity was noted in the Leydig cells of FSH-treated animals indicating enhanced steroidogenesis. Similar results were obtained when lizards were treated with flutamide + FSH. The effects of simultaneous treatment of flutamide with FSH or testosterone on ductus epididymidis revealed that flutamide markedly inhibited the epithelial cell height and lumen diameter with a loss of luminal content when compared to FSH or testosterone-treated lizards.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A study on stability of mestranol.

Mestranol, a synthetic oestrogcn, is an oral contraceptive given alongwith progestogens. It is light, heat and air sensitive and on uv irradiation new polymeric species of glucosiduronate and sulphate conjugate are formed. The new species fractions of mestranol are separatable over sephadex in column chromatography and characterized by analytical techniques employed in this investigation. This investigation is aimed to study formation of these species quantitatively for stability induced formulations.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

Further experimental evidence in support of the involvement of ovarian follicles in oocyte maturation of the Indian catfish, Mystus vittatus.

The role of the ovarian follicular layer in the oocyte maturation of the Indian catfish, Mystus vittatus, was investigated in vitro using cyanoketone and epostane (specific inhibitors of the 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme system). Folliculated oocytes incubated with luteinizing hormone (LH) at the concentration of 10 micrograms/ml induced 67.7 +/- 1.5% of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). When the oocytes were incubated with LH + cyanoketone or epostane, there was a significant drop in the frequency of GVBD. It revealed that the maturational response of M. vittatus oocytes to LH depends on the synthesis of delta 4 steroids (probably 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregen-3-one; 17 alpha,20 beta-diOHprog) from the follicular layer since both the inhibitors failed to abolish the maturational effect of 17 alpha, 20 beta-diOHprog (the most potent maturation-inducing steroid for this species).

Androstenols↗