Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Eustace

Publications and source records attributed to S Eustace.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Neonatal transphyseal supracondylar fracture detected by ultrasound.

Fractures in young infants are often difficult to detect on plain radiographs when they involve the cartilaginous growth plate. We report a case of a neonatal transphyseal fracture which was detected by the use of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. With shortened postnatal hospitalization becoming increasingly common, these and other birth injuries are more likely to present for the first time in the emergency department. The authors recommend the use of ultrasound as the screening modality of choice in the emergency department.

Birth Injuries↗
PubMed1997

Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MR imaging: identification of protein concentration thresholds for CSF hyperintensity.

OBJECTIVE: Using human volunteers and phantoms emulating CSF, we analyzed the effects of varying protein concentration on the signal intensity of saline solution. Also, for different fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences, we compared protein concentration thresholds above which the signal from these solutions becomes hyperintense to that from brain parenchyma. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Nine albumin solutions of varying concentrations (3.9 mg/dl to 2500 mg/dl) were imaged using fast FLAIR MR sequences (TR, 6000 msec: inversion time, 1730 msec: echo train length, 20) at different effective TEs (110, 150, 200, and 250 signal-to-noise ratios from the different albumin solutions versus albumin concentration were generated and correlated with average signal-to-noise ratios from brain parenchyma and CSF. RESULTS: We saw a gradual increase in signal-to-noise ratios from the albumin solutions as a function of albumin concentration. As the effective TE increased, the point of intersection between the plots and the average signal-to-noise ratio from brain parenchyma occurred at lower albumin concentrations. CONCLUSION: FLAIR MR imaging is potentially useful to evaluate pathologic conditions that increase CSF protein concentration. Using phantoms and healthy volunteers, we defined a protein concentration threshold above which the signal from saline solutions becomes hyperintense to that from brain parenchyma. This threshold depends on the effective TE used in the FLAIR sequence and is 250 mg/dl for an effective TE of 110 msec, 125 mg/dl for 150 msec. 110 mg/dl for 200 msec, and 95 mg/dl for 250 msec.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

A comparison of whole-body turboSTIR MR imaging and planar 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate scintigraphy in the examination of patients with suspected skeletal metastases.

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to compare whole-body turbo short inversion time inversion recovery MR imaging and 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate planar scintigraphy in the examination of patients with suspected skeletal metastases. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients with known or suspected skeletal metastatic disease underwent both whole-body turbo short inversion time inversion recovery MR imaging and whole-body 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate scintigraphy. RESULTS: MR imaging revealed metastases at 57 of 175 possible sites (sensitivity, 96.5%, specificity, 100%; positive predictive value, 100%). Scintigraphy revealed metastases at 43 of 175 possible sites (sensitivity, 72%; specificity, 98%; positive predictive value, 95%) (McNemar test, 0.01; p = .016). Discrepancies in skeletal evaluation by whole-body MR imaging and scintigraphy were observed in six (24%) of 25 patients. Soft-tissue abnormalities were identified in 13 (52%) of 25 patients with MR imaging alone. CONCLUSION: Preliminary results suggest that whole-body MR imaging is an effective method of examining patients with suspected skeletal metastases, with better sensitivity than conventional planar 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate scintigraphy.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

MR of the spine with a fast T1-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence.

PURPOSE: To optimize a T1-weighted fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence using computer-simulated data and to study its clinical utility for imaging the spine. METHODS: Relative signal intensities and contrast of relevant normal and pathologic tissues in the spine were computed using an inversion recovery equation modified to account for a hybrid RARE (rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement) readout. A range of inversion time (TI) and repetition time (TR) pairs that null the signal from CSF was generated. A contrast-optimized heavily T1-weighted fast FLAIR sequence, based on the generated data, was qualitatively compared with conventional T1-weighted spin-echo sequences for imaging various spinal abnormalities. RESULTS: A T1/TR pair of approximately 862/2000 was extracted from the computer-generated data to produce effective nulling of CSF signal, to achieve heavy T1 weighting, and to optimize contrast between abnormal tissues and cord/bone marrow. Clinical implementation of the optimized T1-weighted fast FLAIR sequence revealed superior contrast at the CSF-cord interface, better conspicuity of lesions of the spinal cord and bone marrow, and reduced hardware-related artifacts as compared with conventional T1-weighted spin-echo sequences. CONCLUSION: The optimized T1-weighted fast FLAIR technique has definite advantages over spin-echo sequences for imaging the spine. Comparable acquisition times render the FLAIR sequence the method of choice for T1-weighted imaging of the spine.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

MR imaging of acute orthopedic trauma to the extremities.

This article outlines the imaging role of MR imaging in evaluating acute orthopedic trauma to the extremities. MR imaging is compared, where possible, with CT scan, scintigraphy, and ultrasound. The article specifically explores the role of MR imaging in evaluating soft tissue injury accompanying fracture, emphasizes an established role in occult fracture detection, reviews the role of MR imaging in evaluating neurovascular integrity following fracture, and underscores the utility of MR imaging in evaluating trauma to the growth plate.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

Skeletal muscle lymphoma: observations at MR imaging.

We present the MR appearances of three patients with biopsy-proven primary lymphoma of skeletal muscle. In each case lymphoma resulted in bulky expansion of the involved muscle, homogeneously isointense to skeletal muscle on T1-weighted images, homogeneously hyperintense to skeletal muscle on T2-weighted images and diffusely enhancing following intravenous administration of gadopentate dimeglumine.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Tendon shift in hallux valgus: observations at MR imaging.

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to demonstrate a shift in tendon alignment at the first metatarsophalangeal joint in patients with hallux valgus by means of magnetic resonance imaging. DESIGN: Ten normal feet and 20 feet with the hallux valgus deformity conforming to conventional clinical and radiographic criteria were prospectively studied using magnetic resonance imaging. Correlation was made between tendon position at the first metatarsophalangeal joint and the severity of the hallux valgus deformity. RESULTS: There is a significant shift in tendon position at the first metatarsophalangeal joint of patients with hallux valgus. The insertion of the abductor hallucis tendon is markedly plantarward and the flexor and extensor tendons bowstring at the first metatarsophalangeal joint compared with patients without the deformity. The severity of the tendon shift correlates with the hallux valgus angle and clinical severity of the hallux valgus deformity in each case. CONCLUSION: Patients with hallux valgus have a significant tendon shift at the first metatarsophalangeal joint which appears to contribute to development of the deformity.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1996

MR imaging of tibial plateau fractures.

Magnetic resonance (MR) images of five patients with acute tibial plateau fractures are presented and correlated with both clinical examination and findings at surgical intervention. The role of MR imaging in the evaluation of both osseous and soft tissue deformity in acute trauma, specifically in patients with tibial plateau fractures is discussed. The value of MR imaging as an alternative to computed tomography and arthroscopic evaluation of these patients is emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Osteosarcoma of the hard palate.

We present the appearances of a primary osteosarcoma of the maxilla in a 26-year-old man. The role of computed tomography--specifically, sagittal and 3-D reconstructions--and the differential diagnosis of bone lesions occurring at this site are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The prevalence and clinical significance of lymphadenopathy in primary biliary cirrhosis.

We present the results of a retrospective review of abdominal computed tomography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance examinations of 12 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis undertaken to determine the prevalence and clinical significance of previously reported coexistent intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy in patients with this disorder. Lymphadenopathy, in the form of bulky periportal and retroperitoneal nodes, was identified in a single patient secondary to an occult metastatic adenocarcinoma. We conclude that coexistent intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy occurring in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis is uncommon. Although it may represent a benign component of the primary disease, it may equally be due to unsuspected coexistent occult malignancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Pre-operative imaging of esthesioneuroblastoma.

The pre-operative images of three patients with biopsy proven esthesioneuroblastoma are presented. The role of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the pre-operative determination of tumour extent is discussed.

Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory↗
PubMed1995

Diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome: comparison between sonography and MR angiography.

PURPOSE: To compare findings with color Doppler sonography and magnetic resonance (MR) angiography in the diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Doppler sonographic scans and MR angiograms in 11 patients (five men and six women; age range, 30-63 years; mean age, 45 years) with proved Budd-Chiari syndrome were subjected to retrospective review. RESULTS: Occlusion of three hepatic veins was identified in each of two patients, of two hepatic veins in each of four patients, and of one hepatic vein in each of five patients at both Doppler sonography and MR angiography. Dominant intrahepatic venovenous collateral pathways were identified in eight of 11 patients and spider-web collaterals were identified in three of 11 patients at both sonography and MR angiography. CONCLUSION: Sonography enables noninvasive diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome. MR angiography affords similar diagnostic information and may be of value when the diagnosis is not clear after sonographic examination or when body habitus limits a complete sonographic examination.

Budd-Chiari Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

Hallux valgus, first metatarsal pronation and collapse of the medial longitudinal arch--a radiological correlation.

In a previous study we developed a model to assess first metatarsal pronation based on the position of the inferior tuberosity of its base and showed a significant relationship between first metatarsal pronation and the intermetatarsal angle (r = 0.69, p < 0.001). The present study was undertaken to correlate first metatarsal pronation with the height of the medial longitudinal arch in an attempt to define the clinical significance of this new finding. The weight-bearing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the feet of 50 patients (100 feet; 36 females patients of mean age 38 years, 14 males patients of mean age 40 years) were reviewed, and in each case, the patient's age, sex, intermetatarsal angle, amount of first metatarsal pronation and medial longitudinal arch angle were recorded by independent observers. A significant relationship was demonstrated between first metatarsal pronation and the height of the medial longitudinal arch (r = 0.93, p < 0.0001). Less marked association was observed between intermetatarsal angles and first metatarsal pronation (r = 0.71, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis of patient age, sex, intermetatarsal angle and medial longitudinal arch angle against metatarsal pronation showed that the single most dominant variable affecting metatarsal pronation was the height of the medial longitudinal arch.

Adult↗