Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S Dreizen.
Three caries preventative regimens: oral hygiene; oral hygiene and topical fluoride; and oral hygiene, typical fluoride, and sucrose restriction were evaluated in patients with cancer given xerostomia-producing radiotherapy. The oral hygiene-fluoride gel combination was remarkably effective in protecting these high risk patients from caries, regardless of the cariogenicity of the diet.
Sections of the jaws from marmosets of all ages were impregnated with silver nitrate to demonstrate the intrabony course of the alveolar fibers of the periodontal ligament. As the interseptal bone undergoes a period of resorption and apposition, the intrabony alveolar fibers also are lost and reformed. Age changes were noted in the insertion depth of the alveolar fibers. A continuum of fibers traversing the alveolar septum could not be determined.
Adult cotton top marmosets made niacin deficient by long-term dietary deprivation, developed a syndrome characterized by anorexia, weight loss, weakness, diarrhea, dermatitis, enterocolitis and stomatitis. The stomatitis was highlighted by a necrotizing gingivitis and periodontitis and by an ulcerative and atrophic glossitis.
Saliva and serum electrolyte concentrations were monitored in 30 patients given a course of xerostomia-producing cancer radiotherapy. The mean flow rate of stimulated whole saliva decreased 83.3% during a 6-week treatment period. The striking reduction in saliva output was accompanied by significant increases in saliva Na+, Cl-, Ca++, Mg++ and Prot.- concentrations and by a decrease in saliva HCO3- content. The xerostomic saliva was more concentrated and had a greater salinity than the pretreatment saliva in each instance. In contrast, none of the serum electrolytes measured was significantly altered by the subtotal salivary shutdown.
Saliva and serum lysozyme, immunoglobulin, albumin, and total protein levels were monitored in thirty patients with cancer of the head or neck before, during, and after radiotherapy and compared with those of a group of non-irradiated noncancer control subjects. The mean volume-based saliva lysozyme and total protein concentrations were significantly higher in the cancer patients before radiotherapy than in the control group. During radiotherapy, the mean volume-based concentrations of all protein components assayed increased as the saliva flow rate decreased. Protein-based ratios of saliva albumin, IgG, and lysozyme and the ratio of IgG/IgA increased as the xerostomia intensified. Ratios of saliva total protein and IgA to flow rate paralleled the flow rate decrease. Such increased concentrations in saliva immunoproteins were offset, however, by a greater than 93 per cent reduction in total saliva output. This reduced saliva output, therefore, resulted in an immunoprotein deficit. There were no significant differences between the mean serum lysozyme levels of the cancer and control groups at any point of comparison. The mean serum immunoglobulin concentrations in the cancer patients before radiotherapy were significantly higher than those in the control group. During radiotherapy, there was a decrease in the mean serum total protein, albumin, and immunoglobulin levels which reverted toward the pretreatment values during the postirradiation period.
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No part of the body reflects the complications of cancer chemotherapy as visibly and vividly as the mouth. The hemorrhagic, infectious, nutritional, cytotoxic, and neurologic signs of drug toxicity are registered in the mouth by changes in the color, character, and continuity of the mucosa. Although some of the complications are an inevitable part of the price of treatment, each constitutes a threat that must be kept within manageable limits.
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Glucose utilization by the marmoset salivary glands was studied radioisotopically, both in vitro and in vivo. Surgically excised, minced parotid and submandibular glands from 7 adult animals were incubated in vitro in a medium containing uniformly labeled 14C glucose (glucose-UL-14C), then subjected to respirometry measurements and to extraction and separation procedures for the radioautographic isolation and identification of amino acids, organic acids, and glucose. Glucose utilization in vivo by the marmoset salivary glands was determined in 3 animals by analysis for 14C-containing amino acids, organic acids and glucose in pilocarpine-stimulated whole saliva, following intraperitoneal injection of glucose-UL-14C. The whole saliva was fractionated, separated and processed for localization of radioactivity by the same methods that were used in the in vitro studies. The isolated and in situ salivary glands converted glucose-UL-14C into 14C-containing carbon dioxide, glycine, alanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and lactate. In no instance did the amount of 14C-glucose secreted in saliva exceed 0.52 mg/100 ml..
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