Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S G Anderson.
Following a collaborative assay by five laboratories in four countries, an International Reference Preparation for Human Serum Immunoglobulin E has been established by the World Health Organization and international units have been assigned to it.
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An International Reference Preparation for Human Serum Immunoglobulins G, A, and M has been established by the World Health Organization and international units have been assigned to it. This paper describes international collaborative assays carried out by 10 specialized laboratories, which attempted to define the immunoglobulin contents of the International Reference Preparation by weight. For all immunoglobulins the estimates of contents by weight were imprecise, largely owing to heterogeneity of estimates between laboratories. Mean estimates of immunoglobulin contents by weight are given, but it is considered that the results of assays of immunoglobulin against the International Reference Preparation or related preparations are more precisely expressed in terms of international units.
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A pooled human serum, partly diluted, has been distributed into ampoules and freeze-dried in several batches. The freeze-dried material has been examined in an international collaborative assay and certain properties have also been estimated in individual laboratories.On the basis of these tests this material was considered to be suitable for use as a standard for the estimation of IgG, IgA and IgM for clinical purposes using the single-radial-diffusion or similar techniques. Greater uniformity of results than is obtained at present should be achieved if this material were in general use.Estimates of immunoglobulins from different laboratories using this material as a standard showed small but significant variability. This variability was probably related to the heterogeneity of immunoglobulins and of antisera, and it limits the precision of immunoglobulin estimations by techniques at present in use.Batches of this material have been distributed to various centres. 67/68 has been established as the British research standard for human serum immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM for which the unit of potency is defined as the activity present in 0.8147 mg of dry powder. The average activity per ampoule of 67/86 is 100 units of IgG, IgA and IgM. The average activities of other related preparations have been estimated.
At the request of the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization, the National Institute for Medical Research, London, obtained 63 samples of convalescent human plasma from patients recovering from smallpox. The sera were pooled and distributed into ampoules and freeze-dried.The freeze-dried material was examined in 11 laboratories in 6 countries in an international collaborative assay during 1964 and 1965.The results from 10 laboratories were more or less consistent, but relative potencies in terms of the proposed international standard estimated by one of the laboratories were exceptionally low. Since this laboratory used a strain of virus different from that used in all the other laboratories, it was suspected that antigenic properties or avidity of the virus might have caused the divergence of results; this is being investigated.After considering the report of the international collaborative assay, the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization established the material as the International Standard for Anti-Smallpox Serum, and a unitage was assigned so that 1 International Unit of activity was contained in 0.08416 mg, and each ampoule contains (on average) 1000 IU of activity.
The National Institute for Medical Research, London, England, was requested by the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization to arrange a collaborative study of the serum pool they had obtained, to determine its suitability to serve as an international reference preparation of rheumatoid arthritis serum. A batch of this serum was assayed by 11 laboratories in 7 countries against 30 test preparations. On the basis of the results obtained, the serum has been established as the International Reference Preparation of Rheumatoid Arthritis Serum and the International Unit of Rheumatoid Arthritis Serum has been defined as the activity contained in 0.171 mg of the international reference preparation.A description is also given of the British reference preparation of rabbit antibody to sheep red blood cells (amboceptor) and this material was also tested in the collaborative study.
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This report concerns estimates of rheumatoid factor in human sera made by the sheep cell agglutination test. In an international collaborative assay of rheumatoid arthritis serum, estimates of potency of tested sera in relation to the International Reference Preparation were on average higher when made on the continent of Europe than when made in the United Kingdom and USA. In the present study, potencies were estimated in the National Institute for Medical Research using several sources of sheep cells in the United Kingdom and several from the continent of Europe. No large differences were found when other factors in the test were held constant.However, when the concentration of amboceptor used to sensitize the red cells was varied, considerable variation was noted in the estimated titre of rheumatoid factor. This confirmed earlier reports. Estimated potencies were also greatly affected by the concentration of amboceptor, the effect of amboceptor varying with the serum being tested; it was also found to vary with the source of sheep red cells that were sensitized.
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