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Biomedical subjects

S E Jones

Publications and source records attributed to S E Jones.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Dropping out of treatment for obesity.

This study compared the pre-treatment characteristics of participants in three weight reduction programmes who either completed treatment or dropped out. The three programmes each lasted for 16 weeks, selected subjects on the same criteria, and offered the same dietary advice. The first two programmes were run by the same psychologist in the same community setting. In each study a different set of characteristics significantly separated completers from dropouts, and discriminant function analysis assessed how well this separation was achieved. The discriminant function from the first study correctly identified 75% of the subjects on which it was based. When applied to the second study it correctly identified 64% of subjects, showing limited generalisability. There were also significant differences between early dropouts and late drop-outs, but the nature of these varied between studies. In discussing the implications of these results it was argued that further research might more fruitfully focus on psychological processes involved in drop-out rather than continue to search for correlates of drop-out.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Erythropoiesis in pregnancy.

The reticulocyte count, serum ferritin and serum erythropoietin concentrations were measured during the course of pregnancy in 41 women. A decrease in iron stores early in pregnancy was accompanied by a significant rise in the reticulocyte count until the 28th week. Erythropoietin levels did not rise significantly until the 28th week of pregnancy and had fallen to the post-natal level by 40 weeks. The results are consistent with an increase in erythropoietic activity early in pregnancy which did not appear to depend upon increased plasma erythropoietin levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effect of age on therapeutic outcome in advanced diffuse histiocytic lymphoma: the Southwest Oncology Group experience.

To study the influence of chronologic age on treatment outcome in patients with advanced, diffuse large-cell (histiocytic) lymphoma (DHL), we reviewed the results of two recent Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) clinical trials. From 1974 to 1982, members entered 307 eligible patients treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) with or without bleomycin, and CHOP with or without immunotherapy using BCG, levamisole, or both. Complete response (CR) rates declined progressively with advancing age: 65% in those under 40, 60% in the 40 to 54 age group, 55% in the 55 to 64 age group, and 37% in those 65 and older (P = .001). Likewise, survival decreased significantly in older patients: medians were 101 +, 52, 34, and 16 months, respectively (P less than .001). Treatment guidelines included an initial dose reduction of 50% for patients aged 65 or older and for younger patients with bone marrow compromise. Despite protocol specifications, 23 of 81 patients aged 65 or older received initial full-dose therapy. When these patients were compared with younger patients on whom full-dose chemotherapy was started, survival curves, but not CR rates, were still significantly different. There were no significant differences in duration of CR or frequency of treatment complications. These data suggest that older age is associated with a worse prognosis in advanced DHL. Moreover, the initial dose reduction for patients aged 65 or older may have contributed to their inferior outcomes.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Histocompatibility antigens in adult obliterative bronchiolitis with or without rheumatoid arthritis.

We compared HLA antigens in 28 patients with obliterative bronchiolitis (16 with rheumatoid arthritis) with those in 150 normal controls, to determine their relationship to drug toxicity and to the pathogenesis of obliterative bronchiolitis (OB). There was a significantly increased prevalence of HLA-B40 in the whole group and in patients with OB and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). There was increased frequency of HLA-A2 and A28 within the whole group and in those with OB alone. HLA-A3 and B5 were completely absent in our patients. Of those antigens most frequently associated with RA, DR4 was significantly more prevalent in patients with OB, with or without RA, but DR1 occurred more frequently only in those with RA-associated OB. Increased prevalence of DR4 may indicate an association between the pathogenesis of both OB and RA and the HLA-DR locus. Although D-penicillamine has been implicated in the pathogenesis of OB our patients did not show an increase in those antigens associated with other gold/penicillamine toxicity (i.e. DR2/3), suggesting that they may constitute a distinct group.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Adjuvant chemotherapy of axillary node-negative carcinoma of the breast using doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide.

One hundred fifty-six women with axillary node-negative breast cancer and primary tumors less than or equal to 5 cm in diameter (T1N0 or T2N0) were treated with a brief course of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. Treatment was well tolerated and toxicity was minimal. With a median follow-up time of 58 months, there has been 1 relapse among 58 patients with T1 primary lesions and 15 relapses among 98 patients with T2 primary tumors. When compared with a matched historical control group receiving surgery alone, significant improvement was apparent in disease-free survival among the patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy. Prospective controlled trials are needed if we are to confirm this favorable experience with adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of women with node-negative breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Salvage treatment of unfavorable non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with cisplatin, amsacrine, and mitoguazone: a Southwest Oncology Group Pilot Study.

We tested the combination of cisplatin, amsacrine, and mitoguazone as salvage treatment for patients with advanced unfavorable non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. An objective response rate of 43% was noted in 30 evaluable patients, but all responses were partial and the median duration of response was only 2 months. Toxicity included life-threatening and fatal leukopenia and severe gastrointestinal intolerance. We conclude that this combination chemotherapy regimen is not a valuable salvage treatment for patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Does behaviour therapy work for dietitians? An experimental evaluation of the effects of three procedures in a weight reduction clinic.

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of introducing three procedures, associated with behaviour therapy, into a conventional National Health Service dietetic weight reduction clinic, without any extra resources or staff training. One hundred and sixty obese women entered the study and were randomly allocated to one of the eight combinations of three treatments in a 2 X 2 X 2 factorial design. The three procedures were (a) keeping a diet diary (self-monitoring), (b) receiving leaflets describing and recommending cue avoidance and (c) being seen in a group. Sixty-nine women completed 16 weeks of treatment, and of these 58 were followed up 1 year later. The mean overall weight loss was 5.25 kg at the end of treatment and 3.98 kg at follow-up. Weight loss was found to be greater for those women treated in groups and the greatest losses were found in those who were seen in groups and also provided with leaflets. There was no significant effects of the experiment on either weight loss at follow-up or reported compliance with the dietary regime of the 26 subjects who returned completed diaries to the dietitian. Possible explanations of these results are discussed, together with their implications for service provision.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1985

Chemohormonal therapy for advanced breast cancer with tamoxifen, adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide (TAC).

Combined chemohormonal therapy is an attractive therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Stage IV breast cancer. Between 1977 and 1979, the authors evaluated a new chemohormonal therapy program in 63 evaluable women with advanced breast cancer who previously had not received cytotoxic chemotherapy or tamoxifen. The chemohormonal therapy consisted of 21- to 28-day cycles of tamoxifen (10 mg orally twice daily), Adriamycin (doxorubicin) (40 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1) and cyclophosphamide (200 mg/m2 orally on days 3-6) (TAC). Objective responses were observed in 82% of the patients (22% complete response, 60% partial response). With a median follow-up of 104 weeks (2 years), the median relapse-free survival for the 52 responding patients was 80 weeks. The median survival for the entire group of 63 patients was 118 weeks. Eleven pretreatment patient characteristics were evaluated via univariate and multivariate analysis to determine their effect on response and survival. Prognostic factors with a significant association with longer survivals were as follows: a lack of soft tissue involvement, a lack of pleural involvement, and a long disease-free interval (DFI). Estrogen receptor (ER)-unknown patients, being composed primarily of postmenopausal patients with a long DFI and single-organ involvement (primarily bone), comprised 62% of the patient population and achieved a survival similar to the smaller number of ER-positive patients and was superior to the survival of ER-negative patients. Toxicities were recorded on all patients and overall the treatment was well tolerated. Combined chemohormonal therapy with TAC resulted in a high objective response rate and a long median survival. This study would support additional trials of chemohormonal therapy in patients with ER-positive tumors or in those whose tumors are likely to be ER-positive (e.g., postmenopausal patients with long DFIs).

Aged↗
PubMed1985

An erythema infectiosum-like illness caused by human parvovirus infection.

In the spring of 1980, an epidemic of an illness that resembled erythema infectiosum occurred in Manitoba, Canada. We initiated prospective epidemiologic, clinical, and microbiologic studies of this illness among elementary-school children and their families. Initial microbiologic studies failed to identify the cause of the exanthem. After a similar illness associated with serologic evidence of human parvovirus infection occurred in London, stored specimens of 12 patients with exanthem were investigated for parvovirus infection. Eleven patients had parvovirus-specific IgM antibody, as did two family contacts and a teacher with nonexanthematous illnesses, and two asymptomatic family members. None of 28 children with measles or rubella had serologic evidence of recent parvovirus infection. Human parvovirus was detected by DNA hybridization and immune electron microscopy in the serum of one patient who later had a rash and in one unaffected family contact. Parvovirus DNA was also detected in the pharyngeal specimen of the teacher who was ill but did not have a rash. We conclude that human parvovirus infection can be asymptomatic or cause a variety of clinical manifestations, including nonexanthematous illness and an illness resembling erythema infectiosum.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Diagnosis of human parvovirus infection by dot-blot hybridization using cloned viral DNA.

The human parvovirus can be detected in serum by the immunological techniques of immune electron microscopy (IEM), counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE), and radioimmunoassay (RIA). A portion of the genome of this virus has been cloned in pAT153 and used as a 32P-labelled probe in dot-blot hybridization assays to detect parvovirus DNA in serum specimens. This test proved a highly sensitive means of detecting virus in microlitre volumes of serum, giving positive results for samples containing 0.5 pg viral DNA, equivalent to 10(4) virus particles. Unlike CIE and RIA the test is not affected by the presence of parvovirus-specific antibody in serum specimens, and has permitted virus to be detected in specimens obtained up to 11 days after the onset of clinical symptoms of aplastic crisis.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗
PubMed1985

Experimental parvoviral infection in humans.

Healthy adult volunteers were inoculated intranasally with human parvovirus obtained from an asymptomatic blood donor. One week after inoculation, intense viremia was observed in seronegative volunteers, accompanied by a mild illness with pyrexia, malaise, myalgia, itching, and excretion of virus from the respiratory tract. In the following week hematologic studies revealed reticulocytopenia with an associated slight drop in hemoglobin concentration, lymphopenia, neutropenia, and a drop in platelet counts. At 17-18 days after inoculation a second-phase illness with rash and arthralgia lasting three to four days occurred in three of four infected volunteers. This study confirms the etiologic role of human parvovirus in erythematous rash illness, with the second-phase illness being consistent with adult cases of erythema infectiosum. Moreover, the hematologic changes associated with infection support the hypothesis that the same virus is responsible for the temporary arrest of erythropoiesis that leads to aplastic crisis in persons with chronic hemolytic anemia.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗
PubMed1985

The human tumor clonogenic assay in human breast cancer.

The human tumor clonogenic assay (HTCA) was evaluated in 407 fresh samples of breast cancer from 288 patients. Seventy samples were inadequate for testing. Adequate in vitro growth for drug testing (greater than 30 colonies/plate) was obtained in 91 (27%) of the 337 viable samples, inadequate growth for drug evaluation (5 to 30 colonies/plate) in 17%, and no colony formation (less than 5 colonies/plate) in 56%. Operationally defining a greater than or equal to 50% inhibition of colony formation as in vitro drug sensitivity, the in vitro response rates to 12 anticancer drugs tested against ten to 36 different cancers (arranged in decreasing order according to the number of tests performed) were as follows: doxorubicin (14%), bisantrene (54%), vinblastine (33%), mitomycin (36%), interferon clone A (23%), 5-fluorouracil (20%), methotrexate (17%), leukocyte interferon (33%), mitoxantrone (42%), cyclophosphamide (25%), m-AMSA (16%), and melphalan (10%). Among 25 patients receiving single-agent therapy, there were ten (59%) of 17 with in vitro sensitivity who responded; resistance was correctly predicted in nine patients (100%), P = .01. Among 34 patients treated with combination chemotherapy, seven (50%) of 14 with in vitro sensitivity responded, and resistance was predicted in 13 (65%) of 20 patients. Difficulties in using the HTCA in breast cancer (including small specimen size, difficulties in disaggregation, and inadequacy of growth) will require additional research. Nonetheless, the assay appears to detect in vitro activity as well as resistance of a variety of anticancer agents and appears to predict clinical responsiveness to standard as well as some investigational single agents.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1985

Chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone alone or with levamisole or with levamisole plus BCG for malignant lymphoma: a Southwest Oncology Group Study.

Between 1977 and 1983 the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) evaluated chemotherapy alone (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone; CHOP) or chemoimmunotherapy (CHOP-levamisole or CHOP-levamisole-BCG) in a randomized prospective clinical trial involving 715 eligible patients with all types of malignant lymphoma (ML). Of 281 evaluable patients with favorable histologic types of ML, 171 (61%) achieved complete remission (CR) and there was no difference in CR rate, CR duration, or survival according to the type of initial treatment. Of 388 evaluable patients with unfavorable histologic types of ML, 194 (50%) achieved CR. Levamisole appeared to adversely affect CR rates in nodular mixed and nodular large-cell lymphoma and CR duration in patients with unfavorable histology ML. Chemoimmunotherapy with levamisole or levamisole-BCG offers no advantage in terms of CR rates, CR duration, or survival compared to CHOP chemotherapy alone, and levamisole may have had an adverse impact on outcome in certain subtypes of ML.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1985

Two housing systems for calves.

Thirty-six male Holstein calves were in an experiment with 2 X 2 factorial design with the objective of comparing management systems and milk feeding. Housing systems were similar except calves on A system were housed in pens .66 m wide with grated floors whereas calves on B system were in pens that were 1.36 m wide with solid floors bedded with straw. Within each management system nine calves were fed milk at 8% of body weight and nine calves at 12% of body weight. There was no interaction between management system and feeding percent. Preweaning calves fed more milk gained faster (.64 versus .50 kg/day) compared with calves fed less. Management system did not influence body weight gain or feed conversion prior to weaning, but postweaning A system resulted in slower gains (.74 versus .90 kg/day) and less favorable feed conversion (2.00 versus 1.77 kg dry matter intake/kg body weight gain) than calves housed under the B system. Eosinophil count was higher during 5th and 7th wk of the experiment for calves housed in A compared with B system. Measurements of body weight gain and feed conversion were effective in differentiating between two housing systems for calves.

Animals↗