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Biomedical subjects

S Eth

Publications and source records attributed to S Eth.

54 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Code blue--factitious cyanosis.

The authors report a case of factitious cyanosis in a psychiatric inpatient. To their knowledge, this is the first report of factitious cyanosis in the medical literature. They discuss the relationship of isolated factitious signs and symptoms to Munchausen syndrome and other psychiatric diagnoses. They explore the underlying dynamic of displaced anger in this patient. They suggest that avoiding confrontation with these patients may lead to a better therapeutic outcome and caution physicians to be alert to the possibility of factitious etiology when presented with confusing symptom clusters.

Cyanosis↗
PubMed1981

Pathological identification as a cause of suicide on an inpatient unit.

After the suicide of a patient, staff on an inpatient ward anxiously take increased suicide precautions, including special attention to patients known to be associated with the victim. However, in identifying other patients at risk, they may overlook those who have formed pathological identifications with the victim as the result of a history of similar past experience, especially that of a suicidal or abandoning parent, and of the often unrecognized intimacy that occurs between patients during a brief hospitalization. Pathological identifications involved in a suicide, a subsequent suicide attempt, and suicidal preoccupation are illustrated by the case histories of three patients treated on an inpatient ward at the same time.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pseudoadolescent Munchausen syndrome.

Munchausen syndrome has not been reported in adolescents. We report two cases in young adults who, because they feigned adolescence, were first seen by pediatricians and then treated on a locked adolescent psychiatric ward. Their presentations resembled Munchausen syndrome, but included prominent factitious psychological symptoms as well as factitious physical symptoms. These cases are discussed in relation to the syndrome's classification, natural history, and associated character pathology.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: a review.

This article analyzes the literature on the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It briefly exposes the theoretical basis for each treatment modality and extensively examines pharmacological, behavioral, cognitive, and psychodynamic therapies, as well as group and family therapies, hypnosis, inpatient treatment, and rehabilitation. Articles were identified by scanning Medline and PsychLit for all papers in English reporting treatment of PTSD. Anecdotal case reports were, then, excluded. Eighty one articles were identified and categorized as either biological or psychological, with the latter category further divided into behavioral, cognitive, psychodynamic, and other treatment modalities. Information regarding the type of trauma, the sample studied, the treatment method, and the results of the treatment has been extracted from each article and is presented briefly. A synthesis of findings in each area is provided. Most studies explored a single treatment modality (e.g., pharmacological, behavioral). The cumulated evidence from these studies suggests that several treatment protocols reduce PTSD symptoms and improve the patient's quality of life. The magnitude of the results, however, is often limited, and remission is rarely achieved. Given the shortcoming of unidimensional treatment of PTSD, it is suggested that combining biological, psychological, and psychosocial treatment may yield better results. It is further argued that rehabilitative goals should replace curative techniques in those patients with chronic PTSD. A framework for identifying targets for each treatment modality is presented.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dental management considerations in children who stutter.

Stuttering is one of the most common speech disorders of childhood. It is characterized by involuntary pauses, reiteration and prolongation of sounds and syllables. Oral motor incoordination may make provision of dental treatment arduous. Familiarity with the verbal and nonverbal manifestations of the disorder and with the possible adverse psychosocial implications prepares the dentist best to meet the needs of this unique group of children.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dental management considerations in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Children suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder frequently manifest bizarre behaviors that contribute to the development of oral pathology. The medications used in management of the disorder can cause profound xerostomia and compound the magnitude of oral disease. An understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of the disorder will better prepare the dentist to meet the needs of this unique group of patients.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dental management of the adolescent with panic disorder.

Panic disorder is a psychiatric disease without obvious cause. It is accompanied by signs of terror, such as chest pain, palpitation, and shortness of breath. One of every 75 Americans is afflicted. Onset occurs most commonly during adolescence. Some infants and children exhibit anxiety-like responses, such as retreat and avoidance, and behavioral restraint when faced with unfamiliar people, objects, and events. Panel disorder has a special relevance for dentistry, because it is frequently associated with mitral valve prolapse. Furthermore, medications used to treat the disorder are associated with detrimental changes in the oral cavity and adverse interactions with dental therapeutic agents. The authors discuss the podromal characteristics of children at risk for panic disorder and the characteristics of the malady recognized by the American Psychiatric Association. Associated medical problems are also presented and discussed. A survey of ninth graders found as many as 12 percent had spontaneous panic attacks. Approximately 20 percent of all adults with the disorder report its onset before age ten. Etiology, medical and dental management are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dental management of the child with developmental dyslexia.

Dyslexia, a biologically determined reading disorder effects an estimated 3 percent to 10 percent of school-age children in the United States. Standard pediatric dental protocols frequently have to be modified because many of these children concurrently suffer attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), asthma, thyroiditis and inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease). Youngsters suffering from dyslexia and ADHD should have their dental appointments scheduled in the morning when they are most attentive and best able to remain seated in the dental chair. An aspirating dental syringe must be used in order to avoid an intravascular injection and the possibility of an adverse interaction between the pressor agents used with local anesthesia and the medication used to treat ADHD. Aspirin, other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents (e.g., ibuprofen) and local anesthetic agents containing vasoconstrictor and preservative (antioxidants, i.e., sulfite) agents should be avoided in children with concurrent asthma because of their propensity to trigger an asthmatic attack. Children with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism should receive only emergency care and this care should be provided in a hospital. Children with hypothyroidism are hyperresponsive to even small dosages of analgesics and anesthetic agents; proper dosing and venue of dental procedures should be a joint decision between the child's dentist and pediatrician. Children with dyslexia and concurrent inflammatory bowel disease may require shorter appointments and nitrous oxide sedation to reduce stress. Those receiving corticosteroids or with a history of steroid therapy within the past year may need supplementation to avoid an adrenal crisis brought about by the stress of dental care.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dental management of child and adolescent patients with schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder in which thought disturbances and aberrant behavior lessen an individual's ability to care for him or herself and to effectively work and communicate with others. The disorder affects 1 percent of the United States population. Onset of the florid psychotic symptoms most commonly occurs during adolescence or young adulthood, but most of these youngsters exhibit unusual behavior and peculiar thinking during childhood. Medications used in managing the disorder have numerous systemic and orofacial adverse side effects that must be recognized by dentists. Dental treatment strategies for the identification and management of these side effects are described as is a method to improve compliance with oral hygiene techniques.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dental management of the child and adolescent with major depression.

Major depression is a psychiatric disorder in which mood, thought content, and behavioral patterns are impaired, often for an extended period of time. This condition appears to have an increasing prevalence among young children and adolescents. It may be associated with a disinterest in performing appropriate preventive oral hygiene techniques, a cariogenic diet, rampant dental decay, and advanced periodontal disease. Appropriate dental management necessitates a vigorous preventive dental education program and special precautions when administering local anesthetics and prescribing sedative and analgesic medications.

Adolescent↗