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Biomedical subjects

S Groth

Publications and source records attributed to S Groth.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Bronchial hyperreactivity to leucotriene D4 and histamine in exogenous asthma.

Reactivity of the small and large airways to inhaled leucotriene D4, one of the leucotrienes that constitute slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis, was studied in eight patients with exogenous asthma and nine healthy subjects with no history of atopy. Non-cumulative dose response relations were constructed for leucotriene D4 in a randomised, double blind set up. Reactivity to the leucotriene was compared with reactivity to histamine in the two groups. Both groups reacted to leucotriene D4 with significant airway obstruction evident in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow rate, maximal expiratory flow rate at 30% of forced vital capacity estimated from a partial flow volume curve initiated at 50% of vital capacity (V30), and an increase in volume of trapped gas. The airways of the patients were significantly (p less than 0.01) more reactive to leucotriene D4 than those of the controls. The differences were in order of magnitude, 10(2)-10(3) for FEV1 but only about 15 for V30 (p less than 0.05). The hyperreactivity of the airways of the asthmatic subjects to leucotriene D4 was comparable to that to histamine. Inhalation of leucotriene D4 caused pronounced dyspnoea only among the patients. The findings suggest a role for leucotriene D4 in human bronchial asthma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Phase I study of the cisplatin analogue 1,1-diamminomethylcyclohexane sulfatoplatinum (TNO-6) (NSC 311056).

The cisplatin derivative TNO-6 was evaluated for clinical toxicity in a phase I trial. TNO-6 was given daily for 5 days every 3 weeks as a 30-min IV infusion without hydration. In all, 39 patients with advanced cancer were treated at doses of 2.5-9.0 mg/m2. No dose-limiting nephrotoxicity occurred, but evidence of mild, reversible tubular damage was found. Dose-limiting toxicity was hematologic with both thrombopenia and leukocytopenia, which with high dose levels reached WHO grade 4. Hematologic toxicity was most pronounced for pretreated patients. No antitumor activity was seen. The recommended dose for phase II trials will be 9.0 mg/m2 for previously untreated and 8.0 mg/m2 for pretreated patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Beta-2-microglobulin excretion: an indicator of long term nephrotoxicity during cis-platinum treatment?

To evaluate the value of beta-2-microglobulin as an indicator of acute and long-term cis-platinum-induced nephrotoxicity, 51Cr-EDTA clearance and serum concentration and urinary excretion of beta-2-microglobulin were measured in 18 patients treated with a regimen including cis-platinum. Before treatment all values were within the normal range. During treatment 51Cr-EDTA clearance decreased from 108 to 90 ml/min/1.73 m2 (P less than 0.02). The decrease was irreversible, while a transient 2 to 5-fold increase in beta-2-microglobulin excretion in the urine was seen during treatment. Serum beta-2-microglobulin remained unchanged. The decrease in 51Cr-EDTA clearance was not correlated to either the peak increase in the beta-2-microglobulin excretion or to the time of occurrence of the peak (R = 0.3). Thus, it is not possible to predict the long-term nephrotoxicity of cis-platinum by measuring the beta-2-microglobulin excretion during treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Intranasal fenoterol in asthmatic subjects: an alternative route of administration.

In a double-blind crossover trial the beta 2-agonist fenoterol was administered by the nose and by mouth in 10 patients with stable asthma. In both situations the bronchodilating effect of fenoterol as measured by changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec, peak expiratory flow, and maximal expiratory flow at 50% vital capacity was significant (p less than 0.01) compared to placebo. The fenoterol was given in the nose by means of two puffs of 0.2 mg in each nostril (total of 0.8 mg) from a pressurized canister while the patient was holding his breath at total lung capacity; it was followed by an exhalation through the nose. When an effect could be defined as a submaximal plateau, the medication was repeated once. The peroral administration consisted of an inhalation of 0.4 mg of fenoterol from the pressurized canister by use of a standard procedure. Also this medication was repeated after a submaximal effect could be defined. Neither after the first nor the second medication was there any significant difference between the effect on the lung function of the two ways of administration. It is concluded that the intranasal administration of fenoterol can be considered an alternative way of self-administration by the severely ill asthmatic subject who is unable to inhale the bronchodilator or can be used by the emergency staff on the first contact with the severely ill asthmatic patient in the hospital.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1984

Ventilation/perfusion relations in patients with small cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung, obtaining complete remission during combination chemotherapy.

81mKr ventilation lung scans, 99mTc perfusion lung scans and lung function tests were performed in 25 patients with small cell lung cancer during combination chemotherapy in order to characterize the physiological changes in responding patients. After 3 months of chemotherapy 12 patients had obtained complete remission (CR), with total disappearance of all visible tumor tissue at the chest X-ray, 5 had obtained partial remission, 2 had progressive disease and 6 had died. Prior to treatment a mixed pattern of restrictive and obstructive lung function decrease was observed. The patients had a significant decrease in both ventilation and perfusion (P less than 0.01) of the affected lung and a ventilation perfusion mismatch was seen. Three months after initiation of treatment the patients who obtained CR had a statistical improvement (P less than 0.01) of TLC, VC and FEV in 1 sec, rendering them statistically inseparable from a healthy control group. The ventilation of the affected lung in patients obtaining CR increased statistically (P less than 0.01), but only a minor increase in perfusion (P less than 0.1) was seen so that the ventilation-perfusion ratio remained distorted. It is concluded that even though an increase of static and dynamic lung function parameters, including the ventilation of the affected lung, are seen in patients with small cell lung cancer obtaining complete remission during combination chemotherapy, a marked functional decrease of the perfusion and a ventilation-perfusion mismatch remain.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Calculation of 51Cr-EDTA clearance in children from the activity in one plasma sample by transformation of the biexponential plasma time-activity curve into a monoexponential with identical integral area below the time-activity curve.

The relation between 51Cr-EDTA clearance and plasma 51Cr-activity in children was analysed introducing the functions s(t) and g(t) for transformation of the biexponential plasma time-activity curve to a monoexponential with identical area below the time-activity curve. The theory of s(t) and g(t) were discussed and the variation of g(t) with time was determined empirically. The functions s(t) and g(t) were used to derive a formula for the calculation of 51Cr-EDTA clearance in children from one single plasma sample (ClST) withdrawn between 90 and 150 min after the injection. ClST and 51Cr-EDTA clearance calculated by means of a standard method were almost identical (r = 0.991). It is concluded that the formula may prove useful for calculation of 51Cr-EDTA clearance in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

51Cr-EDTA clearance determined by one plasma sample in children.

51Cr-EDTA clearance was determined in 50 children from the activity in one plasma sample by means of two methods. The calculation of 51Cr-EDTA clearance by method I (ClI) was based on a transformation of the biexponential time-activity curve into a monoexponential with identical area below the time-activity curve. The calculation of 51Cr-EDTA clearance by method II (ClII) was based on a close relation between 51Cr-EDTA clearance and the reciprocal apparent volume of distribution normalized with respect to body surface area. It was demonstrated that the two methods were closely related. To test the accuracy of the two methods, the results of ClI and ClII were compared to 51Cr-EDTA clearance calculated by means of a standard, multiple plasma sample method (ClSM). The correlations between ClSM and ClI and between ClSM and ClII were almost identical (r = 0.993 and r = 0.992). The accuracy of 51Cr-EDTA clearance calculated as ClI and ClII did not differ significantly from each other.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Suction blisters of the skin: a compartment with physiological, interstitium-like properties.

In six young men without known skin disease we evaluated whether mild suction to the skin significantly alters the properties of the underlying capillaries or whether suction blisters can be regarded as an interstitium-like compartment with dynamic physiological properties. Instead of the usual technique where the tracer is administered intravenously prior to the suction, we postponed the administration of the tracer (99mTc-DTPA) to 15 min after the suction blisters had been formed on the abdominal skin. We found that the final slope of average interstitium 99mTc-DTPA was almost parallel to that of the final slope of 99mTc-DTPA in the blister fluid (r = 0.917). During the period 120-240 min after the injection where the final slopes could be defined, the ratio between the amount of 99mTc-DTPA present in the interstitium and the amount of 99mTc-DTPA present in a blister fluid volume equal to interstitial fluid volume was 1.3. It is concluded that suction blisters of the skin behave like a dynamic interstitium-like compartment.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The possible role of LTD4 in asthma in humans investigated in vivo.

The bronchoconstrictor effect of LTD4 was tested in a double blind design in 9 healthy volunteers who inhaled 10 and 40 nmol synthetic LTD4, 10 and 100 mumol histamine, and placebo on 5 different days. As the nebulized testsolutions were administered via a settling bag, an even deposition on the airways could be expected, and consequently a relative predominans of the changes measuring the airflow in the small airways. Accordingly the PEF values were reduced by less than 5% for both active substances. The function of the small airways was measured by (1) the volume of trapped gas in percentage of the total lung capacity, and (2) maximal expiratory flow rate at 30% of vital capacity above residual volume, determined from partial flow-volume curves. A dose-dependent bronchial obstruction was revealed. LTD4 was 3 to 4 decades more potent than histamine on a log molar scale. Pronounced dyspnoea and systemic side effects were experienced after inhalation of histamine whereas LTD4 did not cause any symptoms. Adrenergic beta 2-agonist (Fenoterol) was in all cases capable of reversing the LTD4 induced bronchospasm. 6 patients with verified exogenous asthma were tested in a similar double blind set-up for their reactivity to LTD4. The asthmatics were hyperreactive to LTD4.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

CdTe-detector registration of 99mTc-DTPA clearance. An assessment of kidney function without blood sampling.

Since the most essential function of the kidneys is to regulate the composition and volume of the extracellular fluids the ratio of the extracellular volume (ECV) to the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) seems to be a relevant index of kidney function. This ratio is equal to the mean transit time (t) of an injected ECV-distributed tracer that is exclusively eliminated from the body by glomerular filtration. In 26 patients t was estimated by means of standard methods after an intravenous injection of 99mTc-DTPA and was found to be correlated (r = 0.98) to the reciprocal final slope of the time-activity curve obtained by means of small CdTe-detectors pasted laterally on the crus, 10-12 cm below the knee joint. It is concluded that this external measurement of kidney function, without blood sampling, may shorten the usual procedure from 4 to 1 h. Furthermore, due to the constant detection geometry throughout the investigation it may provide the means for prolonged continuous monitoring of the kidney function at steady state and when rapid changes are expected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Effects of intensive chemotherapy on respiratory function in patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung.

The lung function of 30 consecutive patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung was evaluated before and 3 months after initiation of intensive chemotherapy. Radiological evaluation of the therapeutic effect on the lung tumor was possible in 19 patients after 3 months. Six patients achieved complete normalization of the chest X-ray, 10 patients achieved more than 50% reduction of the tumor and no or minimal changes in the radiological image were observed in 3 patients. Before treatment a mixed pattern of obstructive and restrictive lung disease was observed in all patients. In the 16 patients who achieved partial or complete remission of the tumor normalization of the total lung capacity (P less than 0.02), vital capacity (P less than 0.02), FEV1 (P less than 0.02) and PEF (P less than 0.05) was observed independently of the degree of shrinkage of the tumor on chest roentgenogram, thus suggesting that the tumor was the major cause of the lung function impairment in these patients. The diffusion capacity and parameters reflecting the function of the small airways (RV/TLC% and MEF50) remained abnormal after treatment. Improvement of the lung function did not predict the individual duration of survival. However, the study proved that roentgenological normalization is paralleled by physiological normalization with the current treatment of this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The leakage of plasma albumin across small vessel walls during bleomycin treatment.

To characterize the toxic side-effects of bleomycin physiologically, pulmonary function, transcapillary escape rate of albumin, plasma volume and intravascular mass of albumin were determined prior to and during combination chemotherapy including cisplatin, vinblastine and bleomycin in 11 patients with stages I and II embryonal carcinoma of the testis. Though the patients received the maximum tolerable dose of bleomycin (270 mg/m2), no change of the lung function was observed. Pretherapeutic subnormal values of the intravascular mass of albumin were normalized during treatment. The transcapillary escape rate was unaffected. It is concluded that the overall leakiness of the microvasculature does not change during bleomycin treatment. It is hypothesized that the function abnormalities of the vessels known to be induced by bleomycin are mainly confined to the lungs and only to a moderate degree to the skin, rather than being general in character.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Leukotriene D4 induces bronchoconstriction in man.

The effect of leukotriene D4 (LTD4) on lung function was investigated in a controlled study on four normal subjects. A pronounced decrease in airflow was found after inhalation of less than 0.5 nmol, and was most pronounced in the variables generally accepted as indicators of the function of the small airways. No subjective symptoms were experienced.

Asthma↗
PubMed1983

Passage of albumin from plasma to suction skin blisters.

To study the transvascular passage of albumin from the plasma to the skin interstitium, suction blisters were developed on the abdominal skin of six young, healthy male volunteers. Fifteen minutes after the blisters had been formed and the suction had been stopped, 125I-albumin was injected intravenously and the disappearance of the tracer protein from plasma was compared to its appearance in blister fluid as a function of time for up to 4 h after the injection. There was a linear increase of blister fluid activity with time after injection and the mean accumulation rate of the six subjects was 0.9 +/- 0.4 (SD)%/h. It is suggested that this figure is a representative measure of the leakage of albumin through the skin microvasculature. In previous studies, a ten-fold higher accumulation rate of albumin was found when the protein tracer was administered intravenously before the suction was induced. This difference was probably due to a suction-induced increase of the filtration gradient across the skin vessels. It is concluded that both methods might be used to obtain a comparative measure of the local rate at which albumin passes from plasma to the interstitial fluid of the skin.

Adult↗