Characterization of intermediate conformational states in the B in equilibrium Z transitions of poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC).
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Circular Dichroism↗
Biomedical subjects
S Goto
Publications and source records attributed to S Goto.
An epidemiological study on carbon disulfide angiopathy in a Chinese viscose rayon factory.
To assess long-term vascular effects of occupational carbon disulfide (CS2) exposure, we examined 376 exposed and 325 unexposed Chinese workers with a medical and work-history questionnaire, a chest-pain questionnaire, blood pressure and blood cholesterol measurements, routine urinary tests, monochromatic fundus photography and other tests. Data from 354 exposed and 177 age- and sex-matched reference workers were evaluated. Personal exposure monitorings were performed simultaneously with a passive dosimeter using gas chromatography. Monochromatic fundus photography revealed no CS2-retinopathy characterized by microaneurysms and/or small dot hemorrhages, and no effects of CS2 on blood pressure and blood cholesterol were found. These negative results may have been due to the low daily exposure averages, which varied between 0.01 and 12.8, with a mean of 1.5 ppm. The present study suggested that the no-effect level of CS2 exposure on the development of retinopathy was around 2 ppm (8-h time weighted average), and the absence of adverse CS2 effects among the workers studied supported the current standard for occupational CS2 exposure of 10 mg m-3 in China.
Adult↗
Paradoxial effect of slime produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the bactericidal activity of chlorhexidine.
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Chlorhexidine↗
Histochemical acetylcholinesterase reactions in total colonic aganglionosis.
Reliability of the histochemical diagnosis in total colonic aganglionosis is controversial. We studied histochemical acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reactions in three children with total colonic aganglionosis. In all three, there was an increase in AChE positive nerve fibers in the rectal mucosa, obtained when the patients were over the neonatal period. However, a proximal extension of the increase in AChE positive nerve fibers was noted in the distal end of the resected bowel obtained at the definitive operation in two cases out of three. In one, there was no proximal extension in the resected bowel, and in another, there was an increase in AChE positive nerve fibers in the mucosa of the ganglionic ileum. Our findings indicate that the histochemical study of AChE activity in rectal suction biopsy is useful, even in cases of total colonic aganglionosis.
Acetylcholinesterase↗
An improved staining technique for acetylcholinesterase activity using rubeanic acid in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease.
An improved staining technique for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity using rubeanic acid was used to make a clinical diagnosis in 54 children with constipation. Nineteen were thus confirmed to have Hirschsprung's disease. False positive or negative reactions were nil. The sites of AChE activities were in the form of black deposits and the contrast was sharp. This approach should find a wide application for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease.
Acetylcholinesterase↗
Hirschsprung's disease in an adult. Special reference to histochemical determination of the acetylcholinesterase activity.
A 24-year-old Japanese woman with Hirschsprung's disease was subjected to the combination of barium enema, anorectal manometry, and a histochemical study of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in rectal suction biopsy. The histochemistry revealed a marked increase of AChE positive nerve fibers. The importance of such a study is stressed in order to diagnose Hirschsprung's disease correctly, even in adults. A Z-shaped anastomosis as a modification of Duhamel's method was carried out. The postoperative course was uneventful and she now has normal bowel evacuation.
Acetylcholinesterase↗
Functional deterioration of mouse liver ribosomes during aging: translational activity and activity for formation of the 47 S initiation complex.
The translational activities of ribosomes from young and old mouse livers were examined in an assay system dependent on rabbit globin mRNA. Old ribosomes showed 30-40% lower activity than young ribosomes. This observation, together with our previous findings (N. Mori, D. Mizuno and S. Goto, Mech. Ageing Dev., 10 (1979) 379-398), suggests functional deterioration of ribosomes of old animals. To examine the mechanism of the deterioration, the activities for formation of the initiation complex of 40 S ribosomal subunits in the livers of young and old mice were examined in vitro. The activity was found to be 15-20% lower in old mice (21 months old or more) than in young ones. This fact partly explains the decreased activity for ribosomal protein synthesis in old mice.
Aging↗
Ontogeny of the erythrocyte-dependent IgM antibody responses to cell membrane antigens.
Our previous experiments characterized the T-cell independent type 2 B-cell responses to cell membrane antigens that are controlled by two donor cell types with different antigen-presenting (AP) activities. We here report about the ontogeny of this novel type of responses with special reference to the mutual relation of the development among two AP activities and their acceptor functions. The responses of mice to H-2d antigens on allogeneic cells and hapten (fluorescein isothiocyanate) antigens on syngeneic cells were examined in parallel. The positive AP activity displayed by red blood cells (RBC) for induction of anti-hapten responses was fully developed in the fetus, although H-2d antigens on the RBC for induction of anti-H-2d responses was immature in mice under 7 days old. In contrast, the negative AP activity displayed by spleen cells (B cells) for inhibition of the RBC-dependent anti-hapten and anti-H-2d responses was first developed in mice about 3 weeks old. The B cell functions accepting the positive and negative AP activities were also matured by that time. The possible significance of these findings in the physiology and pathology of the unique responses was discussed.
Age Factors↗
Carcinoma of the stomach in a 7-year-old boy--a case report and a review of the literature on children under 10 years of age.
Carcinoma of the stomach in childhood is exceedingly rare. We now report on a case of carcinoma of the stomach in a 7-year-old Japanese boy, the youngest with so-called adult-type carcinoma of the stomach in Japan. The tumour was located mainly in the cardial region. Total gastrectomy was performed and an oesophago-jejunostomy was constructed. Histological studies revealed an anaplastic adeno-carcinoma. The possibility of gastric malignancy should always be considered when gastro-intestinal symptoms persist, even in children.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Histochemical confirmation of the acetylcholinesterase-activity in rectal suction biopsy from neonates with Hirschsprung's disease.
Proliferating patterns of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) positive nerve fibres were investigated in 23 neonates with Hirschsprung's disease. All subjects were separated into three groups, according to age. In group A (0-10 days old) adn groups B (11-20 days old, no increase in AChE positive nerve fibres was evidenced in the lamina propria mucosae, whereas 7 out of 9 cases in group C (21-28 days old) showed a moderate or marked increase in AChE positive nerve fibres in the lamina propria mucosae. A typical pattern of this proliferation up to the lamina propria mucosae was seen in 30.4% only of all cases in the series, and was limited to group C, where the positive AChE reaction from the submucosa to the muscularis mucosae (including the submucosa only), the rate was 91.3%. Re-examination was preformed in 14 cases over sthe neonatal period. All showed a positive AChE reaction up to the lamina propria mucosae. Suction biopsy specimen from neonates is sometimes inadequate with respect to the lack of inclusion of the muscularis mucosae and submucosa, as a result of a weakly negative pressure by suction. The normal reactions of AChE activity in the lamina propria mucosae do not exclude Hirschsprung's disease in neonates. Therefore, when a histochemical diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease using rectal suction biopsy for staining of AChE activity is required in the neonatal period, the diagnosis is safe and relatively easy at least over three weeks of age as mentioned above.
Acetylcholinesterase↗
Diagnosis and treatment of Hirschsprung's disease in Japan. An analysis of 1628 patients.
A nationwide survey on Hirschsprung's disease was conducted to clarify the recent trends of diagnosis and treatment of Hirschsprung's disease seen in Japan from 1978 to 1982. A total number of 1628 cases were collected from 135 medical institutions. Estimated incidence of Hirschsprung's disease was 1/4697. In diagnosis, anorectal manometry was carried out in 64.7% of the patients and histochemistry in 28.7%. Barium enema with manometry was most frequently used in combination of the methods. A total of 48.7% of the patients were diagnosed in the first month of life. The overall rate of creation of colostomy was 61.3% in aganglionosis extended to the sigmoid colon. Retrorectal transanal pull-through was used most frequently at 57.4%, including Z-shaped anastomosis at 30.4%, then endorectal pull-through at 27.6% as the definitive operation. Considerably high incidence (12.1%-33.7%) of postoperative enterocolitis was noted after major operative procedures, but the mortality rate was low (1.8%-2.4%) except total colonic with or without small bowel aganglionosis. The large number of patients studied in the present survey reveals that there still is much room for improvement in the diagnosis and treatment of Hirschsprung's disease, especially in total colonic with or without small bowel aganglionosis.
Birth Weight↗
Plasma protein binding of frusemide in renal failure rabbits: investigation of endogenous protein binding inhibitors.
The reduction mechanism of frusemide-protein binding in the plasma of renal failure was investigated. The drug-albumin binding was inhibited by the low molecular-weight fraction obtained from acute renal failure rabbits, suggesting the presence of the inhibitors in the plasma. Further, this fraction was divided into six subfractions by Bio-Gel P-2. Fractions II and V2 showed significant inhibition of the protein binding of frusemide. Among uraemic toxins, four indole derivatives markedly inhibited the protein binding. Analysis by hplc confirmed that the concentration of indican was markedly increased in acute renal failure rabbit plasma. It is suggested that this compound could be one of the major inducers of the protein binding defect.
Acute Kidney Injury↗
In vitro and in vivo antibacterial properties of FK 027, a new orally active cephem antibiotic.
FK 027 was more active than cefaclor, cephalexin, and amoxicillin against stock strains of a wide variety of gram-negative bacteria, including such opportunistic pathogens as Citrobacter and Enterobacter species and Serratia marcescens. FK 027 was significantly more active than the three reference drugs against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, indole-positive and -negative Proteus species, Providencia species, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It was less active than cefaclor, cephalexin, and amoxicillin against staphylococci, but it was similar to cefaclor in its activity against streptococci. With few exceptions, FK 027 was active against strains of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis that were resistant to the reference agents. The bactericidal activity of FK 027 against various gram-negative bacteria, including Proteus species, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter aerogenes, and S. marcescens, was greater than that of cefaclor, cephalexin, and amoxicillin. The therapeutic activities of FK 027 in mice infected with gram-negative bacilli were far superior to the activities of cefaclor, cephalexin, and amoxicillin, but they were inferior to the activities of these reference drugs against infection with Staphylococcus aureus.
Amoxicillin↗
Composition of the peptidoglycan of alkalophilic Bacillus spp.
Peptidoglycans of 10 alkalophilic Bacillus strains were isolated as trichloroacetic acid-insoluble materials from cell walls prepared by treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate, disruption with a sonic oscillator, and trypsin digestion. Major constituents detected commonly in hydrolysates of the peptidoglycans were glucosamine, muramic acid, D- and L-alanine, D-glutamic acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid, and acetic acid. Ammonia derived from amide was found in a portion of the hydrolysates. The composition of peptidoglycan was not changed whether the strain was cultured at pH 7 or 10. All the peptidoglycan examined was of the A1 gamma type of peptidoglycan found in most strains of the genus Bacillus.
Amino Acids↗
Vitreous fluorophotometry in patients with cone-rod dystrophy.
Eight patients with cone-rod dystrophy were examined by means of vitreous fluorophotometry. The data in three patients with an early stage of retinitis pigmentosa (rod-cone dystrophy) served for comparison. In contrast with the abnormal findings on vitreous fluorophotometry in patients with an early stage of retinitis pigmentosa the value of vitreous fluorophotometry in cone-rod dystrophy was within the normal range in all patients except the two with advanced stages of this disease. Our results suggest that, although both diseases are based on diffuse dystrophy of photoreceptors, and the final stages of the two diseases may show several similar features, the process of breakdown of the blood retinal barrier differs greatly in the two diseases.
Adolescent↗
Congenital anaplastic ependymoma: a case report of familial glioma.
A congenital anaplastic infratentorial ependymoma, occurring in a female infant whose sister also died of brain tumor, is described. The tumor, located in the cerebellum and the fourth ventricle, is characterized by predominantly undifferentiated neuroepithelial cells associated with numerous mitoses, and partially of the cells demonstrating differentiation into ependymal cells and astrocytes. Of special interest is the fact that the elder sister of the patient had also died of a congenital glioma located in the cerebellum and the fourth ventricle, which leads to the discussion about the influences of genetic factors in the development of the familial gliomas as well as about the histogenesis of the tumor examined.
Brain Neoplasms↗
Mouse ear PCA as a model for evaluating antianaphylactic agents.
Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction elicited in ears of male ddY mice was studied by means of assessing dye leakage. In the ear, PCA reaction was more sensitive and reproducible than that in the dorsal skin. The reaction was significantly suppressed by ketotifen, one of antianaphylactic agents.
Animals↗
Effect of environmental temperature on the elimination of theophylline.
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Animals↗