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Biomedical subjects

S Endo

Publications and source records attributed to S Endo.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

The effectiveness of transesophageal ultrasonography in preoperatively diagnosing an esophageal cyst in a 75-year-old woman: report of a case.

We present herein the unusual case of a 75-year-old woman in whom an esophageal cyst was preoperatively identified with the aid of transesophageal ultrasonography. She underwent successful extirpation and has remained well since her discharge from hospital. The transesophageal ultrasonogram was shown to be a powerful diagnostic tool for the identification of a mediastinal mass located adjacent to the esophagus.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Dural arteriovenous fistulae involving the transverse-sigmoid sinus and foramen magnum.

The authors present a rare case of dural arteriovenous fistulae (AVFs) involving both the transverse-sigmoid sinus and the foramen magnum, which was treated successfully with multi-staged endovascular procedures. The transverse-sigmoid sinus, which was thrombosed proximally and distally, was occluded by transarterial embolization followed by intraoperative embolization of the sinus using platinum coils. The dural AVF involving the foramen magnum was occluded via a transvenous approach.

Arteriovenous Fistula↗
PubMed1994

Cytogenetic analysis of murine cell lines from diethylstilbestrol-induced uterine endometrial adenocarcinomas.

Treatment of female CD-1 mice with the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) on days 1 through 5 after birth results in a 90% incidence of endometrial adenocarcinomas by 18 months of age Three cell lines were established from DES-induced uterine carcinomas and studied for specific chromosomal changes. Each cell line exhibited numerical decreases in chromosomes 9, 11, 13, and X as common abnormalities. Structural alterations involving chromosomes 3, 6, 11, and 19 occurred nonrandomly among the three cell lines. Every cell line showed a rearrangement in the long arm of chromosome 3 (3q+), a translocation between chromosomes 3 and 19 [t(3;19)], isochromosome of chromosome 11 [i(11)], and a marker chromosome (M2) either as common abnormalities or recurrent abnormalities. t(3;19), i(11), and M2 were observed also in the primary colonies from which the cell lines arose. The changes were not observed in a cell line derived from the uterus of one untreated control mouse, suggesting that these chromosomal alterations may have occurred during DES-induced neoplastic transformation. The chromosomal alterations found in the present study may prove useful in investigating the genetic changes involved in DES carcinogenesis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Localization of dipole by boundary element method in three dimensional reconstructed monkey brain.

The boundary element method was applied to 3-dimensionally reconstructed monkey brain to localize a current source generator (dipole) of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) recorded from epidural electrodes under assumption that a brain is electrically homogeneous and is bounded by a high resistant substance (skull). Absolute mean deviation of estimated dipoles from actual dipoles artificially generated by electrical stimulation at known coordinates in the brain were within 1-3 mm. The estimated dipole computed from SEPs by right median nerve stimulation at latency of P10-N10 waves was located in area 3b of the somatosensory hand area in monkey. Our data suggest that this technique of locating dipoles by the boundary element method applied to a reconstructed brain allows accurate determination of the 3-dimensional coordinates of a dipole.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1994

Dipole tracing of monkey somatosensory evoked potentials.

Current source generators (dipoles) of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in response to electrical stimulation of the median nerve in anesthetized monkeys were localized by the dipole tracing method (DT) which can approximate surface potential distributions to an equivalent dipole. The locations and latencies of dipoles estimated by DT were confirmed by recording multiple unit activities from the parietal cortices of the same monkeys investigated by DT. Loci of generators for each SEP component were: P10 and N10, area 3b; P12, areas 1 and 2; P18, area 5. The results indicate that DT could trace the successive movement of generators of SEPs from the primary somatosensory area to area 5, which has been suggested in neuroanatomical studies to be part of the hierarchical sequence of somatosensory processes.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Treatment of traumatic facial arteriovenous fistula with embolization and surgical excision--a case report.

A 57-year-old male presented with a traumatic arteriovenous fistula on his face. The fistula was first treated with transarterial embolization and subsequently resection. His course was complicated by several recurrences of his fistula prior to definitive surgical treatment. The treatment of facial arteriovenous fistula and its complications are discussed in this article.

Arteries↗
PubMed1994

Nonrandom karyotypic changes in a spontaneously immortalized and tumourigenic Syrian hamster embryo cell line.

Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells were used as a model system to study genetic changes during the rare spontaneous progression from normal to immortalized and then to neoplastically transformed cells. Cultures were established for immortalized and/or neoplastically transformed cells by inoculating 2-5 x 10(5) primary cells into 75 cm2 culture flasks and subsequent subculture at subconfluence. We examined the karyotypic changes in the spontaneously transformed and tumourigenic SHE cells. Chromosome analyses were performed on mitotic cells with the quinacrine banding technique. The primary SHE cell stock (82-6) was karyotypically normal, but cells that had overcome senescence exhibited chromosome abnormalities. More than 90% of cells from passages 18-85 carried the same deletion in the short arm of chromosome 2 (2p-). This deletion was also found in about 70% of cells analysed at passage 15. 2p- was never found in cells at passage 4. We further observed a variety of numeric and structural chromosome changes in addition to 2p-, but these were seen only in transformed cells at high passage numbers and in cell lines derived from nude mice tumours. Our findings suggest that 2p- predisposed SHE cells either to immortalization and/or to progression to tumourigenicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Changes of QRS axis in transient myocardial ischaemia induced by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.

The QRS axis of 130 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) were measured before balloon inflation and just before balloon deflation. Patients were divided into two groups. Group A (103) had angina pectoris and/or non-transmural old myocardial infarction with no abnormal Q waves; group B (27) had an old transmural myocardial infarction with abnormal Q waves. In group A, the QRS axis had significantly shifted to the left in patients with left anterior descending artery (LAD) occlusion (from 68.0 +/- 42.7 degrees to 40.2 +/- 44.6 degrees, P < 0.001); however in those patients without involvement of the major septal branch, significant axis changes were not observed (from 53.6 +/- 34.1 degrees to 49.8 +/- 33.1 degrees). When the right coronary artery (RCA) was occluded in group A, the QRS axis shifted to the right significantly (from 63.2 +/- 40.0 degrees to 89.8 +/- 30.1 degrees. P < 0.01); during left circumflex artery (LCX) occlusion, no significant axis shift was observed. In group B, no significant axis shift was observed either in patients with occlusion of the LAD or the RCA. It is concluded that transient left axis deviation reflects an obstructive lesion of the proximal portion of the LAD with involvement of the major septal branch, and transient right axis deviation reflects an obstructive lesion of the RCA.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed1994

Plasma endotoxin and cytokine concentrations in patients with hemorrhagic shock.

OBJECTIVES: The roles of cytokines and endotoxin in hemorrhagic shock, particularly the translocation of endotoxin and bacteria during hemorrhagic shock, were investigated. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Critical care and emergency center of a university hospital. PATIENTS: Twenty-nine patients with hemorrhagic shock and 20 healthy controls. INTERVENTIONS: Serial blood samples were collected from both study and control patients. Standard resuscitation techniques were used. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Plasma levels of endotoxin and various cytokines were determined repeatedly during hemorrhagic shock. Endotoxin was measured using an endotoxin-specific assay in addition to a new perchloric acid method for pretreatment of plasma. Cytokines were measured by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Plasma endotoxin concentrations remained within the normal range for 7 days after admission. Although levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and several interleukins increased slightly in some patients, these cytokines did not reach the levels seen in septic shock. CONCLUSIONS: Translocation of bacteria or endotoxin from the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream has been noted in animal experiments; however, translocation was not detected in our patients with hemorrhagic shock.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Phase I study of edobacomab (E5) in patients with gram-negative sepsis].

A clinical Phase I study of E5, edobacomab, an anti-endotoxin monoclonal IgM antibody was carried out to evaluate its efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics and in parallel, explore an optimum dosage in the treatment of patients with gram-negative sepsis (incl. those suspected). A total of 10 patients were administered a dose of 1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg of E5 by infusion over one hour. 1. Peak blood levels after an intravenous dose of 1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg of E5 were 9.9, 11.5 and 35.6 micrograms/ml, respectively and the half-lives of elimination were 8.7, 11.7 and 10.8 hours, respectively, about the same at all dose levels. The area under the blood concentration-time curve (AUC) were 129.8, 200.8 and 574.4 micrograms.hr/ml, respectively, showing an increase in proportion with the dosage. 2. Urinary E5 concentration was not detectable in all the patients and renal excretion of unchanged E5 was not observed. 3. Out of the 8 patients with a positive pre-treatment endotoxin level with a value of above 9.8 pg/ml, those who showed its reduction to a level of below 9.8 pg/ml within one hour after dosing of E5 were 0 of 2 patients (0%) at a dose of 1 mg/kg, 3 of 3 (100%) at a dose of 2 mg/kg and 1 of 3 (33.3%) at a dose of 4 mg/kg. 4. The clinical efficacy following a single intravenous dose of E5 was rated as being "good" or "excellent" for 3 of 3 patients (100%) at a dose of 1 mg/kg, 4 of 4 (100%) at a dose of 2 mg/kg and 2 of 3 (66.7%) at a dose of 4 mg/kg. 5. As for antipyretic effect as assessed by the mean value of temperature, a fall in fever to the level of 36 degrees C was noted from 12 hours after administration of E5 in the patients treated with 2 mg/kg. The degree of improvement in WBC, platelet count and CRP was also more evident in this 2 mg/kg group. 6. The safety was rated as "no problem in safety" for all 10 patients. No adverse reaction and clinical laboratory abnormalities suspected of their relation to E5 was observed. 7. Positive antibody (HAMA) response to E5 was observed in 2 of the 10 patients. In one patient (4 mg/kg) of them, response because negative 9 weeks later and in the other patient (1 mg/kg) it tended to decrease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Phase II study of edobacomab (E5) in the treatment of gram-negative sepsis].

The efficacy, safety and usefulness of murine anti-endotoxin monoclonal IgM antibody "E5, an intravenous dose of 2 mg/kg" were evaluated in 88 patients with suspected Gram-negative sepsis from 37 institutes in Japan. Out of these, 74 patients were evaluable for the efficacy, 85 for safety and 75 for clinical usefulness. In assessing the efficacy, the patients were divided into 3 groups based on the plasma endotoxin levels (Endospecy with new PCA treatment of plasma): H group with a level of above 9.8 pg/ml and M group with a level of 3.0-9.8 pg/ml and L group with a level of below 3.0 pg/ml. 1. The efficacy rates as assessed following administration of E5 were 73.1% in the H group, 70.4% in the M group and 38.1% in the L group being higher in the groups with significantly high plasma endotoxin levels. 2. In both the H and M groups in whom plasma endotoxin levels were significantly high, the majority of the patients showed rapid reduction of the levels after administration of E5. 3. In all groups, improvement in body temperature, pulse rate, blood TNF-alpha and blood IL-6 was observed after treatment with E5. In the H and M groups with an endotoxin level of > or = 3.0 pg/ml, improvement in platelet count as well as in CRP was noted. The H group showed also improvement in WBC. 4. Improvement in the shock score was noted in all the groups but was more outstanding in the H and M groups in the early stage of treatment. 5. Side effects were seen in 5 (5.9%) of 85 patients and all thought to be allergic in symptoms such as rash, itching, fever and flare. 6. The reaction to the prick test performed before administration of E5 was negative in all these 5 patients. For 3 of the 5 patients, anti-E5 IgE antibody was measured. In all of them, the IgE levels were higher than those of healthy controls. Also, in 47.6% of patients, an elevation of anti-E5 IgG antibody was noted two weeks after the administration. 7. Clinical laboratory abnormalities were observed in 3 (3.5%) of 85 patients. They were an elevation of S-GOT.S-GPT and lowering of BUN, increased Al-p and decreased CH50, increased neutrophilia (%) and were all slight in the degree of the changes. 8. The clinical usefulness of E5 was evaluated for 75 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

An experimental model of symptomatic vasospasm induced by oxyhemoglobin in rabbits.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There are many experimental models for studies of cerebral vasospasm. However, no ideal model has been established thus far to comparatively reproduce the ischemic state of the brain that may occur in patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage. METHODS: In the present study, we attempted to induce severe vasospasm in rabbits by using an oxyhemoglobin-rich blood product prepared from hemolyzed arterial blood and evaluate neurological symptoms, cerebral angiogram, cerebral blood flow, and histology. RESULTS: Clinically significant neurological symptoms were observed in about half of the rabbits. There was no significant correlation between angiographic results of the vasospastic state of the main artery and the severity of neurological symptoms observed. However, the cerebral blood flow was significantly lower than in the control group and significantly correlated with the severity of neurological symptoms. On histological examination, lesions were found in about half of the rabbits. Development of obvious infarction was found more frequently than in other reported models. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that this model is appropriate as an experimental model of vasospasm occurring after subarachnoid hemorrhage and is especially useful in that it induces vasospasm intense enough to cause obvious infarction.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) therapy in granulopoetic patients complicated with sepsis.

A study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of therapy with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) in 24 patients with granulocytopenia and sepsis who had failed to respond to antibiotics. The mean leukocyte count at the start of the study was 911 +/- 334/microliter. Patients were injected subcutaneously with 75 micrograms rhG-CSF once daily for a mean of 5.2 days. The plasma G-CSF concentration was measured by ELISA. The leukocyte count increased approximately 9-fold after 1 week in 19 patients and the percentage of granulocytes rose from 46.2% to 78.9%. These 19 patients survived, while the 5 patients with no leukocyte response to rhG-CSF died. High plasma G-CSF levels were found in patients with granulocytopenia. Plasma G-CSF levels decreased as levels of granulocyte increased in survivors. A high plasma G-CSF concentration persisted in the 5 non-responding patients resulting in a fatal outcome. This study suggests that rhG-CSF both increased the leukocyte count and was a useful therapeutic manoeuvre for sepsis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Xenotransplantation of canine tumors into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice.

Canine tumors resected at surgery or autopsy were subcutaneously xenotransplanted into SCID mice. Thirty of the seventy-three tumors (41.1%) grew primarily in SCID mice. The primary take rate of mammary tumors and skin and subcutaneous tumors was 55.9% (19/34) and 28.6% (8/28), respectively. One thyroid carcinoma, one oral leiomyosarcoma and one osteosarcoma also underwent successful primary growth. Thirteen of the forty-one benign tumors (31.7%) and 17 of the thirty-two malignant ones (53.1%) were successfully transplantable. The histological features of the primary xenografts and their original tumors were similar to each other in all the cases. Three xenografts of the four malignant tumors with metastasis in the canine patients were shown to grow also in SCID mice and two mammary tumor xenografts out of the three metastasized to the lungs of SCID mice as well. All the 30 primary tumor xenografts grown in the first recipient were successfully transplantable to the second generation of the SCID mice. Xenotransplantation using SCID mice appears to be a valuable tool for investigating the biological characteristics of canine neoplasmas.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Coronary artery ectasia with annuloaortic ectasia.

A 50-year-old Japanese woman with annuloaortic ectasia was found to have total coronary artery ectasia without evident atherosclerosis. The coronary ectasia may have been secondary to or of similar etiology to the annuloaortic ectasia. There was neither stigmata of Marfan's syndrome nor any sign of dissection of the ascending aorta or coronary arteries. Furthermore, the patient was not elderly, and had no hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, or history of smoking. There was a marked blood pressure difference between the arms, and linear calcification was present in the aortic wall. A stenotic lesion was present in the right mid-subclavian artery. Although it is impossible to rule out atherosclerosis as the etiology of these findings, the possibility that they may be a manifestation of Takayasu's arteritis is discussed.

Angiography↗
PubMed1994

Ischemic brain damage induced by repeated brief occlusions of bilateral common carotid artery in rats.

Two temporary occlusions of the bilateral common carotid artery for 15 min with an interval of 15 min induced severe brain tissue damage in normotensive Wistar rats. Although no lesions were seen after a single 15-min occlusion, severe ischemic lesions were found in 68% (49/72) of the rats injected to two consecutive occlusions for 15 min with an interval of 15 min, and the incidence was significantly higher than that in the rats subjected to a single 30-min occlusion (32%, 6/19) or two 15-min occlusions with an interval of 30 min (11%, 1/9). The local cerebral blood flow (lCBF) in the caudoputamen, however, was decreased by only 40-60% of pre-occlusion level during occlusions. These results suggest that intermittent incomplete disruption of CBF with short intervals could be more hazardous than a continuous interruption of the same duration.

Animals↗