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Biomedical subjects

S Fink

Publications and source records attributed to S Fink.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Experience with the renal scintigraphic captopril test in an elderly population.

The records of 18 consecutive patients referred to a Veterans Administration Hospital nuclear medicine service for renal scintigraphic tests to rule out renovascular hypertension were reviewed. The men were elderly (mean age, 62 years), and risk factors for untoward reactions, including long-standing hypertension, severe peripheral vascular disease, diabetes, chronic renal failure, and recent diuretic use were present. Despite these risks, there was no test morbidity, and the authors conclude that the renal scintigraphic test with captopril enhancement is well tolerated and deserves continued application and evaluation.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Physiological considerations in radionuclide urodynamic studies.

Radionuclear imaging of micturition (RNIM) (Nuclear Uroflowmetry, Voiding Nuclear Cystogram) measures bladder volumes, bladder emptying times, and urinary flow rates. These data help to differentiate normal subjects from those with obstructive uropathy or neuromuscular failure and to quantify the deficit. We discuss the physiological considerations of importance to physicians ordering and interpreting this convenient and noninvasive diagnostic procedure.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Physiological considerations in radionuclide imaging of the penis during impotence therapy.

The increased use of intracorporeal drugs in the treatment of impotence has advanced our understanding of erectile physiology. Radionuclide imaging of the penis (nuclear penogram) has provided clinicians with a noninvasive, objective measure of blood flow and blood pool changes during erection and with assistance in the quantitative documentation of therapeutic effect.

Drug Combinations↗
PubMed1989

[A method for understanding halothane-induced changes of cytosolic calcium concentrations in blood platelets].

A method will be presented for monitoring the halothane-induced changes of the cytosolic calcium concentration in blood platelets. Using the fluorescent indicator quin2 it was demonstrated for the first time that halothane causes a temporary increase of the cytosolic free calcium in platelets. The parameter Mean Cytosolic Calcium Concentration describes the halothane-induced changes quantitatively.

Aminoquinolines↗
PubMed1988

Postoperative monitoring of conjunctival oxygen tension and temperature.

To define the utility of conjunctival temperature (Tcj) and conjunctival oxygen tension (PcjO2) monitoring during rewarming in the postoperative period, we measured serial Tcj, PcjO2 and PcjO2 index (PcjO2/PaO2) values in 10 patients after cardiac surgery. PcjO2 and PcjO2 index were markedly depressed at the low conjunctival temperatures recorded during the immediate postoperative period. As the patients' core and conjunctival temperatures increased, there was a concomitant, linear increase in PcjO2 and PcjO2 index for Tcj less than 33.5 degrees C. Two patients showed deviation from this temperature-related rise in PcjO2 and PcjO2 index, and both of these patients demonstrated physiologic deterioration associated with cardiac arrest or hypotension. These results indicate that monitoring of PcjO2 and Tcj can provide a continuous assessment of the adequacy of peripheral perfusion and oxygenation in the postoperative period.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Interleukin 2 stimulates heart contractility in the presence of exogenous arachidonate or the calcium ionophore A 23187.

An increase in the isometric developed tension (IDT) of isolated rat atria was observed shortly after the addition of human interleukin 2 (IL-2) to the organ preparation with subthreshold concentrations of either arachidonate (AA, 1.98 X 10(-6)M) or the calcium ionophore A 23187 (1.9 X 10(-6)M). Both natural purified IL-2 (nIL-2) and yeast recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2) were active in this experimental system. It was determined that this lymphokine was active at 2 X 10(-11)M, considering as a reference the specific activity of rIL-2. Anti-IL-2 monoclonal antibody (anti-IL-2 MAb) abolished this reaction. Inhibition of atrial phospholipase C activity by nitrocarboxyphenyl N,N-diphenylcarbamate (NCDC, 5 X 10(-6)M) prevented the development of the inotropic positive effect of IL-2 in the presence of either AA or A 23187. The synthetic diacylglyceride 1-oleoyl, 2-acetyl-glycerol (OAG) replaced the IL-2 as stimulatory signal but NCDC had no effect on the reaction. The results suggest that IL-2 can alter the physiologic behaviour of the heart and that its mechanism of action is probably similar to the one proposed for other IL-2 targets (IL-2 receptor-positive T lymphocytes, T cell lines).

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The influence of anxiety and locus of control on adolescents' response to naproxen sodium for mild to moderate pain.

This study assessed the influence of internal health locus of control (IHLC) and anxiety on the adolescent's response to the treatment of mild and moderate pain. Fifty-four adolescents (ages 16-22 years) from two adolescent clinics presenting with mild to moderate pain caused by dysmenorrhea, muscle sprain or strain, headache, or backache were studied. Following a physical examination and a pretest assessment of pain, IHLC, and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, subjects were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to groups receiving placebo (n = 16), 100 mg of naproxen sodium (n = 19), or 200 mg naproxen sodium (n = 19) and assessed at 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours. Based on a repeated-measure analysis of covariance test, there were no differences between groups in the pretest measurements. All treatment groups had a decrease in pain over the 4 hours (p less than 0.0001). Patients from one institution had more pain reduction than at the other (p less than 0.0001), and females had more pain reduction than males (p less than 0.034). Subjects receiving 200 mg of naproxen sodium had more pain relief (p less than 0.034) than subjects taking placebo at hour 2. Baseline anxiety was positively associated with pain after receiving placebo, but inversely associated with pain after taking naproxen sodium. The IHLC appeared to have a positive effect on the response to naproxen sodium, but no effect on the response to placebo.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Non-invasive conjunctival PCO2 and PO2 monitoring during hyper- and hypoventilation.

In order to evaluate potential applications of non-invasive fiberoptic conjunctival carbon dioxide (Pcj,CO2) and polarographic oxygen (Pcj,O2) sensors, we studied the effects of graded hyper- and hypoventilation on Pcj,CO2 and Pcj,O2 values in dogs. Pcj,CO2 values correlated well with Pa,CO2 (r = 0.95, n = 114); the mean Pcj,CO2--Pa,CO2 gradient was 4 +/- 3 (S.D.) Torr. Both hyper- and hypoventilation resulted in decreased Pcj,O2 values, whereas decreased Pa,O2 was observed only during hypoventilation; thus, the Pcj,O2/Pa,O2 index decreased during hyperventilation but was maintained during hypoventilation. Because both cerebral and conjunctival capillary beds vasoconstrict during hyperventilation, this methodology may assist in the non-invasive monitoring of cerebral oxygenation during cerebral resuscitation and surgery. Non-invasive Pcj,CO2 monitoring, which reflects Pa,CO2 during changes in ventilation, may be used to simplify ventilator management and weaning, as well as guide appropriate timing of arterial blood gas analysis in hemodynamically stable patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Conjunctival oxygen tension monitoring in emergency department patients.

Conjunctival oxygen tension (PcjO2) was sequentially monitored in 96 medical and surgical patients admitted to the emergency department resuscitation suite during a 6-month period. There were 28 patients with cardiac arrest, 44 with major trauma, and 24 with severe medical problems. A total of 2,392 PcjO2 data points were collected in these patients. In patients with cardiac arrest, PcjO2 showed changes in physiological condition as early as or earlier than measurement of vital signs. Measurement of PcjO2 and the finding of a PcjO2 index (PcjO2/PaO2) less than .5 in normotensive multiple trauma patients allowed rapid detection of hemorrhagic hypovolemia. In critically ill medical patients, low values for PcjO2 were found with hypoxemia as well as in conditions associated with decreased cardiac output and tissue oxygen delivery. These two conditions could be distinguished by measuring PaO2 and calculating the PcjO2 index; a PcjO2 index less than .5 was associated with diminished peripheral perfusion and cardiac output, and a PcjO2 index greater than .5 indicated hypoxemia without any compromise in cardiac output. In the group of critically ill surgical and medical patients included in this study, conjunctival oxygen monitoring provided clinically useful information not available from vital signs and permitted identification of physiological instability associated with abnormalities in peripheral tissue perfusion and oxygenation as early as or earlier than conventional monitoring methods.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effect of cephalosporins on bilirubin-albumin binding.

The effect of parenterally administered cephalosporins on bilirubin-albumin binding was measured in vitro by means of the peroxidase method with human serum albumin and by means of a dialysis rate method with newborn infants' serum. Ceftriaxone and cefoperazone have been shown to affect bilirubin-albumin binding. In this study, 13 additional cephalosporins were tested. Cefonicid, cefotetan, and cefmetazole competed with bilirubin for albumin binding and, at reported mean peak serum levels, decreased the reserve albumin concentration by 75%, 56%, and 40%, respectively. We suggest that these five cephalosporins may increase the risk of bilirubin encephalopathy in jaundiced neonates.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1988

Noninvasive measurement of tissue carbon dioxide tension using a fiberoptic conjunctival sensor: effects of respiratory and metabolic alkalosis and acidosis.

To evaluate potential clinical applications of a newly developed, noninvasive fiberoptic conjunctival carbon dioxide (PcjCO2) sensor designed to measure continuously tissue PCO2 in a vascular bed supplied by the internal carotid artery, we studied the effects of graded respiratory and metabolic alkalosis and acidosis on PcjCO2 in a hemodynamically stable canine model. Respiratory changes were induced by varying the frequency of ventilation and metabolic changes were induced by incremental infusions of sodium bicarbonate and hydrochloric acid. Continuous measurement of end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (PETCO2) was also performed. During respiratory alkalosis and acidosis, PcjCO2 values correlated well with PaCO2 (r = 0.96, n = 106); linear regression analysis of PcjCO2 vs. PaCO2 produced a slope of 1.01 and a y-intercept of 3.94 over a PaCO2 range of 12 to 76 torr. The mean PcjCO2-PaCO2 gradient was 4 +/- 3 (SD) torr. PETCO2 values also correlated well with PaCO2 (r = 0.91), as well as with PcjCO2 values (r = 0.91). Both PcjCO2 and PETCO2 showed a much weaker correlation with PaCO2 during metabolic alkalosis and acidosis, partly because the variation in PaCO2 was less. Moreover, the PcjCO2-PaCO2 gradient increased during the metabolic portion of the study up to a mean of 10 +/- 8 (SD) torr during metabolic acidosis, implying a build-up and/or lack of washout of CO2 from the conjunctival tissues, despite the normal physiologic range of PaCO2 values. We conclude that in a hemodynamically stable canine model, PcjCO2 and PETCO2 values correlate well with PaCO2 during pure respiratory alkalosis and acidosis; the correlation weakens significantly, however, with metabolic alterations in tissue CO2 levels.

Acidosis, Respiratory↗