Biomedical subjects

S Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to S Gupta.

At least 1,495 records · Page 83Linked to original sources

PubMed1985

Low-dose heparin in experimental peritonitis.

The aim of this investigation was to study the beneficial role of low-dose heparin in peritonitis. Peritonitis was induced in 20 dogs by the technique of Rosato and co-authors, 10 of which received low-dose heparin subcutaneously for 5 days in a dose of 100 units/kg body weight. Decreased mortality as well as decrease in the formation of intra-abdominal abscesses and adhesions were observed in the heparin-treated dogs. Some of the possible underlying mechanisms for beneficial effects of heparin in peritonitis are discussed.

Abscess↗

PubMed1985

Gallbladder visualisation following paediatric cardioangiography with Hexabrix.

Fifty children had an upper abdominal radiograph performed 24 hours after cardioangiography with Hexabrix (meglumine/sodium ioxaglate). The gallbladder was clearly visualised in 32 patients (64%) in the absence of clinical or radiographic evidence of renal impairment. Total contrast dose would appear to be the main determining factor. Hexabrix differs significantly in this respect from conventional uro-angiographic contrast media (diatrizoate and iothalamate) in which opacification of the gallbladder is unusual and strongly associated with renal impairment. Possible reasons for this difference are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Renal enlargement as a primary presentation of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

It is not uncommon to see renal involvement in children with the established diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Previous reports suggest renal enlargement in 24% of all diagnosed ALL patients (Hann et al, 1981). In severe cases there is marked bilateral and symmetrical enlargement of both kidneys. The calyces and the infundibula are markedly stretched and these appearances are similar to those seen in adult polycystic kidneys. However, in ALL stretching of the calyces and the infundibula is not associated with cysts. These appearances led to the presumptive diagnosis of ALL in two children.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed1985

Pulmonary cell populations in the immunosuppressed patient. Bronchoalveolar lavage findings during episodes of pneumonitis.

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell populations were determined in 47 immunosuppressed patients during episodes of pulmonary disease. Thirty six patients had AIDS and 11 had conventional causes of immunosuppression. Pulmonary disease was due to a variety of infectious and noninfectious causes and was similar in both groups. In the AIDS patients, the mean BAL cell proportions were 64.2 +/- 3.7 percent alveolar macrophages (MACS), 28.7 +/- 3.4 percent lymphocytes, 3.5 +/- 1.8 percent polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and 1.6 +/- 0.6 percent eosinophils (EOS). The non-AIDS group had similar findings in the BAL, with 59.3 +/- 8.3 percent MACS, 34.8 +/- 7.2 percent lymphocytes, 5.5 +/- 1.7 percent PMN and 0.4 +/- 0.2 percent EOS. The most striking finding in each group was a significant increase in both the proportion and absolute number of lymphocytes compared to controls. This was in marked contrast to the peripheral blood findings of lymphopenia. There was no characteristic cell profile diagnostic of any specific pulmonary disease. There was also no direct relationship of the cells present to respiratory symptoms, roentgenographic abnormalities or survival from pulmonary disease. This study demonstrates that although there was wide individual variation in lavage findings, a local pulmonary inflammatory reaction consisting predominantly of lymphocytes occurs in the immunosuppressed host during episodes of lung disease. The significance of this lymphocyte alveolitis and the complex host pathogen interaction responsible for determining the cell populations present in the lungs of these patients requires further study.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1985

Anemia in chronic renal failure.

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Androgens↗

PubMed1985

Electroimmunology: the physiologic role of ion channels in the immune system.

The recent development of the gigaohm seal voltage clamp technique has provided an approach to study individual cells of the immune system. Six distinct types of ion channels, most resembling channels found in nerve and muscle, have been identified in immune cells. Some of these channels appear to play important roles in various aspects of immune function. This article summarizes recent studies on ion channels in lymphocytes and macrophages.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Antigen-specific primary cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complexes (ARC).

Alloantigen specific primary cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses were examined in vitro in 10 patients with AIDS and nine with AIDS-related complex (ARC). The lymphocytes from patients with AIDS and ARC expressed significantly less (P less than 0.01) CTL activity (mean +/- s.d.; 4.7 +/- 9% and 10 +/- 11% respectively) when compared with CTL activity in normal healthy heterosexual controls (28 +/- 9.5%). When data were analysed for individual patients, lymphocytes from nine of 10 patients with AIDS and six of nine with ARC had deficient or no CTL activity. In vitro addition of purified human interleukin-2 (IL-2) during the generation of CTL resulted in significant enhancement (P less than 0.05) of CTL activity in ARC group (mean +/- s.d.; 27 +/- 18) but not in AIDS group (mean +/- s.d.; 8 +/- 8%). The presence of IL-2 augmented the induction of CTL activity in three of nine patients in AIDS group and in five of six in ARC group. In vitro addition of lectin-free supernatant (SN) obtained from cultures stimulated with PHA as well as with lymphoid cell restored the CTL functions in three of six AIDS patients and in one patient with ARC who did not respond to exogenous IL-2. The CTL activity developed in the presence of SN was higher than that manifested in the presence of IL-2 in both AIDS (SN versus IL-2; mean +/- s.d., 18 +/- 15.6% versus 8 +/- 8%) and in the ARC group (SN versus IL-2; mean +/- s.d., 35 +/- 13.9% versus 27 +/- 18.3%). Lymphocytes from three AIDS patients, however, failed to develop any CTL activity in the presence of either IL-2 or SN. These results demonstrate that: (i) the lymphocytes from majority of patients with AIDS and with ARC have deficient ability to develop into alloantigen specific primary CTL effectors, and (ii) the defective CTL functions are restored by the addition of purified IL-2 or SN in all patients with ARC and only in a subset of patients with AIDS, suggesting heterogeneity of pre-CTL to respond to IL-2 and some differentiation factor in order to differentiate in CTL effectors.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1985

Scleromyxedema.

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Glycosaminoglycans↗

PubMed1985

Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in man. XI. Deficiency of autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction and abnormalities of monoclonal antibody-defined T-cell subsets in chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.

The autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) and T-cell subsets defined with monoclonal antibodies were examined in the peripheral blood of six patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC). The AMLR was deficient in four of six patients when compared with simultaneously studied healthy controls. These patients had either overt endocrinopathy or circulating autoantibodies. In two of three patients with low AMLR, after the depletion of OKT8+ T cells no enhancement in the AMLR was observed, demonstrating that the deficiency of the AMLR was not due to increased suppressor OKT8+ T-cell activity. However, the third patient demonstrated almost complete reconstitution of the AMLR response after such depletion, suggesting that OKT8+ suppressor T cells were responsible for decreased AMLR in this patient. Two patients had a low ratio of OKT4/OKT8 phenotype T cells. T cells with Tac antigen (that is, present on activated T cells) were increased in four of six patients. No correlation was observed between the deficiency of the AMLR and the proportions of T-cell subsets. This study demonstrates a deficiency of the AMLR in some patients with CMC which is associated with increased OKT8+ suppressor T-cell activity or with the functional deficiency of responder OKT4+ T cells.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Watery diarrhea in a patient with myasthenia gravis, thymoma, and immunodeficiency.

An elderly man with thymoma, myasthenia gravis, and hypogammaglobulinemia developed profuse watery diarrhea. Infusions of gamma-globulin caused the diarrhea to resolve. The patient succumbed to fulminant bronchopneumonia. At necropsy he was found to have widespread cytomegalovirus infection with duodenal and ileal ulceration, subtotal villous atrophy, marked nonspecific inflammation of the small intestine and bronchopneumonia. In addition Herpes simplex infection and invasive candidiasis were present. Patients with immunodeficiency are susceptible to a variety of gastrointestinal pathogens, particularly viral.

Agammaglobulinemia↗

PubMed1985