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Biomedical subjects

S G Kushner

Publications and source records attributed to S G Kushner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Interleukin system in schizophrenics].

Interleukines (IL) levels, mononuclear phagocytes (MP) activity and proliferative T-lymphocytes activity were studied in 6 patients with paranoid (ICD-10 item F20.00) and 20 patients with shift-like (F20.01) types of schizophrenia. Significant (p < 0.05) decrease of MP activity, monocytes-stimulated IL-1 beta production (mostly pronounced in paranoid type) lymphocyte-stimulated IL-2 production (p < 0.05) and proliferate T-lymphocytes activity (p < 0.01) were characteristic of schizophrenia in use of low mitogen doses. A significant increase (p < 0.001) of IL-2 serum concentration was found only in shift-like type. The changes of IL-2 concentration are more frequent in younger patients, aged up to 30 years, with relatively long duration of illness and manifestation stage (over 5 years). An increase of serum IL-2 in the patients was not connected with the changes of soluble IL-2 receptors in the serum as it did not differ from the control values.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[A change of immune profile of patients with schizophrenia during treatment].

Cellular and humoral immunological parameters have been studied in 59 schizophrenic patients and 38 healthy controls. Immunological indices (CIC, autoantibodies to cardiolipin) were found to be significantly elevated in patients in the acute disease stage before the treatment. After olanzapin therapy, a level of these parameters decreased and did not differ from that of controls. In patients, irrespective of clinical condition and treatment, functional activity of immunocompetent cells (phagocyte activity of neutrophils and monocytes, cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes natural killers, interleukin-2, interleukin-10 and gamma-interferon production), was significantly lower both before the treatment as after therapy, i.e. did not change during the whole study (28 weeks). In responders, a level of IL-1B production was higher than in controls before and during the treatment. In non-responders, it was similar to that in controls before the therapy, and increased during the treatment to a higher level.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2002

[The changes of the function of lymphocytes natural killers in schizophrenics].

Cytotoxic activity and lymphocyte natural killers (NK) number as well as gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) production were studied in patients with paranoid (22 patients) and progressive attack-like (39 patients) schizophrenia (47 male and 14 female patients aged 16-62 years). Compared to controls, a decrease of NK activity and a trend towards gamma-IFN production decrease were found. In the patients, NK lymphocytes number was not changed. Cytotoxic activity was reduced only in the male patients, a frequency of cases with lower activity level being the highest in those with more severe form of paranoid schizophrenia. A significant difference of both indices was detected between men and women. In the men, the longer was the disease duration, the higher was cytotoxic activity and lymphocyte number increase. It was shown in vitro that monocytes are not involved in mechanisms changing the level of lymphocyte cytotoxicity in the patients and immune modulator enkad stimulats cytotoxic activity in the male patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Interleukin level in endogenous depression].

Interleukin level and mononuclear phagocytes (MPh) activity have been studied in 19 patients with mono- and bipolar depression. All the patients were examined at admission to a hospital before treatment. The depression was characterized by low MPh activity, a significant (p < 0.05) fall in IL-1 beta production by stimulated monocytes, a trend to reduction of IL-2 production by stimulated lymphocytes, significant (p < 0.05) IL-2 serum concentration increase and significant (p = 0.05) decrease of soluble IL-2 receptor (siL-2R) concentration in the serum. Significant positive correlation (r = 0.76; p < 0.05) between MPh activity and IL-1 beta production has been found. Interleukin alterations were most manifest at the early disease stage (symptoms onset is less than one year). It is suggested that IL-2 accumulation in the blood serum in these patients is strongly influenced by a significant decrease of siL-2R serum concentration. MPh (the main IL-2 producers) activity reduction results in the monocyte IL-1 beta production decrease followed by changes in interleukin (in particular, IL-2) production by lymphocytes and other changes in interleukin system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Correlation between functional activity of lymphocytes in patients with Alzheimer's dementia and their response to therapy].

16 patients with dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT) were examined. Functional activity of lymphocytes was determined according to proliferating activity of T-lymphocytes, production of Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and estimation of subpopulations of T-leukocytes (T-helpers, T-suppressors). The patients were observed both before and 1-2.5 months after amiridin therapy. Considerable reduction of both IL-1 production and proliferating activity of T-lymphocytes was observed after the treatment in 8 patients of 11. Their cognitive functioning after the therapy was either improved or stable by the moment of repeated observation. It is quite important that initial functional activity of lymphocytes was considerably higher in this group of patients as compared with the age-matched controls. Change for the worse in cognitive functions by the moment of the second examination was accompanied in 5 patients with an increase in IL-1 production as compared to the initial level. It is proposed that high level of IL-1 production by blood lymphocytes may be used as a criterion in selection of DAT patients for amiridin therapy.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1998

[System of natural killer lymphocytes in Alzheimer's type dementias].

Cytotoxic activity and quantity of natural killer (NK) lymphocytes were measured in 25 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), in 13 patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer's type (SDAT) and in 31 normals of different age (controls). In mentally healthy elderly individuals of the same age as the patients, functional activity of a subpopulation of NK lymphocytes was significantly decreased in comparison with healthy young people, meanwhile a number of these cells wasn't changed. In patients with AD and SDAT the tendency was found to increasing of functional activity of NK lymphocytes in comparison with elderly normals, which achieved the degree of significant differences only in SDAT patients with moderate dementia. Direct dependence of cytotoxic activity of NK lymphocytes on AD duration was determined. Such correlation was not observed in SDAT. This permitted to suppose a destructive influence of lymphocytes with increased cytotoxic activity on either CNS cells or their components in AD.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[The immune system characteristics during normal aging and in Alzheimer's disease].

The paper presents a review of data available in the literature and the authors' own findings on age-related physiology and pathology of the immune system. Almost all parameters characterizing the functional activity of the immune system in Alzheimer's disease (AD) were demonstrated to significantly differ from those in the healthy elderly, The magnitude of immunological changes clearly correlated with the severity of dementia in AD patients. A hypothesis of the gradual development of immunological changes in an AD patient in relation to his dementia formation is given.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Imipramine antibodies in endogenous depression in young people].

The drug antibodies were radioimmunologically detected in 58.3% of depressive patients treated with Imipramine. A group of patients with the antibodies permanently present either proved fully resistant or showed a minor effect. A group with antibodies arising just at the start of the treatment displayed either complete remission or substantial improvement. Antibodies were not found in patients exhibiting full recovery or considerable improvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Distribution of alpha-, beta- and gamma-endorphins in the forebrain and diencephalon of the rat brain (immunohistochemical study)].

The investigation performed by means of specific rabbit antisera is one of the stages for mapping peptides. This is necessary for revealing functional role of the endorphins in the CNS. The indirect method of Coons is applied in parallel series of frontal paraffin slices of the brain 10 mcm thick. Neurons containing alpha-, beta- and gamma-endorphins are localized in the same brain areas. These are structures of the palaeocortex (the prepiriform cortex and the diagonal area) and those of the hypothalamus (the supraoptic, arcuate, ventromedial, mammillary nuclei, anterior and posterior fields). Endorphinergic neural fibers run within composition of various conducting cerebral systems, such as the corpus collosum, fornix, internal and external capsules.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Anti-thymocyte antibodies in schizophrenia: clinico-immunologic and genetic correlations].

The blood levels of anti-thymocytic IgG, IgM and IgA were studied in schizophrenics, their relatives and normal donors. The schizophrenic patients and their relatives had significantly elevated levels of IgG and IgM. The increased level of IgG in schizophrenic patients may be considered as a reflection of the pathological process or, perhaps, as a response to disease exacerbation. A high concentration of IgM is implicated in hereditary liability to schizophrenia being a significant although insufficient component of the patient's ability to develop the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Cellular and regional localization of the neurospecific antigen 10-40-4 in the human brain].

Cellular and regional localization of neurospecific protein 10-40-4 in human brain was studied by immunofluorescent staining and immunoenzymatic assay. Intense fluorescence of perikaryons of the medulla oblongata, thalamus and pons neurons was demonstrated. The same structures showed the maximal concentration of the protein (15-18% of water-soluble proteins). In the cortex of the hemispheres, in the cerebellum and hypothalamus the fluorescence intensity was not different from the background level. The concentration of the protein in these structures was minimal (1-4% of water-soluble proteins).

Antigens↗
PubMed1985

[Genetic analysis of antithymocyte activity in schizophrenia].

Immunologic changes in schizophrenic psychoses were examined by different methods of genetic analysis. The cytotoxic test and the method of fluorescent antibodies showed an increase in the antithymocytic activity (ATA) of the blood serum. A high index of the coefficient of a genetic correlation between elevated blood levels of ATA and the genetic component of liability to the disease indicates that genetic factors partially involved in the general structure of hereditary predisposition to schizophrenic psychoses participate in the determination of interindividual differences with regard to blood ATA levels. The data obtained suggest that the observed antithymocytic activity of the blood serum was due to at least 2 types of antibodies with different affinity to thymocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Classes of immunoglobulins responsible for serum antithymocyte activity in healthy subjects and mental pathology].

The antilymphocytic activity of the serum was examined in schizophrenic patients and in mentally healthy donors using the method of fluorescent antibodies. It was found that the antithymocytic activity of both the schizophreniacs and the healthy subjects was due to immunoglobulins G and M. The number of thymocytes showing fluorescence under the action of IgG was found to be approximately the same in both groups of the persons examined. When use was made of fluorescein-labelled IgM the number of fluorescent thymocytes was found to be three times greater in the patients than in the healthy subjects. It is suggested that the differences revealed may be associated with an increased avidity of the IgM antibodies, or with disturbances of the synthesis of immunoglobulins in the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Nature of antigens antibodies to which are detected in the serum of schizophrenic patients].

The study was conducted by the immune absorption method. The serum activity before and after absorption was studied with the cytotoxic test and the fluorescent antibody method. The studies demonstrated that antibodies, detected in the blood serum of patients and normals differ not only qualitatively but also quantitatively. It was established as well that antibodies detected in normals may be completely absorbed by the brain and thymus of mice or by similar human tissues. In absorption of antibodies in patients by tissues of mice, the activity of the sera entirely disappears. On the contrary, the brain tissue and human thymocytes only insignificantly decrease the serum titres in patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Quantitative assessment of antithymocyte antibodies in schizophrenia].

The use of the method of fluorescent antibodies and cytotoxic tests showed that the blood serum of schizophrenic patients and normals possess an antithymocytic activity. However, the level of this activity in patients exceeds the corresponding indices in normals (p less than 0.02). The use of indirect immunofluorescent methods permitted to demonstrate that the antithymic antibody titres in schizophrenic patients is much higher than in normals. The amount of the cytotoxic index is in direct correlation with the level of antithymic antibodies determined by the fluorescent antibody method.

Adult↗