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Biomedical subjects

S Eitner

Publications and source records attributed to S Eitner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Comparison between computer-aided testing and traditional multiple choice: an equivalence study.

AIMS: Computer-aided learning (CAL) is a viable alternative to traditional teaching methods. While CAL is used for teaching only, computer-aided testing (CAT) can be applied as a computer-based examination method. The aim of the present study was to compare the performance of undergraduate students in computer-interactive tests and traditional multiple choice tests and to evaluate the influence of question length and language skills on test results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-two native German-speaking students and five non-native speaking students were randomly assigned to two groups. They were required to answer 20 conventional multiple choice questions and 20 questions using the interactive MobiTed system. An analysis of variance and t-tests (alpha = 0.05) were used to compare scores. RESULTS: Non-native speakers scored significantly lower on the interactive test compared with the native speaking students (P = 0.048 for long questions and P = 0.003 for short questions). There were no significant group differences on the conventional multiple choice test (P = 0.052 for long questions and P = 0.089 for short questions). Based on the results of the native speaking students neither test method nor question length had an influence on overall performance. CONCLUSION: Interactive multiple choice tests may provide an alternative to written tests, especially when considering time expenditure. Language skills and question length should be taken into account when setting time limits for examination.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed2006

Changes in neurophysiologic parameters in a patient with dental anxiety by hypnosis during surgical treatment.

It was hypothesized that dental anxiety, which leads to neurophysiologic alterations in heart rate, respiratory rate and blood pressure prior, during and subsequent to dental treatment, can be influenced by medical hypnosis. We report the positive impact from non-invasive hypno-sedation during dental implant surgery on a 54-year-old female patient who experienced neurophysiologic reactions as a result of the psychosomatic process of dental anxiety (dental anxiety scale value = 13). The neurophysiologic changes during dental surgery performed with and without hypnosis were compared after the patient underwent the same surgical treatment protocol. This case report was part of a study designed to evaluate hypnosis as a non-invasive therapy for dental-anxious patients over six sessions using subjective experience and objective parameters, which included electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram, heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation of the blood, respiration rate, salivary cortisol concentration and body temperature.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed2006

Dental anxiety--an epidemiological study on its clinical correlation and effects on oral health.

Pronounced dental anxiety could lead to avoidance strategies to evade dental visits. The aim of the present epidemiological study was to investigate the prevalence and related oral disease patterns of dental anxiety in young adult male soldiers. Therefore, the intensity and frequency of dental anxiety are presented and the correlation with oral clinical findings are evaluated. Three hundred seventy-four soldiers who underwent a compulsory dental check-up were randomly assigned to this study. Psychological parameters were collected based on a protocol integrating the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) and the Gatchell Fear Scale (GaFS). Patient-based measures included D3,4MF-scores for dental status and the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Need (CPITN) for periodontal status. Thirty-two individuals (8.6%) showed DAS-scores of 13 or 14 (anxious), while 4.6% had a DAS-score > or = 15 (highly anxious/phobic). Highest DAS-values were measured among patients' aged 19-29 (n = 262). DMFS-values of anxious and less anxious patients showed only minor differences. However, anxious patients had significantly more carious lesions (P < 0.001). CPITN periodontal values showed no significant differences between both groups. 89.2% of less anxious individuals and 79.6% of anxious patients went for regular dental check-ups. Thus, every tenth patient was considered to have high dental anxiety. Anxiety results in avoidance behaviour, which can only be discovered upon compulsory examinations and which is associated with higher caries morbidity and need for oral rehabilitation. As anxiety has a direct influence on oral health, it should be detected and accounted for in a treatment concept integrating dental and cognitive-behavioural therapeutic approaches.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Questions of correlative relationships between age and roentgen findings].

Resulted from gerontological basic perception about nature and phenomenalism of aging, determining factors of health and illness in the old age will be pointed out. In this sight it might not be sufficient, declaring radiographic findings merely as "being in conformity with age". Rather we must calculate further dispositional and expositional parameters. Therefore it is our recommendation to give a differentiated interpretation of radiographic findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Geropsychologic tasks in inpatient care].

It is necessary to have regard to the individuality of the older people. Old age must not be identified with illness, debility, and loss of power of performance. We have to activate all capacities of rehabilitation and learning untiringly. Between generations, between old and young, to shape a harmonious relationship, is a further aim of geropsychohygiene.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

[Sociological aspects of preparations for retirement as well as the spare time behaviour of pensioners (author's transl)].

On the basis of common experiences in the research cooperation in the gero-hygienic and social-gerontological fields the authors depict the sociological aspects of preparing for retirement and the spare time behaviour of old-age pensioners. The short-term preparation for retirement in the pre-retirement age of pensioners should be dealt with preferably by industrial medicine. Preparatory steps on reaching the retirement age must pass over into the territorial level. The transition to retirement age and spare-time behaviour are creative social processes in sociological respect. The sociopolitical and health measures in the USSR and in the GDR take this knowledge fully into account.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

[A programme for preparing the working people to an active seniorship (author's transl)].

On the basis of the idea about the general necessity of being prepared to the seniorship, and the fundamental possibilities existing in the socialist society and considering the national and international experiences a programme for the preparation to an active seniorship has been developed. The programme has been tested for its efficiency in a rural, suburban and in a large-city industrial plants. The echo and the participation in preparation courses, the attitude and changes in attitude of the test persons asked towards a healthy life, getting older and seniorship, towards occupation during seniorship have been tested with help of mathematic-statistical methods before and after the programme. From these results conclusions have been drawn for internal and social practice for the preparation to an active seniorship.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

[30 years GDR--30 years of social policy for the benefit of aging and aged citizens].

The author gives a survey of current problems regarding the realisation of the socio-political programms in the GDR for the benefit of elderly persons. This requirement is reflected in decisions and regulations issued by central state authorities. Public organization also contribute to the development of health-promoting living conditions and patterns of behaviour.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

[Theoretical basis for preparation for an active old age (author's transl)].

To theoretically substantiate the preparation for an active old age, as regards gerontological hygiene and social gerontology, we can refer to the four crucial points of our research results. 1. The basic mechanisms of aging are biological-genetically controlled; speed, type and forms of manifestation, however, can be essentially influenced by the environment 2. Regarding the factors of influence we must differentiate between negative and positive features to ensure the desired course of the aging process in accordance with the basic needs by controlling and regulating it 3. For working women and men of pre-pensionable and pensionable age, from the present state of the motivation structure the complex of material and ideological contents of preparatory measures can be derived relating both to the transition to pensionable age and to organizing a creative and active old age 4. Geropsychohygiene and health education rank high in the structure of all-social health protection; for they are suited to improve health, capability, and joy of living, and to help prevent losses and decompositions in the psychophysical field.

Aged↗