Pancreatic beta-cell regeneration in rats by (-)-epicatechin.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
S Gupta
Publications and source records attributed to S Gupta.
Multivariate analysis of T-cell functional defects and circulating serum factors in Hodgkin's disease.
A comprehensive immunologic and serologic analysis was performed on 31 untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease. Immune evaluations stressed T-cell functional activity and included traditional parameters (PHA responsiveness and delayed hypersensitivity skin reactivity), as well as newer functional assays (T-cell colony formation, chemotaxis, spontaneous and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity, and concanavalin A-induced suppressor cell activity (CISA). Serum factors included ferritin, prostaglandins, zinc, copper, immune complexes, and thymic hormone activity. Every patient exhibited at least one T-cell or serum abnormality. The greatest percentage of patients exhibited T-cell defects in chemotaxis (85%), colony formation (81%). and PHA reactivity (64%). Immune defects were more common with advanced disease but were not related to absolute T-cell or monocyte count, skin test anergy, or abnormalities of T mu/T gamma cell proportions. Linear relationships were identified among abnormalities in the three assays employing mononuclear cells (PHA, colony formation, CISA) which may have reflected the inhibitory influence of monocytes present in the mononuclear cell preparations. Low serum zinc correlated with marked impairment of T-cell chemotaxis. Elevated prostaglandins were associated with high PHA reactivity and with depressed colony formation. Our results indicate that many complex factors, including intrinsic T-cell defects, contribute to the impaired immunity associated with Hodgkin's disease.
Adolescent↗
Renal size as a prognostic factor in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
A single-film intravenous pyelogram was performed on 87 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at presentation. The kidney size was measured and a standard deviation score based on patient height was calculated. There was a tendency of renal enlargement, with 21 patients (24%) having scores of over 1 SD and 6 (7%) over 2 SD. A trend of shorter duration of first remission with increasing renal size was shown to be statistically significant (P = 0.036). This trend was not quite statistically significant (P = 0.087) whenthe analysis was confined to 54 "better-risk" patients (WBC less than 20 X 10(9)/liter and no mediastinal mass), and was much weaker and not significant in 33 "poor-risk" patients (P = 0.62).
Child↗
A comparison of androgens for anemia in patients on hemodialysis.
To compare the erythropoietic effects of nandrolone decanoate, testosterone enanthate, oxymetholone, and fluoxymesterone, we performed a randomized clinical trial in patients with anemia who were receiving maintenance hemodialysis (the women were not given testosterone enanthate). After a control period of at least two months, patients received one of the drugs for six months and then returned to control status; a second and third drug were administered in a similar fashion. Seventy-seven patients completed the first drug period, 56 the second, and 35 the third. The response to nandrolone and testosterone enanthate, the two drugs given by injection, was clearly superior to the response to oxymetholone or fluoxymesterone, given by mouth, in terms of the percentage of patients responding and the mean rise in hematocrit. Approximately half the patients had an increase of at least 5 percentage points in hematocrit after an injectable androgen was given; more than half the women responded. Patients who required transfusions regularly and those who had bilateral nephrectomies did not respond.
Administration, Oral↗
Carbohydrate binding properties of th Dolichos biflorus lectin and its subunits.
Equilibrium dialysis studies on the binding of the Dolichos biflorus lectin with [14C]methyl alpha-D-GalNAc showed that the lectin has two combining sites/molecule and an intrinsic association constant at 3 degrees C of 4.2 X 10(3) liters mol-1. Binding studies on individual fractions (II, IV, and VII) of the lectin that differ in their chromatographic properties on concanavalin A-Sepharose gave association constants for methyl alpha-D-GalNAc of 2.2 X 10(3) liters mol-1, 3.2 X 10(3) liters mol-1, and 3.2 X 10(3) liters mol-1, respectively. Molecular exclusion chromatography of iodinated Subunits I and II of the lectin, as well as sedimentation velocity studies of the noniodinated subunits, showed that the isolated subunits form aggregates in aqueous solution. Aggregates of subunit I were capable of agglutinating blood type A erythrocytes, precipitating blood group A + H substance, and binding to blood group A + H substance in an affinity electrophoretic system. Aggregates of subunit II exhibited none of these binding properties and did not inhibit the ability of the intact lectin to agglutinate type A erythrocytes. Affinity electrophoresis of subunit I showed that it has an association constant for N-acetyl-D-galactosamine similar to that of the intact lectin. The results suggest that it is subunit I that is primarily responsible for the carbohydrate binding properties of the lectin.
Acetylglucosamine↗
Monocyte-mediated suppression of lymphocyte cytotoxic activity for cultured autologous melanoma cells.
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Cells, Cultured↗
A clinicopathological study of primary gastrointestinal lymphoma.
A retrospective analysis of 48 cases of histologically proven primary gastrointestinal lymphoma was done. The analysis covered a 12-year period from January 1966 through December 1977. Four percent of all malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract were of this type. Males outnumbered females by a ratio of 1.8:1. The mean age of the patients was 21 years. The vagueness and variability of clinical features and nonspecific radiological findings were the main reasons for subjecting all the patients in this series to laparotomy. The most common site of involvement was the ileocecal region, followed by the ileum, the jejunum, and the stomach. Most of the cases were in an advanced stage of the disease as was suggested by the finding of lump in 60% and ascites in 20% of the cases. Radical resection, possible in only six cases, appears to be the best treatment. The effectiveness of radiotherapy and chemotherapy were disappointing. Prognostically, cases of localized and polypoidal lesions of the small bowel and Hodgkin lymphoma showed better survival.
Adolescent↗
Tissue isoantigens A, B, and H in carcinoma of the cervix uteri: their clinical significance.
A specific red cell adhesion test was done in 243 patients with carcinoma of the cervix uteri and showed the presence of isoantigens in only 27.16% of the patients with infiltrating squamous cell carcinoma. There was a gradual loss of isoantigens during the development of carcinoma. The test can be usefully employed in studying the evolution of the disease. The negativity of the test was found to increase as clinical severity of the disease increases. Also, the highest percentage (57.57%) of retained isoantigen was found in large-cell nonkeratinizing carcinoma, a well-differentiated type for the cervix. Follow-up studies suggest that the loss of antigen indicates probably metastasis and a poor prognosis.
ABO Blood-Group System↗
Male breast cancer.
This study comprises 27 cases of male breast cancer treated at the University Hospital from 1966 through 1978. Its incidence was 0.53% of all cancer in males and 3.2% of all mammary cancers. Mean age was 52 years old. Lump in the breast was the commonest presenting feature in all patients followed by skin ulceration in 44.4% of cases. The average duration of symptoms was 16 months. Twenty-five patients had infiltrating duct carcinoma and two had papillary carcinoma. Two cases were in stage I, 10 in stage II, 11 in stage III, and 4 in stage IV. Of the 12 patients in stages I and II who underwent radical mastectomy, the axillary lymph nodes were pathologically negative in stage I and positive in stage II. The nodes were clinically involved in stages III and IV. Simple mastectomy followed by radiotherapy were used in stage III cancer and all patients in stage IV cancer had only biopsy and palliative chemotherapy. Bilateral orchidectomy followed by estrogen gave only marginal benefit in terms of survival and objective regression. Only four patients, two each in stages I and II, are alive and well for more than five years. These include two cases of papillary carcinoma. Poor prognosis in this series was exclusively determined by axillary lymph node involvement, although other factors such as shorter span of symptoms, younger age group, higher incidence of skin involvement, and invasive nature of carcinoma also appear to be significant.
Adult↗
Immunological significance of lymphoreticular infiltration in gastrointestinal cancer.
The 60 patients of gastrointestinal cancer comprising this study were in the age range of 29--70 years with 39 males and 21 females. The primary sites of cancer were: gallbladder 19, colon 13, stomach 12, anorectum 8, and liver 8. The stage of tumor spread was localized in 32 and metastatic in 28 cases. Round cell infiltration scores were classified semiquantitatively from O-V. Cellular immunity as expressed by the blood lymphocyte count and DNCB reactivity was also studied. Round cell infiltration was dense in the localized group (P less than 0.0005). The mean lymphocyte counts in all the primary sites of gastrointestinal cancer were significantly higher in the localized group as compared to metastatic group. The DNCB reactivity showed anergy in six cases and poor response in the remaining 22 cases of metastatic group. There was a statistically significant correlation between lymphoreticular infiltration, peripheral blood lymphocyte count, and the DNCB reactivity. Diminished round cell infiltration, lymphopenia, and depressed DNCB response indicate an advanced stage of gastrointestinal cancer.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Carcinoma in choledochal cyst.
Two cases of choledochal cyst associated with adenocarcinoma are documented. The classical triad of jaundice, abdominal mass, and pain is not distinctive enough to make the preoperative diagnosis of a choledochal cyst and its associated malignancy. Operative cholangiogram is a very important investigation, as by the presence of a filling defect in the cyst it can suggest malignancy. In our cases the diagnosis of malignancy was made at operation, which was confirmed by histopathological examination. Internal drainage procedures in combination with chemotherapy by 5 FU rendered both the cases asymptomatic.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Histiocytes in vaginal smears: as prognostic parameter in carcinoma of the uterine cervix.
Pretreatment vaginal smears of 251 patients with carcinoma of the cervix were counted for the percentage of histiocyte count in relation to benign squamous epithelial cells. No correlation was found between the percentage of histiocyte count and the age of the patient, clinical stage, cell type of squamous cell carcinoma, and clinical radiation response. Also a high histiocyte count is found to be unrelated to 5-year survival, recurrence, metastasis, or death of these patients. The present study indicates that the histiocyte number appears to have no relationship with immediate or remote prognosis in patients with carcinoma of cervix uteri.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
Sarcomas of the breast: homogenous or heterogenous?
Eighteen cases of sarcomas of the breast are reported. Cases could be divided into two groups histogenetically. Group A, malignant cystosarcoma phylloides (14 cases); and Group B, pure sarcomas (4 cases). The malignant cystosarcoma phylloides occurred in the forth decade, had linger duration of illness invariably followed by sudden increase in the size of the tumor, had a striking mucoid and slimy look grossly, and showed discernible epithelial elements histologically. In the event of their recurrence the ductal elements were not seen microscopically. Contrarily, Group B cases presented in the sixth decade were rapidly growing from the beginning, and grossly were fleshy and haemorrhagic. Microscopically these did not reveal any epithelial component. There was poor correlation between cytologic malignancy and the biologic behavior in Group A. Mode of treatment seems more important in determining the subsequent course of the disease. Simple mastectomy with follow-up appears to be adequate in the majority of cases.
Adult↗
Defective cellular immune response in vitro in common variable immunodeficiency.
Mononuclear cells from 39 patients with hypogammaglobulinemia of the common variable type were analyzed for in vitro proliferative response to a panel of cell activators in order to examine the lymphocyte response to mitogens and to study the capacity to generate an immunologically specific secondary response. Patient lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A was found to be significantly lower than that of controls studied in parallel (P less than 0.01), and low response did not correlate with T-lymphocyte number. Response to pokeweed mitogen was significantly lower than that of controls (P less than 0.01), but response to zinc, tested in a few patients, was normal. Strong depressions of patient lymphocyte proliferative responses to Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus were observed (P less than 0.01); all of these microbial activators require intact B-cell function for maximum response. Repeated testing of individual patients indicated that poor lymphocyte response could be consistently observed. Examination of change in vitro lymphocyte response during clinical course and disease management showed that a consistent pattern of intrinsic lymphocyte functional deficiency could be demonstrated.
Adolescent↗
Natural killing and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity by lymphocyte subpopulations in young and aging humans.
Natural killer (NK) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) were examined in the peripheral blood lymphocytes and their major subpopulations from young and aging subjects. Monocyte-depleted unseparated lymphocyte-mediated NK activity (against cells of K-562) and ADCC (against IgG-coated chicken erythrocytes) were comparable between young and aging subjects. Similarly no significant difference was observed in T cell-mediated NK and ADCC and non-T cell-mediated ADCC between young and aging subjects. Non-T cell-mediated NK activity, however, was significantly (P less than 0.025) greater in aging humans compared to that of young subjects. When the data were analyzed according to gender, T cell-mediated ADCC in aging males was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than that found in young males. No significant difference was observed between T-cell ADCC among young and aging females. T cell-mediated NK was comparable among young and aging males and young and aging females. Non-T cell-mediated NK as well as ADCC activity was significantly (P[ less than 0.025 or less than 0.05) greater in aging males compared to that in young males. Both non-T-cell NK and ADCC were comparable among young and aging females. This study demonstrates an increase in NK and ADCC activity in aging subjects that is primarily shared by males and not by females. No correlation was observed between the proportion of T gamma cells and T-cell NK or ADCC activity.
Adult↗
Human T-lymphocyte subset production of immune (gamma) interferon.
Human T micron, T gamma, and T PHI lymphocyte subpopulations have the capacity to respond to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in vitro with proliferation and the production of a pH 2 and heat-labile gamma interferon. This occurs both when the subsets are isolated by direct rosetting techniques or by negative selection. Macrophages enhance the production of the gamma interferon by each lymphocyte subset and do not themselves produce gamma interferon in response to products of PHA-activated lymphocyte subsets. Thus our studies indicate that subpopulations of T lymphocytes known to differ with regard to morphology, surface receptors, RNA content, response to corticosteroids and X-irradiation, and other functional capabilities do not differ with regard to their capacity to produce gamma interferon.
Animals↗
Separation of human bone marrow cell populations by density gradient electrophoresis: differential mobilities of myeloid (CFU-C), monocytoid, and lymphoid cells.
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Bone Marrow Cells↗
Blood group specific substances in saliva of patients with cervical carcinoma.
Secretion of blood group specific substances in saliva of 380 patients with carcinoma of the cervix was studied, along with age-matched controls. The study shows that carcinoma of the uterine cervix is much more common in non-secretors (55.0%) than in secretors (45.0%). Statistically, this difference was found to be highly significant (P less than 0.001).+
Blood Group Antigens↗