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Biomedical subjects

S Endo

Publications and source records attributed to S Endo.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Analysis of plasma and hematoma lipids related to choline glycerophospholipid in patients with chronic subdural hematoma.

The levels of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and lipid metabolites related to choline glycerophospholipid were measured in the plasma and hematoma samples obtained from patients with chronic subdural hematoma. The ratio of lyso-choline glycerophospholipids (lysoPC) to choline glycerophospholipids (PC) in hematoma correlated with the interval between the onset of symptoms and surgery. PC and lysoPC fatty acyl moieties in plasma and hematoma were essentially similar. These results suggest that the lysoPC to PC ratio in hematoma can determine the age of the chronic subdural hematoma, and that the origin of hematoma may be circulating blood. The levels of PAF in the plasma of chronic subdural hematoma patients were significantly greater than in healthy volunteers. PAF may be involved in the enlargement of chronic subdural hematoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Collateral lymphatic configuration of the internal jugular chain and jugulo-omohyoid nodes.

Minute dissection was performed bilaterally on 178 human adult cadavers (356 sides) in order to investigate the collateral lymphatic configurations of the internal jugular node chain. The superior and inferior collateral pathways identified based on the topographical anatomy of the large collecting vessels in the neck region. The superior collateral pathway (in 99 of 208 sides, 47.6%) consisted of a node chain, lying on the common carotid artery or along the medial edge of the internal jugular vein, connecting the submandibular lymphatics to the jugulo-omohyoid node (JO). In contrast, the inferior collateral pathway (in 63 of 356 sides, 17.7%) consisted of a single large collecting vessel, lying immediately superficial to the inferior deep cervical nodes, and which directly connected the JO to the venous angle region. A short cervical lymphatic trunk arising from the inferior deep cervical nodes, was also observed in the inferior collateral pathway. The JO seemed to be located at a critical position, where it connected the two collateral pathways. These results are discussed in relation to the fascial arrangement and development of the lymphatics in the cervical region.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) concentration and PAF acetylhydrolase activity in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

The authors studied the sequential changes in platelet-activating factor (PAF) and PAF acetylhydrolase in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Levels of PAF in CSF showed a gradual increase after the onset of SAH, with a subsequent decrease. The PAF concentration between 5 and 9 days after SAH was greater in patients with cerebral infarction due to vasospasm than in patients without infarction. Conversely, PAF acetylhydrolase activity decreased gradually after SAH, then increased. The enzyme activity for the same period was smaller in patients with cerebral infarction than in patients without infarction. The distribution of the days of maximum PAF concentration and minimum PAF acetylhydrolase activity did not differ significantly between the two groups. The CSF as a source of PAF acetylhydrolase activity gave an apparent Michaelis constant value of 90.8 microM and a maximum velocity of 0.2 nmol/min/mg. The optimum pH level for the PAF acetylhydrolase activity obtained from CSF was 6.5. The enzyme activity of CSF increased, depending on the incubation temperature, ranging from 25 degrees to 45 degrees C. Ethylene-glycol tetra-acetic acid (1 mM) was found to inhibit PAF acetylhydrolase activity in CSF obtained from patients with SAH. Unaltered PAF acetylhydrolase activity was inhibited by adding an aliquot of CSF and minimum PAF acetylhydrolase activity decreased following SAH. Two peaks of inhibitory activity were detected on Sephacryl S-200 HR gel filtration: one was eluted in void volume and the other with an apparent molecular mass of 13 kD. The inhibitory activity was very labile and was lost completely within 3 days of incubation at 4 degrees C. The regulation of the PAF concentration in the CSF of SAH patients is discussed.

1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase↗
PubMed1994

Soluble CD14 (sCD14) levels in patients with multiple organ failure (MOF).

We measured soluble CD14 (sCD14), plasma endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-6, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in patients with multiple organ failure (MOF). The sCD14 level was significantly higher in septic patients with MOF than that in those without MOF and also higher in non-septic trauma patients with MOF than that in those without MOF. In the septic group with MOF, the sCD14 level correlated significantly with the TNF-alpha level but not the plasma endotoxin, IL-1 beta, IL-6, or IFN-gamma level. These results suggest that the sCD14 level reflects the degree of pathophysiology and that TNF-alpha is involved in stimulating sCD14 production.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Relationship between plasma levels of type II phospholipase A2, PAF acetylhydrolase, endothelin-1, and thrombomodulin in patients with infected burns.

The relations between type II phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and PAF acetylhydrolase (PAFAH) levels and those of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and thrombomodulin (TM) were examined in samples containing the maximum amount of TNF-alpha detected over the clinical course for each patient with burn wound infection. The study included 23 patients with a total burn surface area of > 20%. Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), type II PLA2, PAFAH, TM, and ET-1 were 174.1 +/- 239.5 pg/ml, 229.5 +/- 190.8 ng/ml, 22.68 +/- 7.07 nmol/min per ml, 6.62 +/- 2.78 ng/ml, and 7.45 +/- 2.99 pg/ml, respectively. There were significant correlations between plasma levels of type II PLA2 and TM (r = 0.767, p < 0.0001), between PAFAH and TM (r = 0.542, p = 0.0076), between type II PLA2 and ET-1 (r = 0.688, p = 0.0003), and between PAFAH and ET-1 (r = 0.516, p = 0.0117). These results suggest that the increases in plasma type II PLA2 and PAFAH are related to vascular endothelial disorders in patients with infected burns.

1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase↗
PubMed1994

Relationship between leukotriene B4 and prostaglandin I2 in patients with sepsis.

To examine the roles of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and prostaglandin I2 (PGI2), the metabolites of arachidonic acid found in patients with sepsis, we measured the serum levels of LTB4 and a stable metabolite of PGI2, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha), in 22 patients with sepsis. Results were analyzed in relation to patients' survival. The serum levels of both LTB4 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were significantly higher in patients who died than in those who survived, thus serving as indicators of illness severity. There was a significant correlation between LTB4 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels. The present study suggests that LTB4, a potent leukocyte activator, induces damage to vascular endothelial cells in patients with sepsis, resulting in the excessive production of PGI2 and, consequently, serious illness.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1994

Radiation exposure in endovascular surgery of the head and neck.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the radiation risk to the operator and the patient during endovascular surgery of the head and neck. METHODS: The dose was measured using thermoluminescence dosimeters attached at the body surface of the operator and the patient during 15 endovascular surgeries (3 for arteriovenous malformation, 8 for dural arteriovenous fistulas, and 4 for other disorders of the head and neck). The dose was measured at seven sites on the operator and at five sites on the patient. RESULTS: The mean number of digital subtraction angiography studies and fluoroscopy time were 21 +/- 10 and 73 +/- 24 minutes, respectively. The equivalent dose range at each site in the operator was 0.12 to 0.88 mSv (glabella), 0.06 to 1.1 and 0 to 0.09 mSv (neck, outside and inside the protector, respectively), 0 to 0.20 mSv (left should, inside the protector), 0.09 to 1.99 mSv (left arm), 0.05 to 3.55 mSv (left hand), and 0 to 0.49 mSv (pubis, inside the protector). Those in the patients were 3.1 to 136 mSv (glabella), 13 to 5441 mSv (right temporal area), 4 to 186 mSv (left temporal area), 0.1 to 51 mSv (neck), and 0 to 0.62 mSv (pubis). CONCLUSIONS: The total doses at the operator's eyes and left hand during the course of a year may exceed the dose limits recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Operators should wear not only body protectors, but also thyroid protectors and lead glass spectacles. The equivalent dose at the right temporal area of the patient may exceed the deterministic dose for transient erythema or alopecia of the skin even in one endovascular procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Left heart bypass with the bio-medicus centrifugal pump by the use of an antithrombin agent, argatroban].

Seventeen adult patients who underwent surgery for the thoracic or thoracoabdominal aortic disease by the use of left heart bypass with the Bio-Pump were divided into untreated, low-dose heparin treated and argatroban treated groups so as to evaluate the effects of systemic infusion of a newly synthesized antithrombin agent, argatroban, for the prevention of platelet loss and consumption coagulopathy. ACT reached 150 to 250 seconds at doses 0.5-7.5 micrograms/kg/min of argatroban and maximum ACT prolongation was limited to around 250 seconds. ACT spontaneously recovered below 150 seconds within 60 minutes following the end of bypass during which no excessive blood loss developed. In argartoban group, platelet loss during and immediately after surgery was effectively prevented as compared to other groups with significance. Fibrinogen was also preserved to some extent by argatroban treatment without evidence of systemic embolization. Argatroban, as an antithrombotic agent, is worthy of further trial of clinical use in bypass with a centrifugal pump.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Plasma levels of TNF-alpha, endothelin-1 and thrombomodulin in patients with sepsis.

To investigate the roles of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and thrombomodulin (TM) in the plasma of patients with sepsis, plasma levels of endotoxin (Et), TNF-alpha, ET-1 and TM were determined in 30 such patients. Plasma levels of Et, TNF-alpha, ET-1 and TM at the time sepsis was diagnosed were 4.0 +/- 6.7 pg/ml, 98.5 +/- 92.1 pg/ml, 7.0 +/- 4.1 pg/ml and 7.8 +/- 3.3 ng/ml, respectively. There was no significant difference in the plasma Et level between the group of patients that survived (n = 13) or died (n = 17). Plasma levels of TNF-alpha, Et-1 and TM were significantly higher in the group that died than in the surviving group (TNF-alpha, p < 0.0001; ET-1, p = 0.028; TM, p = 0.0004). There were significant correlations between the plasma levels of TNF-alpha and ET-1, of TNF-alpha and TM, and of ET-1 and TM (r = 0.37, p < 0.046; r = 0.61, p = 0.0008; r = 0.63, p = 0.004), respectively. Results suggest that TNF-alpha is involved in the production of ET-1 and TM. Both of those substances appear to be involved in the morbidity of sepsis, and their plasma levels reflect its severity.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Relationships between plasma levels of type-II phospholipase A2, PAF-acetylhydrolase, leukotriene B4, complements, endothelin-1, and thrombomodulin in patients with sepsis.

We determined the plasma levels of type-II phospholipase A2 (type II PLA2), platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAFAH) leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and of several complements (C3a, C4a, and C5a), which are considered to be among the cytokines and eicosanoids involved in vascular endothelial disorders and that vary in concentration during sepsis. We investigated the relationship between those levels and those of ET-1 and TM levels in plasma. Plasma levels of type II PLA2, PAFAH, LTB4, C3a, C4a, ET-1, and TM at the time that sepsis was diagnosed in 30 patients were 218.3 +/- 179.9 ng/ml, 23.92 +/- 9.66 nmol/min/ml, 90.35 +/- 31.49 pg/ml, 838.73 +/- 2.30 pg/ml, 1951.46 +/- 1697.78 pg/ml, 6.98 +/- 4.08 pg/ml and 7.80 +/- 3.34 ng/ml, respectively. The C5a plasma level was below the limit of detection in all cases. There were significant correlations between type II PLA2 and ET-1 plasma levels (r = 0.39, p = 0.032) and C3a and ET-1 plasma levels (r = 0.60, p = 0.03). There were also significant correlations between type II PLA2 and TM levels in plasma (r = 0.76, p = 0.0017), PAFAH and TM plasma levels (r = 0.53, p = 0.037), LTB4 and TM plasma levels (r = 0.46, p = 0.016) and C4a and TM plasma levels (r = 0.58, p = 0.037). Results suggest that the elevation of type II PLA2, PAFAH, LTB4 and complement in plasma is involved in vascular endothelial disorders in patients with sepsis.

1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase↗
PubMed1994

PAF acetylhydrolase and arachidonic acid metabolite levels in patients with sepsis.

To examine the relationship between arachidonic acid metabolism and sepsis, we determined the blood concentration of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAFAH) and of arachidonic acid cascade substances, leukotriene B4 (LTB4), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), and 6-keto-prostaglandin Fla (PGF1a), in patients with clinical sepsis. Blood concentrations of PAFAH, LTB4, TXB2 and PGF1a at the time of the initial diagnosis of sepsis were 23.9 +/- 9.7 nmol/min/mL, 90.4 +/- 31.5 pg/mL, 55.3 +/- 44.1 pg/mL and 22.3 +/- 11.9 pg/mL, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the blood PAFAH and LTB4 concentration (r = 0.520, p = 0.0033) and the diagnosis of sepsis. There also was a significant correlation between the blood PAFAH and TXB2 concentration (r = 0.460, p = 0.0311). There was no correlation between the blood PAFAH and PGF1a concentrations. Elevated LTB4 and TXB2 concentrations showed a significant correlation with the PAFAH concentration in patients with sepsis, suggesting a direct relationship between these substances.

1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase↗
PubMed1994

Blood cytokine and complement levels in patients with sepsis.

We measured serum levels of endotoxin, cytokines, and eicosanoids and investigated their relationship to serum complement levels in patients with sepsis. Serum endotoxin (Et) levels (5.3 +/- 2.4 pg/ml) were within the normal range, but levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha, 114 +/- 104.94 pg/ml), interleukin 6 (IL-6, 86.7 +/- 50.9 pg/ml), interleukin 8 (IL-8, 86.8 +/- 49.7 pg/ml), type-II phospholipase A2 (type II PLA2, 211.3 +/- 193.9 ng/ml), leukotriene B4 (LTB4, 88.7 +/- 27.2 pg/ml), thromboxane B2 (TXB2, 58.7 +/- 50.9 pg/ml) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (PGF1 alpha, 21.0 +/- 11.0 pg/ml) levels were above normal. Levels of C3a (1088.4 +/- 83.8.7 ng/ml) and C4a (1951.5 +/- 1697.8 ng/ml) were also above normal; C3 (66.0 +/- 25.6 mg/dl) and C4 (23.6 +/- 5.3 mg/dl) were within the normal range, and C5a was lower than the detectable limit in all but one of the subjects. Serum TNF-alpha was significantly correlated with C3a (p < 0.001). Serum IL-6 had a significant negative correlation with C3 (p = 0.002) and C4 (p = 0.010). Type II PLA2 was significantly correlated with C3a (p < 0.001). There were no significant correlations between serum Et or IL-8 and serum C3, C4, C3a or C4a. Our findings suggest that increased levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and Type II PLA/ in patients with sepsis contribute to activation of the complement system.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[The usefulness of combined measurements of transcranial Doppler sonogram and somatosensory evoked potentials during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass].

Serial and simultaneous measurements of the blood flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery (MCA-V) by transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) were performed in 7 adult patients during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). CPB was instituted by alpha-stat blood gas management until the rectal temperature stabilized at 24 to 28 degrees C and gas management was converted from alpha to pH-stat by adding 4-7% of CO2 gas into the oxygenator for 10 minutes. MCA-V during hypothermic CPB by alpha-stat management was identical with normothermic prebypass MCA-V. However it significantly increased after pH-stat conversion, suggesting that CO2 reactivity was preserved even in the hypothermic situation above 24 degrees C of body temperature. Latency of all wave components of SEP and central conduction time (CCT) prolonged and wave voltages decreased as the body temperature dropped and SEP waves almost completely recovered following the temperature resumed to the prebypass temperature. There were no significant changes developed in latency and wave forms of SEP by conversion of the blood gas management from alpha-stat to pH-stat. The combined technique of TCD and SEP for detecting the real time changes of cerebral blood flow and brain function is considered to be useful to minimize the brain damage during open heart surgery.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1994

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) acetylhydrolase activity, type II phospholipase A2, and cytokine levels in patients with sepsis.

Platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) activity was measured in patients with sepsis, and its relationships with various cytokines and endotoxin were evaluated. PAF-AH activity was significantly higher (p = 0.0136) in 17 patients who died than 13 patients who survived. PAF-AH activity showed significant correlations with the plasma endotoxin, TNF-alpha, and IL-8 levels. These findings suggest that PAF-AH activity reflects the severity of the pathological condition.

1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase↗
PubMed1994

Relationship between thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha in sepsis.

To examine the roles of thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin I2, which are arachidonic acid metabolites found in patients with sepsis, we measured the serum levels of their respective stable metabolites, thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) in 22 patients with sepsis. Results were analyzed in relation to patients' survival. The levels of both TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were significantly higher in patients who died than in those who survived, thus reflecting the severity of the patients' illness. There was a significant correlation between the levels of TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. These findings suggest that TXA2 and PGI2 are chemical mediators involved in the severity of clinical sepsis.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1994

Serum complement levels and severity of sepsis.

The activities (C3a, C4a, C5a) and concentrations (CH50, C3, C4, C5) of serum complement were measured to evaluate the involvement of complement in sepsis. We studied 27 patients with sepsis who were divided into the survivors (Group 1) and the nonsurvivors (Group 2). The levels of C3a, C4a, and C5a were all significantly higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 and closely reflected the severity of sepsis. Levels of C3 and C4 were significantly lower in Group 2 than in Group 1, presumably because these components were consumed as a result of activation of both the alternative and classical pathways. The levels of CH50 and C5 did not differ significantly between the two groups. These findings suggest that complement is closely involved in the exacerbation of the condition of septic patients, and that the measurement of complement activity is useful for evaluating the severity of sepsis.

Adult↗