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Biomedical subjects

S Haider

Publications and source records attributed to S Haider.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Tonic pupil in lymphomatoid granulomatosis.

Tonic pupil is due to a lesion of orbital parasympathetic neurons in the ciliary ganglion or short ciliary nerves (1). Precise etiology of the condition remains obscure. In the case described here, development of "tonic pupil" was followed by systemic features typical of lymphomatoid granulomatosis, and diagnosis was confirmed by histology of the skin rash. This case underlines the heterogeneity of the causes of tonic pupil. Vascular occlusion can be a possible mechanism in the pathogenesis of tonic pupil.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Spontaneous extrusion of an intraocular lens implant.

A 51-year-old man with ankylosing spondylitis had intracapsular cataract extraction and anterior chamber lens implantation in the left eye in 1985. He had localized sclerokeratitis around the corneal section and a protracted anterior uveitis in the immediate postoperative period. He developed a spontaneous extrusion of the implant in 1991 (six years later). The extrusion was through a site 1.5 mm posterior to the previous surgical section. There was no corneal decompensation or corneal melt and no history of trauma. Signs of localized scleritis were present. It is suggested that anterior chamber lens implantation should be avoided under these circumstances.

Anterior Chamber↗
PubMed1992

Oocyte maturation in Clarias batrachus: in vitro effect of various gonadotropins and homologous pituitary homogenate.

The effects of five different gonadotropins and homologous pituitary homogenate (HP) on germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) were investigated in vitro using folliculated oocytes of Clarias batrachus. Among all the gonadotropins, salmon gonadotropin (SG-G100) was the most potent in vitro inducer of oocyte maturation. At concentrations of 1, 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 microgram/ml it induced 86.98 +/- 2.71, 68.74 +/- 2.85, 44.56 +/- 1.75 and 25.90 +/- 2.36% GVBD. Next to SG-G100 in inducing GVBD was luteinizing hormone (LH) which was consistently found to be effective at all the concentrations used. Human chorionic gonadotropin was also found to be effective at all the concentrations but when compared to SG-G100 and LH, it was less effective. Follicle stimulating hormone and pregnant mare serum gonadotropin were found to be effective at higher concentrations but were ineffective at the lowest concentration. HP treatment resulted in a significant number of GVBD at all the three concentrations used.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Testis and epididymis of the Indian wall lizard (Hemidactylus flaviviridis): effects of flutamide on FSH and testosterone influenced spermatogenesis, Leydig cell, and epididymis.

To determine the separate spermatogenic actions of FSH and testosterone, adult male lizards Hemidactylus flaviviridis with recrudescent testes were administered the non-steroidal antiandrogen flutamide either alone or in combination with FSH or testosterone, and the histology and histochemistry of the testes and ductus epididymides were studied. Flutamide-treated animals displayed a marked hypertrophy of Leydig cells. A few spermatids were also seen in testis of more than half the animals treated with flutamide. Flutamide also produced a significant increase of primary spermatocytes; no spermatids were observed in controls. A significant inhibition of spermatogenesis was noted in lizards treated either with testosterone alone or in combination with flutamide. Ovine FSH treatment caused a significant stimulation of spermatogenesis, as indicated by the increase of primary and secondary spermatocytes and the transformation of secondary spermatocytes into spermatids or, in a few cases, into spermatozoa. A considerable depletion of sudanophilic lipid and moderate delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity was noted in the Leydig cells of FSH-treated animals indicating enhanced steroidogenesis. Similar results were obtained when lizards were treated with flutamide + FSH. The effects of simultaneous treatment of flutamide with FSH or testosterone on ductus epididymidis revealed that flutamide markedly inhibited the epithelial cell height and lumen diameter with a loss of luminal content when compared to FSH or testosterone-treated lizards.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Further experimental evidence in support of the involvement of ovarian follicles in oocyte maturation of the Indian catfish, Mystus vittatus.

The role of the ovarian follicular layer in the oocyte maturation of the Indian catfish, Mystus vittatus, was investigated in vitro using cyanoketone and epostane (specific inhibitors of the 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme system). Folliculated oocytes incubated with luteinizing hormone (LH) at the concentration of 10 micrograms/ml induced 67.7 +/- 1.5% of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). When the oocytes were incubated with LH + cyanoketone or epostane, there was a significant drop in the frequency of GVBD. It revealed that the maturational response of M. vittatus oocytes to LH depends on the synthesis of delta 4 steroids (probably 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregen-3-one; 17 alpha,20 beta-diOHprog) from the follicular layer since both the inhibitors failed to abolish the maturational effect of 17 alpha, 20 beta-diOHprog (the most potent maturation-inducing steroid for this species).

Androstenols↗
PubMed1990

Trace element studies on Karachi populations. Part V: Blood lead levels in normal healthy adults and grammar school children.

Blood lead levels of healthy Karachi population were estimated. Mean levels for males, females, soldiers and school children were 34.4, 31.8, 29.9 and 38.2 micrograms/dl respectively. About 93% cases of either sex had elevated lead levels, of whom 30% males and 10% females had levels above the safety limits (40 micrograms/dl). Soldiers living in relatively pollution free area though had levels lower than the rest of the population but 91% had levels over 25 micrograms/dl and only two had acceptable levels. Ninety-two percent children showed levels above 25 micrograms/dl with a large number having levels over 40 micrograms/dl. A very small percentage had normal levels. Pollution by traffic exhaust was assumed to be the principal cause for these high levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

In vitro effects of cyanoketone and epostane on LH-induced germinal vesicle breakdown in oocytes of Indian major carps.

The effect of cyanoketone (inhibitor of delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) and epostane (inhibitor of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) on LH-induced in vitro germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in the oocytes of Indian major carps, Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala, and Catla catla, was investigated using five concentrations for each inhibitor. Both of these inhibitors could significantly inhibit the LH-induced GVBD at all of their concentrations in L. rohita and C. catla. However, in C. mrigala, when the oocytes were incubated with cyanoketone or epostane along with LH, the rate of GVBD was not induced significantly at their lowest concentration but four other higher concentrations could inhibit the LH-induced GVBD. A probable mechanism of inhibition of the oocyte maturation by these inhibitors is discussed in the light of available literature.

Androstenols↗
PubMed1989

Trace element studies on Karachi population, Part II: Normal ranges for blood copper, zinc and magnesium for children and adolescents.

Normal ranges for copper, zinc and magnesium in whole blood have been established for healthy school going children of Indo-Pak origin. Age groups of 7 to 11 years had slightly elevated levels of these metals when compared with the groups below 7 and above 12 years, except that for females levels increased with age for zinc and decreased for magnesium.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

In vitro effect of mammalian pituitary hormones on germinal vesicle breakdown in oocytes of major carps, Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala, Catla catla and Cyprinus carpio.

Among all the mammalian pituitary hormones, luteinizing hormone (LH) was the most potent in vitro inducer of oocyte maturation in L. rohita, C. mrigala, C. catla and C. carpio. It induced significant germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) at concentrations of 10, 1, 0.1 and 0.01 micrograms/ml. At the highest concentration used, LH induced 77.9 +/- 5.9, 73.8 +/- 4.6, 50.3 +/- 2.8 and 40.8 +/- 1.4% GVBD in oocytes of L. rohita, C. mrigala, C. catla and C. carpio, respectively. Among other hormones, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) induced only a marginally significant GVBD (13.2 +/- 0.8%) in the oocytes of C. carpio, but not in other three species. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) had no effect on GVBD.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of malathion and endosulfan on brain acetylcholinesterase and ovarian steroidogenesis of Channa punctatus (Bloch).

The effect of sublethal concentrations of malathion (organophosphorus insecticide) and endosulfan (organochlorine insecticide) was investigated in Channa punctatus. Brain acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and ovarian delta 5,3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (delta 5,3 beta-HSD) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) activities were studied. Apart from the loss of stage II and III oocytes, the absence of delta 5,3 beta-HSD and G-6-PD activity indicating the inhibition of steroidogenesis was seen in the malathion- and endosulfan-treated fish ovaries. Malathion demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition of brain AchE activity, whereas endosulfan caused no significant reduction of AchE activity.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1987

Germinal vesicle breakdown in oocytes of catfish, Mystus vittatus (Bloch): in vitro effectiveness of mammalian pituitary hormones.

The effect of six mammalian pituitary hormones on germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in Mystus vittatus oocytes was investigated in vitro. bLH was found to be most effective at the concentration of 10 micrograms/ml of incubation medium, causing GVBD in 68.4 +/- 1.2% oocytes (P less than 0.001). It could also induce GVBD at the concentrations of 1.0 micrograms/ml (P less than 0.001) and 0.1 micrograms/ml (P less than 0.005). Among other hormones, oFSH could cause GVBD in 16.6 +/- 2.8 and 9.7 +/- 1.0% oocytes at the concentrations of 10 and 1.0 microgram/ml, respectively (P less than 0.05). However, bTSH, bGH, oPRL, and hACTH (synthetic) had no effect on GVBD in the oocytes of this species.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1986

Effects of cyproterone acetate and flutamide on the testis and epididymis of the Indian wall lizard, Hemidactylus flaviviridis (Ruppell).

Intramuscular injections of 0.2 mg cyproterone acetate (CA) or flutamide every other day for 6 weeks resulted in the inhibition of spermatogenesis. While CA treatment reduced the weight of the testis significantly, flutamide did not. Inhibition of steroidogenesis, indicated by an accumulation of sudanophilic lipid and a decrease in delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, was evident in the Leydig cells of CA-treated testis. Flutamide, on the other hand, had no effect on the activity of Leydig cells. A marked decline in epididymal weight, as well as reduction in epithelial cell height, was caused by both CA and flutamide. The epithelial cells of epididymes of treated lizards exhibited an accumulation of sudanophilic lipid material in their cytoplasm. However, sudanophilic secretions present in the lumina of epididymal tubules were greatly reduced. This indicates either lack of synthesis of lipid or decrease in its turn over. Our results are in agreement with those obtained in mammalian species after CA or flutamide treatment where a decrease in fertility is suggested.

Anilides↗
PubMed1986

Germinal vesicle breakdown in oocytes of catfish, Mystus vittatus (Bloch): relative in vitro effectiveness of estradiol-17 beta, androgens, corticosteroids, progesterone, and other pregnene derivatives.

The relative in vitro effectiveness of estradiol-17 beta, androgen, corticosteroids, progesterone, and other pregnene derivatives on germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) using folliculated oocytes of an Indian catfish Mystus vittatus was investigated. 17 alpha,20 beta-Dihydroxyprogesterone was found to be the most effective maturation-inducing steroid (MIS). Estradiol-17 beta and testosterone were not effective but androsterone was found to be fairly effective in final oocyte maturation. Deoxycorticosterone (DOC), hydrocortisone, progesterone, and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone were also effective at their higher concentrations. Among 5 beta-reduced pregnenes, all but 5 beta-pregnene-3 alpha-ol-20-one could induce oocyte maturation. The significance of these findings in relation to the progestagens as natural MIS and the present controversial position of another Indian catfish Heteropneustes fossilis is discussed in the light of available literature.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1986

Effect of commercial formulation of four organophosphorus insecticides on the LH-induced germinal vesicle breakdown in the oocytes of a freshwater teleost, Mystus vittatus (Bloch)--a preliminary in vitro study.

Effect of commercial formulation of four organophosphorus insecticides such as malathion, phosdrin (mevinphos), birlane (chlorfenvinphos), and gardona (tetrachlorvinphos) on LH-induced in vitro germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in the oocytes of Mystus vittatus was investigated using three concentrations for each insecticide. All of these insecticides could significantly inhibit the LH-induced GVBD in all of their concentrations except two lower concentrations of birlane. A probable mechanism of inhibition of reproduction by these insecticides is discussed in the light of present findings.

Animals↗