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Biomedical subjects

S Fujiwara

Publications and source records attributed to S Fujiwara.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Intracranial hypoglossal neurinoma: report of a case.

A case of intracranial hypoglossal neurinoma is reported. The diagnostic importance of an enlarged hypoglossal canal with isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy is emphasized. The computed tomography and angiographic findings are described.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1980

Pathophysiological significance of coronary collaterals for preservation of the myocardium during coronary occlusion and reperfusion in anaesthetised dogs.

The significance of pre-existing coronary collaterals for preservation of the myocardium during coronary occlusion and reperfusion was studied in anaesthetised open-chest dogs. The extent of myocardial ischaemic damage was assessed by the accumulation of calcium in the central zone of the ischaemic area and the size of myocardial infarct by the p-nitroblue tetrazolium staining method. Myocardial creatine kinase release was considered as an index reflecting both the extent of ischaemic myocardial damage and the size of the infarct. Reperfusion with the arterial blood of a main branch of the left coronary artery following the 60 min occlusion aggravated the ischaemic myocardial damage, as evidenced by exaggerated cardiac irregularity, myocardial calcium accumulation, and creatine kinase release. The myocardial calcium content and the logarithm of the creatine kinase release during reperfusion were linearly related to the infarct size. These parameters of myocardial damage were inversely related to the retrograde blood flow through the peripheral end of the occluded artery or the ratio of the retrograde-to-orthograde flow, indicating that the pre-existing collaterals influence preservation of the ischaemic myocardium. Thus, it is suggested that the collateral flow available during an ischaemic episode determines the viability of the myocardial cells during ischaemia, and in turn during reperfusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[On the subacute toxicity of labetalol (AH5158): a combined alpha-and beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent (author's transl)].

Subacute toxicity and recovery tests of labetalol hydrochloride, alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent, were carried out using male and female Wistar strain rats. The drug was orally administered at 50, 150, 450 or 1000 mg/kg/day for 1 month. In all the drug-treated groups, increase in salivation was observed from immediately to 15 minutes after dosing through the treatment period. Eight of the 10 males and 9 of the 10 females in the group treated with 1000 mg/kg/day died of intoxication. Suppression of body weight gain was observed in male rats in the 450 and 1000 mg/kg/day groups and in female rats in the 1000 mg/kg/day group. In the 150 mg/kg/day and higher dose groups, water consumption showed a tendency to increase as compared with that of control group. Increase in urine volume was observed in female rats in the 450 mg/kg/day group. In the serum biochemical examination, slight elevation in potassium levels was noted in the 150 and 450 mg/kg/day groups. In histopathological findings, some abnormalities were found in the groups treated at 150 mg/kg/day and higher. Major abnormalities found in organs were; congestion and hypremia of various organs due to vasodilation, swelling of parenchymatous cells in liver and kidneys, and loose arrangement and change in the thickness of muscle fibers in cardiac and skeletal muscles. None of these abnormal findings was found in any examination in recovery tests.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Solitary plasmacytoma in the cerebellopontine angle.

A case of solitary plasmacytoma of the skull base growing into the cerebellopontine angle is reported. Myeloma protein of the lambda type light chain was identified in the patient's cerebrospinal fluid. The difficulty in differentiating solitary plasmacytomas of the skull base from other tumors in this location, such as chordoma and meningioma, is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in two inbred guinea pigs: 1. Strain differences in developing chronic relapsing form of EAE.

Two inbred strains of guinea pig (Strain 13 and JY-1) were compared with regard to their reactivity to the central nervous tissue emulsion in complete Freund's adjuvant as the challenge for elicitation of EAE. The susceptibilities to EAE sensitization of adult guinea pigs were almost equal between the two strains, while those of young animals were different. The young Strain 13 guinea pigs are liable to develop chronic relapsing form of EAE, the incidence is 100% in 4--5 weeks guinea pigs and 60% in 6 weeks. On the contrary young JY-1 guinea pigs were as susceptible as adults. They developed typical acute EAE, which was usually fatal. Central nervous system of acute and chronic EAE guinea pigs of two strains was examined by the indirect immunofluorescent technique for the detection of lymphocytes. Most of the positive lymphocytes were detected in the perivascular space and some were detected in the parenchyma of the brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Transdural anastomosis in moyamoya disease--vault moyamoy (author's transl)].

Transdural anastomosis in Moyamoya disease, which we have named as "Vault Moyamoya", is reported. It seems that these vault moyamoya vessels are apt to be developed at certain fixed positions; 9 definite places in children cases 6 in adults. Main feeding arteries of each vault moyamoya are dural arteries. In addition to them, the blood flow from STA and OA is found. The incidence of vault moyamoya at each position shows similar tendency both in children and adults cases. Vault moyamoya are developed more frequently around the base of the brain near the carotid fork, where occlusion exists. Less moyamoya are formed as the position is farther from the carotid fork. In children, the incidence of vault moyamoya seems to coincide with the phases of basal moyamoya. It is not clarified yet whether the adults vault moyamoya are straightly inherited from children vault moyamoya. Blood flow from vault moyamoya to the brain cannot be ignored. When STA-MCA anastomosis is applied to moyamoya cases, we had better take the degree of development and positions of vault moyamoya into consideration, because we have to cut STA and MMA in the procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Degradation of uric acid to urea and glyoxylate in peroxisomes.

The distribution of enzymes involved in purine degradation in fish and crustaceous liver was examined by centrifugation in a sucrose density gradient. In mackerel, yellow mackerel, and prawn liver and mantis club hepatopancreas, uricase and allantoinase were located only in the peroxisomes and in the soluble fraction from broken peroxisomes, and allantoicase was located only in the peroxisomes. Uricase and allantoinase seem to be located in the peroxisomal matrix and allantoicase in the peroxisomal membrane. Adenase, guanase, and xanthine oxidase were present only in the soluble fraction of mackerel liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Relationship between facial flushing and blood acetaldehyde levels after alcohol intake.

Normal subjects were divided into two groups, i.e., those showing, and those not showing, facial flushing after consuming a small amount of alcohol. In the flushing group, increases of pulse rate, facial skin temperature and carotid arterial pressure and blood flow rate, as well as changes of digital plethysmogram and electrocardiogram, were found together with a conspicuous rise in blood acetaldehyde levels after the drinking. However, significant changes of the signs as mentioned above and elevation of blood acetaldehyde did not occur in the non-flushing group. The maximum blood alcohol levels and the rate of alcohol elimination showed not difference between these two groups. Furthermore, urinary excretions of epinephrine and norepinephrine increased in the flushing cases after the drinking.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1979

Granule-containing cells in the human superior cervical ganglion.

The fine structure of granule-containing cells in the human superior cervical ganglion is described. These cells are larger than the typical SIF cells in mammals and exhibit green-yellow fluorescence. They are characterized by numerous granular vesicles (80-140 nm in diameter) in the cytoplasm, but have many features in common with ordinary ganglion cells. They emit several long processes which form bundles together with ordinary nerve fibers. No synapses are found where the cells are presynaptic, although a few synapses are observed there where nerves are prosynaptic on the perikarya and processes of the cells. No close topographical relations are seen between the cells and blood vessels. It is suggested that the granule-containing cells are a special type of postganglionic aminergic neurons.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1979

Clinical and pathologic studies of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in acute leukemia.

One hundred and sixty cases of acute leukemia observed at our Department between 1953 and 1977 were reviewed as to the presence and nature of the accompanying gastrointestinal hemorrhage. A massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage requiring blood transfusions occurred in 29 cases (18%). The most common lesion was hemorrhagic necrosis of the small intestines. There were three forms of hemorrhage: Type I: thrombocytopenia, hemorrhagic diathesis, diffuse hemorrhage of mucosa and submucosa, but no erosion nor ulceration. Type II: no specific pathologic findings. Diffuse hemorrhage, superficial erosions, bacterial and fungal invasions were observed. Type III: single and/or multiple ulcerations, necrosis and perforation of the small intestines and colon. Thrombocytosis was almost always present at the prebleeding phase in these cases. Intravascular microthrombi at the basis of ulceration were seen. Usually, more than one process were seen in each case. An appropriate approach to the severe gastrointestinal hemorrhage with a combination of anti-leukemic chemotherapy, anti-coagulant therapy, platelet transfusion, etc. would further add to the number of long-term survivors in acute leukemia.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1979

[Surgical treatment of the middle cerebral artery aneurysm--from the experiences of 174 cases (author's transl)].

174 cases of middle cerebral artery aneurysm submitted to surgical operations without using microscope were reviewed. At operation, the head is set on the neutral and slightly chin up position, not turned to any directions. Small craniotomy, which is about half as much as the ordinary unifrontal craniotomy, is performed. The merit of our method is as follows; the M1 portion (Fisher) of the middle cerebral artery runs horizontally, so that we can keep the parent artery during the operation, and owing to the chin up position the strong retraction of the frontal lobe can be avoided. Of 174 cases, 9 were dead (mortality rate 5.2%) and 18 were poor (10.4%). Bad operative outcome is due to the obstruction of the middle cerebral artery around the aneurysmal neck. Therefore, we should always keep in mind to preserve the blood flow of the parent artery as well as that of its branches. Study was made mainly on this point of view such as the general technical process of the aneurysmal neck treatment, the treatment of the cases with severe arteriosclerosis and with large aneurysms having the blood coagula inside.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Surgical treatment of the internal carotid-posterior communicating artery aneurysm--from the experience of 213 cases (author's transl)].

213 cases of so-called posterior communicating artery aneurysm submitted to surgical operation without using microscope were reviewed from the technical point of view. Aneurysm project boradly to two directions, i.e. postero-inferior and lateral directions. We have treated these anuerysms with two very distinct operative approaches in order to reach the aneurysmal neck from the right angle. Frontal approach is used for the aneurysms projecting laterally. In contrast, the aneurysms projecting postero-inferior are reached laterally by mobilizing the tip of the temporal lobe. Of 213 patients, 15 died (mortality rate 7.0%) and 19 were poor (8.9%). The operative result of the cases in which the aneurysm ruptured during the exposure of the aneurysmal neck was poor. Therefore, intensive care is emphasized to avoid the aneurysm rupture during surgery. Other important technical points which affect the operative results were discussed.

Adolescent↗