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Biomedical subjects

S Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to S Gupta.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Increased production of interleukin-6 by adherent and non-adherent mononuclear cells during 'natural fatigue' but not following 'experimental fatigue' in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.

In an investigator-blinded study, adherent (monocytes) and non-adherent cells (lymphocytes) from patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) were examined on two separate occasions (when feeling 'fatigued' and when feeling 'rested') for in vitro spontaneous, phytohemagglutinin- (PHA, for lymphocytes), and lipopolysaccharide- (LPS, for monocytes) induced production of IL-6 by ELISA assay. A group of CFS patients and controls were also subjected to exercise-induced fatigue ('experimental fatigue') and IL-6 production was compared, in a double-blinded manner, prior to and following induction of fatigue. A significant increase in spontaneous, PHA- and LPS-induced IL-6 secretion by both lymphocytes and monocytes was observed in CFS patients during 'natural fatigue' as compared to during state. However, no such changes in IL-6 production were observed during 'experimental fatigue'. These data suggest a role of IL-6 in natural symptomatology and perhaps in the pathogenesis of CFS. In addition, the data demonstrate that laboratory-induced fatigue (experimental fatigue) may not be a good model to study immunological changes in CFS; immunological parameters should be studied in a longitudinal manner during the natural course of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Cortical motor potential alterations in chronic fatigue syndrome.

Premovement, sensory, and cognitive brain potentials were recorded from patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) in four tasks: i) target detection, ii) short-term memory, iii) self-paced movement, and iv) expectancy and reaction time (CNV). Accuracy and reaction times (RTs) were recorded for tasks i, ii, and iv. Results from CFS patients were compared to a group of healthy normals. Reaction times were slower for CFS patients in target detection and significantly slower in the short-term memory task compared to normals. In target detection, the amplitude of a premovement readiness potential beginning several hundred milliseconds prior to stimulus onset was reduced in CFS, whereas the poststimulus sensory (N100) and cognitive brain potentials (P300) did not differ in amplitude or latency. In the memory task, a negative potential related to memory load was smaller in CFS than normals. The potentials to self-paced movements and to expectancy and RT (CNV) were not different between groups. The findings in CFS of slowed RTs and reduced premovement-related potentials suggest that central motor mechanisms accompanying motor response preparation were impaired in CFS for some tasks. In contrast, measures of neural processes related to both sensory encoding (N100) and to stimulus classification (P300) were normal in CFS.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Sonographically guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of abdominal lymph nodes: experience in 102 patients.

We present our experience with sonographically guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of abdominal and retroperitoneal lymph nodes in 102 patients. The biopsied lymph nodes measured 1 to 6 cm (mean, 2.3 cm) and were located at the porta hepatis (n = 23), in the peripancreatic (n = 31), paraaortic (n = 22), aortocaval (n = 1), common iliac (n = 3), or external iliac (n = 6) regions, or in the mesentery (n = 16). Material sufficient for cytologic analysis was obtained in 87 (85.2%) of the 102 patients. The cytologic diagnosis in these patients included malignancy in 47 patients, tuberculosis in 28 patients, reactive lymphoid hyperplasia in 10 patients, and aspergillosis in two patients. In the other 15 patients, fine needle aspiration biopsy could not provide a definitive diagnosis. No major or minor complications occurred in our study. Thus, sonographic guidance is an effective alternative to computed tomography for biopsy of abdominal and retroperitoneal lymph nodes.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1999

Prostate cancer chemoprevention by green tea.

Prostate cancer (PCA) is one of the most invasive cancers and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among males in the United States. According to an estimate, 1 of every 11 American men will eventually develop PCA. One way to reduce the occurrence of cancer is through chemoprevention. PCA represents an excellent candidate disease for chemoprevention because it is typically diagnosed in men over 50 years of age, and therefore even a modest delay in neoplastic development achieved through pharmacological or nutritional intervention could result in a substantial reduction in the incidence of clinically detectable disease. The ideal agent(s) suitable for chemoprevention of PCA should be the one(s) that has proven efficacy in the laboratory experiments on one hand, and also possesses proven epidemiological basis on the other hand. This review attempts to address the issue of possible uses of tea, especially green tea, for the prevention of PCA. We are providing the experimental as well as the epidemiological basis for this possibility. Many laboratory experiments conducted in cell culture systems and in animal models have shown the usefulness of green tea, and the polyphenols present therein, against PCA. The epidemiological basis for this possibility is twofold. First, some epidemiological observations have suggested that people who consume tea regularly have a lower risk of PCA-related deaths. Second, the incidence of PCA in China, a population that consumes green tea on a regular basis, is lowest in the world.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Midline cerebellar cystic schwannoma : a case report.

An extremely unusual case of a cystic schwannoma in the region of the inferior vermis and posterior to the fourth ventricle in a fifteen year old boy is reported. The cystic tumour caused partial obstruction to the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid from fourth ventricle and resulted in development of supratentorial hydrocephalus. On investigations, the schwannoma simulated a Dandy-Walker cyst. The boy presented with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. On surgery, the lesion was not arising from any cranial nerve, nor was it attached to brain parenchyma, blood vessel or to the dura. The possible histogenesis of the cystic schwannoma in a rare location is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Vaccine potential of 56-66 kDa protease secreted by Entamoeba histolytica.

Excretory/secretory (ES) antigens and sub-cellular fractions of E. histolytica (HM1:IMSS strain) were tested for the presence of common proteases using substrate gel electrophoresis. We obtained two E. histolytica proteases (56-66 kDa and 29 kDa) from ES material, soluble components and plasma membrane. Protease 56-66 kDa from ES antigen was selected for immunizing hamsters because it gave a consistent broad band. We observed 62.5 per cent protection in immunized animals, compared to 0 per cent in unimmunized controls. Although all vaccinated golden hamsters showed high antibody response, there was no correlation between antibody titres and protection. 56-66 kDa ES protease could thus prevent disease and could be a candidate molecular vaccine against amoebiasis.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1999

Sclerosing stromal tumour of the ovary--a case report.

Sclerosing stromal tumour (SST) of the ovary is a rare, benign tumour of the ovary, distinct from thecoma-fibroma group of tumours because of predominant occurrence below 30 years of age, lack of hormonal manifestations and histologic heterogenity. A case of 17-year-old female patient is described in the present article. The differential diagnosis is also discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction treated with sildenafil.

This report describes the presence of sexual dysfunction associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in two male patients treated successfully with sildenafil (Viagra). The sexual dysfunction was assessed using the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale for males (ASEX-Males; McGahuey et al. [1997: Presented at the 150th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, May 19, 1997, San Diego, CA]).

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Intracranial hydatid cyst: a report of five cases and review of literature.

The authors present five cases of intracranial hydatid cysts managed at the department of Neurosurgery, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, between 1984-1997. The mean age of presentation was 13.4 years. Four patients (80%) were in the first decade of life. All patients presented with focal neurological deficit and clinical features of raised intracranial pressure. Radiological investigations included computerised tomography (CT) scan in three cases, CT and magnetic resonance (MR) scan in one case and accidental cystogram in one case. Two patients had multiple intracranial cysts. One patient had a solitary cyst in the lateral ventricle. Commonest location was in the parietal lobe (3 cases). Total excision of the cyst was done in all five cases. Recurrence was seen in two cases, probably as a result of rupture of the cyst during first surgery. The features of this rare disease are retrospectively analyzed in this presentation and the literature is reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Chronic infections and coronary heart disease.

The rapidly changing patterns of coronary heart disease (CHD) prevalence and presentation fail to be explained by conventional cardiovascular risk factors alone. An infectious basis to atherosclerosis may, at least in part, be contributing to the variable rates of prevalence of CHD in different parts of the world. The evidence for such an association appears to be strongest for Chlamydia pneumoniae. Results of recent anti-chlamydia antibiotic intervention pilot studies have renewed interest in the role of C. pneumoniae, and corroborated the evidence from sero-epidemiological, pathological and animal-model studies. The results of larger, on-going, purpose-designed intervention studies should help to increase our understanding of the role of infection in atherogenesis and potentially lead to a novel and effective treatment strategy for patients with CHD--broad spectrum antibiotics.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1999

Unusual mode of spread and presentation of meningioma: a case report.

Although rare, extracranial extension of a meningioma has been well documented. An interesting natural history of neglected meningioma with skull vault hyperostosis and predominantly extracranial extension is described. Following surgical resection of the highly vascular meningioma, the patient developed fatal coagulopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Congenital absence of posterior elements of axis: a report of two cases.

We report two extremely unusual and remarkably similar patients having complete absence of all posterior elements of the axis vertebra and mobile, partially reducible dislocation of the axis over the third cervical vertebra. Anterior decompression followed by a fixation procedure appears to be a satisfactory form of treatment for this complex clinical problem.

Adolescent↗