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Biomedical subjects

S Guo

Publications and source records attributed to S Guo.

213 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Prediction of body weight for the nonambulatory elderly from anthropometry.

Body weight is one of the most important measurements in assessing nutritional status. Weight is also an important variable in equations that are needed to predict caloric expenditure and in indexes of body composition. Equations to predict the body weight of nonambulatory elderly persons with known errors should make use of body measurements that are indexes of the actual constituents of body composition and that can be collected regardless of an elderly person's level of mobility. The study samples consisted of a validation sample of 228 ambulatory white elderly persons, a cross-validation sample, and a clinical-validation sample of nonambulatory white elderly persons. Equations to predict body weight in the validation sample were derived from recumbent measures of arm and calf circumferences, triceps and subscapular skinfolds, and knee height. The accuracy, sensitivity, and validity of the equations were independently tested in the cross-validation sample; mean signed differences in actual and predicted weight ranged from 0.1 to 1.8 kg. In the clinical-validation sample, the mean differences were larger. Prediction equations are presented using two, three, and four body measurements to allow the selection of an equation based upon those measurements that are possible to collect from a nonambulatory person on an individual basis.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

An interactive computer program for the analysis of growth curves.

An interactive FORTRAN program, MUDIFT, is presented. This program was designed to perform a multivariate distribution-free significance test for the comparison of growth curves. Such a test, not assuming functional forms of individual growth, has proved useful when the variety of observed growth curves was too broad to be represented by the family of growth functions and when there were incomplete observations. A numerical example illustrates the use of MUDIFT to analyze serial data pertaining to the measurable solid tumors in 20 mice treated with liposome incorporated muramyltripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine and a control group of 30 mice. The tumor volumes were recorded weekly for 10 weeks following initial entry into the research protocol. The test hypothesis was whether the tumors grew slower in the treated group than in the control group. The test statistic, an asympotically chi 2 statistic, was 7.312 with df = 2, which was significant at alpha = 0.05.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Therapy of autochthonous skin cancers in mice with intravenously injected liposomes containing muramyltripeptide.

Liposomes containing the immunomodulator muramyltripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine (MTP-PE) or free saline were injected i.v. into BALB/c mice with autochthonous skin cancers induced by chronic exposure to ultraviolet irradiation. Treatment with liposomes containing MTP-PE produced significant retardation in the growth of the primary autochthonous skin cancers and significantly prolonged survival of the treated mice as compared with the saline-treated controls. Since ultraviolet-irradiated mice have a defect in immunological recognition of their autochthonous tumors, the therapeutic effects of liposomes containing MTP-PE are very encouraging. These results suggest that liposomes containing MTP-PE could be used for the treatment of patients with skin cancer or other malignant diseases.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Duane's retraction syndrome.

Duane's retraction syndrome (DRS) has been a recognized clinical entity for nearly a century. It is a clinically well described ocular disorder consisting of retraction of the globe with narrowing of the lid fissure in attempted adduction, frequent abduction deficiency with variable limitation to adduction, and upshoot and/or downshoot of the affected eye on adduction. Among strabismus patients the incidence of DRS is probably not more than 5%. Most cases are sporadic, but familial cases have been estimated at 10% by most authors. Numerous theories concerning the etiology and pathogenesis of DRS have been proposed, including agenesis of the abducens nucleus, but the majority of investigators concur that the characteristic findings are best explained by a paradoxical innervation of the lateral rectus muscle, which subsequently causes a cocontraction of the horizontal rectus muscles. The frequent association of DRS with other congenital anomalies suggests a teratogenic event occurring between the fourth to eighth week of gestation as an etiological factor. In this review historical aspects and theories of the syndrome are studied and statistical data are compiled and analyzed. Clinical features, differential diagnoses and variants of the syndrome are examined. Testing and treatment objectives are discussed.

Duane Retraction Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical, genetic and histopathologic findings in two siblings with muscle-eye-brain disease.

PURPOSE: We present the clinical, genetic and histopathologic findings in two siblings with Muscle-Eye-Brain Disease (MEB-D), an autosomal recessive disease characterized by mental retardation, muscular dystrophy, retinal hypoplasia and brain abnormalities. METHODS: Clinical, histopathologic and gene mapping studies of a family with two normal and two children with MEB-D. RESULTS: Two siblings presented in the first few months of life with developmental delay, hypotonia, and strabismus. MRI of the brain showed colpocephaly, pontine and cerebellar atrophy, and diffuse white matter disease. Both patients were blind and had high myopia, strabismus, and retinal and optic nerve abnormalities. The older boy had glaucoma. Both children died from uncontrolled seizures. There was retinal, choroidal and RPE atrophy and optic nerve hypoplasia on ocular histopathology. Both patients shared the same parental haplotypes at the MEB locus on chromosome 1p, while an unaffected sibling did not, indicating possible linkage to the MEB locus. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with MEB-D have severe visual impairment from retinal and optic nerve hypoplasia. High myopia appears to be a consistent finding. The ocular manifestations of MEB-D appear to be distinct from those of patients with Walker-Warburg syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Simultaneous surgery for bilateral congenital cataracts.

In about one third of patients congenital cataracts are bilateral. If the cataracts are dense, and the patient an infant, bilateral simultaneous cataract removal reduces anesthetic risk, hospital stay, and cost and allows earlier optical correction. This study represents a retrospective survey of 32 eyes (16 cases) with simultaneous surgery for bilateral congenital cataracts. Bilateral simultaneous surgery can be performed to avoid a second general anesthesia in infants who have bilateral dense congenital cataracts.

Anesthetics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Visual acuity measurements by swept spatial frequency visual-evoked-cortical potentials (VECPs): clinical application in children with various visual disorders.

Previous studies have indicated that visual acuities of normal infants can be estimated with good accuracy using swept spatial frequency visual-evoked-potentials (VECPs). In this report we describe acuity measurements obtained with this technique from 304 examinations performed on 135 children having various visual disorders. When possible, two or more different stimulation frequencies (8, 12, 15 or 24 contrast reversals/sec) were used in each patient, and three to eight sweep VECPs were obtained from each patient under each simulation and recording condition. High correlation coefficients (0.94 - 0.96) between the acuity estimated on each patient from either the single sweep giving the best visual acuity (BSS) or from vector averages (VeA) of the EEG data obtained from several sweeps confirmed previous findings in normal infants. We also found high correlation coefficients among BSS recorded at different temporal frequencies (0.79-0.97) and among comparisons of BSS or VeA acuity to optotype visual acuity (0.6-0.89). Children with clinically undetectable optokinetic responses showed lower visual acuity estimated by BSS than those who demonstrated optokinetic nystagmus. We conclude that the sweep VECP is a valid method, giving estimates of acuity which correlate well with optotype acuity and correspond well to other clinical findings, and that it can be useful in the clinical management of nonverbal patients.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the clinical value of combination of 99mTc-MIBI myocardial SPECT and 18F-FDG PET in assessing myocardial viability.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the value of 18F-FDG PET metabolic imaging and 99mTc-MIBI SPECT in the identification of myocardial viability in patients with previous myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction. METHODS: 18F-FDG PET (made in China) and 99mTc-MIBI SPECT were performed in 60 patients (pts) (age 54+/-9 yr) with myocardial infarction before revascularization. Before and after revascularization, LVEF and wall motion were measured with echocardiography in 36 pts (Group A), and myocardial perfusion was evaluated in 24 pts (Group B). RESULTS: According to the interpretation of perfusion and metabolic images, myocardial segments were classified into mismatch (MM): reduced myocardial perfusion and normal FDG uptake or match (M): reduced perfusion and FDG uptake. Out of 264 segments with hypoperfusion, 145 (54.9%) were MM, suggesting viable myocardium (G-A1 and G-B1), 119 (45.1%) were M, suggesting necrosis (G-A2 and G-B2). After revascularization, LVEF was increased in G-A1 (49+/-15% vs. 59+/-7%, p<0.05), and in G-B1 (50+/-8% vs. 59+/-12%, p<0.05), but was not improved in G-A2 and G-B2. LVEDD was decreased in G-A1 and G-B1 (p<0.05) and was unchanged in G-A2 and G-B2. The positive predictive value (PPV) of FDG PET for improvement of regional wall motion after revascularization was 88%, and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 72.6%. The PPV for improvement of perfusion was 84.1%, NPV was 85%, and accuracy was 84.4%. CONCLUSION: 18F-FDG imaging with Chinese PET has clinical value for assessing myocardial viability and identifying patients who will benefit from revascularization.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Growth comparison of breast-fed and formula-fed infants.

Growth during infancy was analyzed using data from a study in which groups of infants were fed breast-milk or one of three formulas: Good Start, Isomil, or Similac. After adjustments for size at birth and parental stature, growth was within the normal range for all feeding groups and there were few significant differences in growth between those fed different formulas. There was, however, some evidence that Similac was associated with larger gains in weight and that those fed breast-milk or Isomil had lower weights at ages older than two months. Additionally, at six months, recumbent length tended to be smaller in the Isomil group of boys and in both the Isomil and Similac groups of girls and larger in the Good Start groups of boys and girls.

Body Height↗