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Biomedical subjects

S Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to S Gupta.

At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Changes in the composition and peroxidation of yeast membrane lipids during ethanol stress.

Lipid peroxidation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells increased with ethanol treatment of the cells. Such cells have decreased amount of total lipid, phospholipid and free sterols. Sterol:phospholipid ratio decreased slightly in the cells treated with 4% ethanol. However, this ratio significantly increased with further rise in ethanol concentration to 12%. Relative content of glycolipids (glycolipid to phospholipid ratio) increased in ethanol-treated yeast cells. Diphosphatidylglycerol content increased significantly and phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine ratio decreased in ethanol-treated cells. The amount of alpha-tocopherol decreased during ethanol stress. Catalase failed to counter the effect of ethanol. The results from the present study indicated that ethanol might be interfering with the antioxidant defence mechanisms of the yeast cells.

Catalase↗
PubMed1994

Neurocysticercosis.

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Antibodies, Helminth↗
PubMed1994

Diet, antioxidant vitamins, oxidative stress and risk of coronary artery disease: the Peerzada Prospective Study.

The prevalence of coronary artery (CAD) disease in the Indian urban population is comparable to British population. Dietary intakes, antioxidant vitamins, prevalence of risk factors and CAD, were studied in a random sample of 152 adult urban subjects between 26-65 years of age (80 males, 72 females) from Peerzada street, Moradabad and compared with Indian immigrants to U.K. and a British comparison group. There was no significant relation with vitamin A. Smoking and diabetes were the confounding factors. Plasma antioxidant vitamin C (21.6 +/- 3.3 vs 42.5 +/- 4.5 mumol/L), vitamin E (15.2 +/- 2.8 vs 21.4 +/- 3.2 mumol/L) and beta-carotene (0.33 +/- 0.6 vs 0.55 +/- 0.08 mumol/L) were significantly lowered and lipid peroxides higher (2.82 +/- 0.22 vs 1.3 +/- 0.20 nmol/ml) in patients with CAD compared to subjects without any risk factors. The relation between low plasma level of vitamin C and E levels and carotene remained independently and inversely related after adjustment for smoking, diabetes and other risk factors. Regression analysis showed that after adjustment. Odd's ratio for carotene (1.82, 95% C.I. 0.50 to 3.72), vitamin C (2.23, 95% C.I. 1.14 to 5.26) and vitamin E (2.35, 95% C.I. 1.29 to 5.30) were significantly related to CAD. Underlying these changes, dietary intake of vitamin A, E, C and beta-carotene was significantly less in patients with CAD. Vitamin C and beta-carotene intake were less in smokers and diabetes. Compared with British population, the Indian urbans consumed less total and saturated fat and cholesterol and more polyunsaturated fat and complex carbohydrates. The plasma total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were less in Indian urbans compared to Britons and so were mean body weight, body mass index and waist-hip ratio. Plasma insulin levels were comparable. The fatty acid composition of the diet, blood lipids, central obesity and insulin levels do not appear to account for high rates of CAD among Indians. The findings suggest that urban population in India may benefit from eating diets rich in antioxidant vitamin C, E and beta-carotene.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Sacral agenesis.

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Child↗
PubMed1994

Effect of simultaneous low level exposure of Pb and Cd on delta-ALAD and acetylcholinesterase activity in rats.

Dose dependent study was performed to identify subcritical level of Pb and Cd. Blood delta-ALAD activity was inhibited by (0.1 mg/kg body wt) of both lead and cadmium in isolation and combination, the extent of which increases with duration of exposure. Hepatic delta-ALAD activity however is less affected by Cd and Pb-Cd together than Pb alone. Erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity though decrease in all groups, is not significant.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1994

Gliosarcomas: pathological spectrum.

Pathological spectrum as seen in sixteen cases of gliosarcomas out of 81 cases of glioblastomas is described. Temporal lobe involvement (37.5%) and fibrosarcomatous pattern (62.5%) were found to be most frequent. Osteochondromatous element was found in recurrence of one gliosarcoma. Minimal criteria for diagnosis, pitfalls in diagnosis, differential diagnosis and histogenesis of gliosarcoma are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Primary hyperparathyroidism--an Indian study.

Twenty eight patients of sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism seen over a period of 10 years were studied. There were 18 females and 10 males with a mean age of 35.9 years. Bone involvement was the commonest clinical presentation (90%) followed by renal involvement (65%) and more than half the patients (54%) had involvement of both the skeletal and renal systems. The tumor was clinically palapable in six patients. Thalliumtechnetium subtraction scan had a sensitivity of 87% followed by computerised tomography (70%), and ultrasound (65%) in diagnosing parathyroid pathology. All the patients underwent surgical excision of the abnormal gland (S). Adenomas constituted the single largest group (90%). Histologically, only 32% of the patients had chief cell morphology. Clear cell (32%) mixed cell, and oxyphil cell (7.2%) types accounted for the remaining adenomas. Majority of the patients (82%) had symptomatic postoperative hypocalcemia requiring intravenous calcium with or without vitamin D supplementation. In contrast to western reports most of our patients were young, presented late with florid bone and renal disease and had large palpable tumors.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1994

Morphological & immunohistochemical spectrum in anorectal malignancies.

The morphological features of 62 anorectal malignancies diagnosed on sigmoidoscopic biopsy were studied. On haemotoxylin and eosin staining the tumours were diagnosed as adenocarcinomas (43), squamous cell carcinoma (12), malignant melanoma (3), carcinoid (2), clear cell carcinoma (1) and poorly differentiated carcinoma (1). PAS Alcian blue, Grimelius silver stain, AgNOR and immunohistochemical stain for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and human papilloma virus (HPV) were done to further categorise these tumours. The ages of the patients varied from 18 to 77 yr (mean 43.7 yr) and the male: female ratio was 2:1. PAS Alcian blue staining was helpful in differentiating mucinous from non-mucinous adenocarcinomas and reclassifying one poorly differentiated carcinoma as mucin secreting adenocarcinoma. Also, it clearly identified pagetoid spread in two cases of adenocarcinomas. Grimelius silver stain was strongly positive in melanomas and neuroendocrine tumours. Basal silver staining was visualised in metaplastic foci but was absent in dysplastic epithelium. AgNOR counts may be considered useful in differentiating melanomas (high counts) from spindle cell variant of squamous carcinomas (low counts). High AgNOR counts and strong Grimelius positivity in clear cell carcinoma suggested its melanotic origin. Immunostaining for CEA and HPV were of limited value. CEA was positive in the majority of the adenocarcinomas while HPV could only be demonstrated in two squamous cell carcinomas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Metabolic disposition of methyl [5-[[4-(2-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl] carbonyl]-1-H-benzimidazol-2-yl] carbamate in hamsters: a study to understand chemoprophylactic action against experimental Ancylostomiasis.

Methyl [5-[[4-(2-pyridinyl-1-piperazinyl] carbonyl]-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl] carbamate (CDRI Compound 81-470) exhibits a long prophylactic action against experimental ancylostomiasis, when given parenterally but not orally. To find out an explanation for such a behaviour, metabolic disposition studies were performed in hamsters using [3H] compound 81-470. Following intramuscular administration, the compound was found to form a depot at the site of injection and to remain there in substantial amount for more than 7 weeks. The compound was fairly distributed in all the organs studied and the presence of radioactivity could be easily detected up to 7 weeks of observation period. The compound was very slowly eliminated from the body and only 38% of the radioactivity could be recovered in the urine and faeces during 14 days. The oral dose, to the contrary, was poorly absorbed and more than 62.8% was excreted in the faeces within 48 hr. Consequently, this dose yielded lesser area under plasma curve. More than 95% of the oral dose was eliminated within a week and hardly and radioactivity could be detected in the tissues after day 14. In accord with this pattern, in blood also the im dose was detected up to 7 weeks while the orally given compound reached undetectable level within 6 days only. The lower clearance and prolonged stay in the body of the im dose compared to quick elimination of the oral dose may be responsible for the long chemoprophylactic action of compound 81-470 when given through im route.

Ancylostomiasis↗
PubMed1994

Endemic necrotizing enterocolitis: lack of association with a specific infectious agent.

We conducted a comprehensive analysis of bacterial, parasitic and viral agents present in stool samples of 23 necrotizing enterocolitis cases and 23 matched and 10 random controls. Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Escherichia coli were the most common aerobic bacterial species isolated. Astrovirus was identified in a stool sample from one control. Eight infants were bacteremic; in 7 of 8 the same organism was also present in the stool. No one bacterial species or strain (as identified by plasmid profile analysis) was associated with occurrence of illness. Plasmid analysis further suggested that each infant was colonized with his or her own distinctive aerobic bacterial flora. With the exception of isolates from two control patients which hybridized with a probe for diffuse adherence, no diarrheagenic E. coli was identified. Five (45%) of 11 case infants were colonized with coagulase-negative staphylococci (all S. epidermidis) that produced delta-hemolysin in vitro, as compared with 13 (87%) of 15 control infants. Necrotizing enterocolitis was not associated with an increased ability to ferment carbohydrate, as measured by in vitro beta-galactosidase activity. Our data do not support the hypothesis that endemic necrotizing enterocolitis in our institution is caused by a single infectious agent, nor was there evidence that previously proposed virulence mechanisms such as production of delta-hemolysin or increased in vitro carbohydrate fermentation play a critical role in disease occurrence.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1994

Characteristics of circadian rhythm in six variables of morning active and evening active healthy human subjects.

Ten apparently healthy human subjects, inhabitants of dry and hot tropical climate, volunteered for the study. They were instructed to self-measure, several variables, such as oral temperature, heart rate, subjective fatigue, subjective drowsiness, finger counting speed and random number adding speed, daily, preferably at an interval of 4h, for 10-15 days. However, they were instructed to have ad libitum sleep and not to truncate sleep for the sake of self-measurements. The subjects were categorized into two groups, viz, morning active and evening active and their circadian time structure in the above mentioned variables was studied. The results clearly show a higher order of internal synchronization among all the variables. Comparison of acrophase locations between morning active and evening active individuals reveals that the peaks in oral temperature, heart rate and random number adding speed occurs earlier in morning active individuals (P < 0.002, P < 0.005, P < 0.001, respectively). The circadian profiles obtained in this study may serve as guide lines in the study of human health and diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Chlamydial serology and laparoscopic findings in infertile women.

Fifty-seven infertile women were studied for presence of chlamydial infection by detecting antichlamydial antibodies using indirect immunoperoxidase assay technique. Laparoscopy was performed in all of them. Inflammatory changes in fallopian tubes were present irrespective of serological status. Thus no rigid criteria for carrying out laparoscopy can be made. A high index of suspicion is required for detection of chlamydial infection as it runs an indolent course with no specific symptoms.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗