The bronchodilating effect of fenoterol after intranasal administration.
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Administration, Intranasal↗
Biomedical subjects
S Groth
Publications and source records attributed to S Groth.
Optimal inhalation procedure for the fenoterol powder inhaler.
To assess the optimal inhalation procedure of a fenoterol (Berotec) powder inhaler, the degree of reversibility of lung function impairment was studied in 10 patients with stable asthma after 1) deposition of 0.2 mg fenoterol under the tongue, 2) a rapid inhalation from residual volume (RV) to total lung capacity (TLC), and 3) a slow inhalation from functional residual capacity (FRC) to TLC. There was no effect on FEV1 of depositing fenoterol under the tongue, but both inhalation menoeuvres improved FEV1 significantly (p less than 0.01) and the rapid inspiration manoeuvre even slightly more (p less than 0.05) than the slow. It is concluded that the problem of impaction of large particles in the mouth and pharynx following rapid inhalation from a conventional pressurized cannister is considerably reduced with the fenoterol powder inhaler, due to the resistance it causes which tend to automatically reduce a forced inspiration flow rate to optimal low values.
Adult↗
Fenoterol inhalation powder as an alternative to treatment with the metered dose inhaler.
Nine adult asthmatics took part in a cumulative dose response comparison of fenoterol (Berotec) inhalation powder and fenoterol metered dose inhaler. The study was carried out as a double-blind investigation using a double-dummy technique. No significant difference was observed in the lung function, in tremor or pulse rate on comparison of the two modes of administration. It is concluded that fenoterol inhalation powder is an effective and freon-free alternative to the metered dose inhaler.
Adult↗
A cumulative dose response study for the comparison of the effect of inhalation of two dose sequences of fenoterol inhalation powder.
The effect of inhalation of two dose sequences of fenoterol inhalation powder were compared in a double-blind cumulative dose response investigation. Nine patients with stable asthma participated in the study. In dose sequence I, 50 + 50 + 100 + 200 micrograms of fenoterol powder were inhaled and in dose sequence II, 200 + 50 + 50 + 50 micrograms fenoterol inhalation powder. There was no significant difference in the effect on lung function or tremor at any point following the two methods of inhalation.
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
Bronchial reactivity, smoking, and alpha1-antitrypsin. A population-based study of middle-aged men.
We assessed bronchial reactivity to increasing doses of inhaled methacholine (MCH) in a population-based study on alpha1-antitrypsin. We compared 34 consecutive 48- to 50-yr-old heterozygous (Pi-MZ) men with 31 men of the same age with normal Pi phenotype (Pi-M) matched for smoking habits. There was no significant difference between control FEV1 or in MCH reactivity between the Pi-MZ and the Pi-M group. Twelve Pi-MZ subjects and 11 Pi-M subjects showed a fall of greater than or equal to 15% of FEV1 (PC 15%). Smokers showed increased sensitivity to MCH in both phenotype groups, although there was no significant difference in control FEV1 between the smoking and nonsmoking groups. Eleven smokers and ex-smokers, 5 with histories of asthma or sputum production, showed bronchial hyperreactivity, i.e., PC 15% FEV1, to 0.1% MCH or lower concentrations. Among nonsmokers there was 1 reactor and 1 hyperreactor. We conclude that heterozygous alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (Pi-MZ) does not increase bronchial reactivity and that smoking does.
Bronchi↗
Portable cadmium telluride detectors and their applicability for external measurement of 51Cr-EDTA clearance.
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Chromium Radioisotopes↗
51Cr-EDTA clearance determined by one plasma sample.
51Cr-EDTA clearance was measured in 99 consecutive patients. Based on the individual plasma activity at 180, 200, 220, and 240 min after injection (normalized with respect to injected dose/body surface area), a nomogram and a formula were derived for the relation between clearance and the plasma activity in one sample drawn between 180 and 240 min after injection. The nomogram was tested by the activity in 141 plasma nomogram were compared to the corresponding clearance value calculated by a conventional standard method. The correlation coefficient for this comparison was r = 0.982. It is recommended that the nomogram should only be used if clearance values above 30 ml/min are expected.
Adult↗
[Recurrent infarction and extent of infarction in acute myocardial infarct].
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Adult↗
Thoracic magnetic dust content, occupational exposure, and respiratory status of shipyard welders.
The net thoracic magnetic moment of 58 highly exposed nonsmoking shipyard welders and 13 unexposed nonsmoking electricians was measured with an alternating current susceptibility bridge. The welding cohort exhibits a thorax magnetic moment, which on the average is less diamagnetic than that of the controls. This shift is consistent with a median lung burden of 110 mg Fe3O4, or 220 mg of the welding fumes characteristic for shipyard exposures. Among welders with 5+ yr of exposure, there is a slight but statistically significant correlation (r = 0.49) (p less than .0001) between inferred lung burden and lifetime occupational exposure. Although chronic bronchitis incidence and average lung function parameter values of the welders are different from those of the nonexposed cohort, respiratory status does not correlate further with either self-reported exposure or measured lung retention.
Adult↗
Intraindividual variation and effect of learning in lung function examinations. A population study.
The aims of this study were to analyse the influence of co-operation and instruction on inter-and intraindividual variations of normal lung function and to provide reference values for intraindividual variation. A sample of 125 non-smokers (age 30-70 yr) representative of the population of Copenhagen were studied with spirometry, complete and partial flow-volume curves, nitrogen washout volume, volume of trapped gas and transfer factor. The examination was repeated 0.5-6 months later for 112 of the individuals. Much of the variance observed at the first examination, i.e. interindividual variation, could be accounted for by the sex, age, height and weight of the individuals, whereas differences in individual motivation, social status, the ability of the technicians to instruct during the examination and interactions induced by the subject and the technician being of the same or of opposite sex were negligible. The intraindividual difference between the second and the first examinations were very small. Factors such as the subjects' sex, age, height, weight, social status, motivation, whether the examination was conducted by the same or a different technician at the two examinations, and whether the interval of time between the two examinations was short or long, were insignificant. It is concluded that while much of the interindividual variance of a lung function test is influenced by a variety of confounding factors, the intraindividual variation is not. Reference values for intraindividual variation are given.
Adult↗
Calculation of reference values for lung function tests.
The powerful computers that are now available enable calculation of reference values by endless permutations of regression models that are not always biologically meaningful. The aim of this study was to test the ability of simple regression models to describe data that has been collected for calculation of reference values. Healthy non-smoking females (n = 74) and males (n = 51) were studied with 22 commonly used lung function tests. If the data were logarithmically transformed, there was a satisfactory reduction of residual variation and the assumption of normality was fulfilled. Furthermore, the difference between males and females could be described by a binary sex-variable that is independent of interactions with other variables such as age, height and weight. Logarithmic transformation of lung function measurements followed by linear regression is recommended as a simple standard method for calculation of reference values.
Adult↗
Positive expiratory pressure (PEP-mask) physiotherapy improves ventilation and reduces volume of trapped gas in cystic fibrosis.
To investigate the lung function during positive expiratory pressure (PEP) physiotherapy in cystic fibrosis, the resistance tube of the PEP-mask was inserted into the expiratory outlet of our lung function equipment. This enabled us to measure a variety of lung function variables, while the lung function equipment functioned as a PEP-mask. We studied 12 patients and found that during PEP-mask physiotherapy functional residual capacity (FRC) increased significantly (p less than 0.02). There was a decrease of washout volume (WOV) (p less than 0.05), lung clearance index (WOV/FRC) (p less than 0.001) and volume of trapped gas (p less than 0.05), whereas total lung capacity, vital capacity, tidal volume and residual volume did not change significantly. It is concluded that in cystic fibrosis PEP-mask physiotherapy evens the intrapulmonary distribution of the ventilation and opens up regions, that are otherwise closed off. The results support the clinical observation that PEP-mask physiotherapy increases the transcutaneous tension of oxygen and the expectoration of sputum.
Adolescent↗
Bronchial reactivity and small airway dysfunction in subjects with intermediate alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency.
Lesions in small airways may cause increased central deposition of inhaled aerosol. This may enhance airway constriction following methacholine (MCh) challenge. Heterozygous alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiMZ) and smoking may both act on the lung parenchyma and may also influence small airways. We, therefore, have related bronchial reactivity to MCh to the function of the small airways and to smoking habits in 31 normal (PiM) male subjects aged 48-50 years and 34 PiMZ male subjects, all from a population study. A total of 23 subjects with increased bronchial reactivity was found. The number of reacting smokers (14/23) was significantly higher than that of the reacting ex-smokers (7/23) (p less than 0.05) and nonsmokers (2/19) (p less than 0.05). The smokers who had increased reactivity to MCh challenge had significantly higher closing capacity %, RV/TLC %, and volume of trapped gas % than the smokers who did not have increased reactivity. This difference was not seen with regard to closing volume %, slope index, delta N2 %/1, or washout volume. There was no significant difference between the PiM and the PiMZ subjects with regard to any of the lung function variables or the response to the MCh challenge. It is concluded that there may be a correlation between dysfunction of the small airways and increased bronchial reactivity.
Airway Resistance↗
A faculty on the move into the community.
Faculty at the University of Rochester School of Nursing initiated a curricular redesign to prepare students for the evolving demands of the health care job market and the changing nature of the nursing profession. The concept of the "Learning Community" serves as the metaphor for the new vision of clinical education: a set of collaborative and dynamic relationships of students, faculty, clinicians, health care consumers and institutional and community sites with the mutual responsibility for the education of students and the health of all partners. Students experience firsthand the new capabilities required of professionals in the new context of health care as more than illness care.
Clinical Competence↗