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S Diallo

Publications and source records attributed to S Diallo.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Malaria and rice growing in the Senegal River delta (Senegal)].

An epidemiological survey of malaria was carried out from September 1992 to November 1994 in three villages located in the Senegal river delta, two villages growing rice in irrigated fields and one practicing traditional rain water agriculture. Entomological observations showed that Anopheles pharoensis is the main anopheline species caught in the area with a high population density in the rice growing villages. The population density of species of the An. gambiae complex, represented by An. gambiae s.s., An. arabiensis and An. melas is low. Agressivity rates and anthropophlic indexes of An. pharoensis females are high but their parity rates are low. The malaria transmission is weak and was not perceptible in the area as shown by the negative results obtained with the ELISA tests and the examination of salivary glands. Parasitological indexes, malaria morbidity and incidence rates are low and are in agreement with the entomological data. In the Senegal river delta, irrigation has, on the whole, increased the An. pharoensis density but both malaria transmission and incidence rates did not rise.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1995

[Prevalence of malaria in Dakar, Senegal. Comparative study of the plasmodial indices in pregnant and non-pregnant women].

The comparison of the prevalence of malaria in pregnant and non pregnant women living in Dakar has interested 1819 women among whom 950 pregnant and 869 non pregnant. For all the examined women, the global plasmoidic index was 2.6% and the gametocytic index 0.1%. Plasmodium falciparum was the only observed species. According to the obtained results, pregnant women, with a plasmoidic index of 4.5% are more often parasited than the non pregnant women, only affected in a proportion of 0.5% Whatever the age, the number of previous pregnancy, the place of residence, the duration of the stay in Dakar may be, the pregnant women are always more often parasited than the non pregnant women and the registered differences are statistically significant. That situation could come from a greater receptivity of the pregnant women what is admitted by some authors. But a more important proportion of natives from rural area was observed among the pregnant women, from where a difference in the exposure to the risk of impaludation between the two groups that could explain the registered results. The global plasmoidic index of 2.6% obtained in the examined women, reflects well the present situation of the malaria endemy in Dakar, a weak hypo-endemic area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Comparison of the transmission of malaria in 2 epidemiological patterns in Senegal: the Sahel border and the Sudan-type savanna].

From September 1992 to October 1993 a longitudinal entomological study was carried out in two villages located in different ecological conditions of Senegal, a sahelian area and a sudan-type savanna. Mosquitoes were sampled by night-bites catches and by daytime pyrethrum spray collections. In both villages Anopheles gambiae s.l. is the main vector with An. gambiae in the savanna area of Wassadou and An. arabiensis in the sahelian area of Thiaye. Malaria transmission is mainly seasonal with a man biting rate (ma) and an entomological inoculation rate (h) higher in Wassadou than in Thiaye. In this last one (sahelian area), a high variation of An. gambiae s.l. density was observed, females disappear in the dry season. In the rainy season the main biting rate increases but no infected bite was recorded. In Wassadou (sudan-type savanna), a great difference in An. gambiae s.l. specific composition was observed with An. gambiae predominant in the rainy season and An. arabiensis generally more abundant in the dry season. The biting and inoculation rates were minimum during the dry season (ma = 4 bites/man/night; h = 0.07 infected bites/man/night-, they increase during the rainy season (ma: 52 bites/man/night; h = 1.6 infected bites/man/night). An inhabitant of this village gets annually some 63, bites and 220 infected bites of An. gambiae s.l., mainly during the six months of the rainy season and the early dry season.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Goitrous endemic in Guinea.

We identified a major goitrous area in the Republic of Guinea, characterised by an overall goitre prevalence of 70% in adults. Thyroid swelling was sometimes present at birth and affected 55% of schoolchildren. A difference between sexes appeared at puberty. Endemic cretinism, mainly in its myxoedematous form, was found in about 2% of goitrous patients. In this region, iodine deficiency is the primary causative factor (median urinary concentrations of 16 micrograms/L, and in 69% of inhabitants below the critical threshold of 20 micrograms/L). The diet contained substantial amounts of thiocyanate anions (median 6 mg/L in urine and in 27%, more than 10 mg/L) likely to further depress iodine bioavailability. Other dietary compounds, notably flavonoids were suspected to contribute. Overall nutritional and general health appeared satisfactory. The affected population is borderline euthyroid with a trend towards hypothyroidism in protracted disease. This area of Guinea may be regarded as the epicentre of the west African endemic and as one of the most severely goitrous regions ever described, requiring urgent public health measures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Intestinal parasitic diseases and tinea of the scalp in Dakar school population: influence of environmental factors on the infestation level].

We carried out a study during February 1993 in a french and three coranic schools in order to evaluate the incidence of the economical level on the prevalence of intestinal parasites and tinea's scalp. Infection rate by intestinal parasites were 67.4% and 84% respectively in french and coranic schools with significant differences: X2 = 10.8. Infection rate by dermatophytes were 10.6% and 48.8% respectively in francophone and coranic schools with significant differences: X2 = 29.3. Ascaris was predominant through all ages in coranic schools, while amaeba were the main parasites in the upper ages in the french school. Bad environmental features observed in coranic schools as well as in popular areas are risk factors to the infection and contribute to increase the prevalence of intestinal parasitic diseases and tinea's scalp.

Child↗
PubMed1994

[Transmission of malaria in villages far away or situated on the border of a mangrove in Senegal].

During 23 months period, entomological surveys were carried out in three villages of a mangrove area and two others far of the mangrove in the south part of Senegal. An. gambiae s.s was the main malaria vector and the sampling of its population was done by human baits catch. The An. gambiae density was important in the rainy season and the malaria transmission occurred from July to November; the inoculation rate rose from 0 to 123 infected bites per man. Marked yearly and local variations of the transmission intensity were observed. The transmission intensity was higher in the villages far of the mangrove than in those near. The variations of the transmission intensity were related to the larval breeding sites and to the longevity of the An. gambiae females.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Prevalence of Cryptosporidium sp and Isospora belli in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Dakar (Senegal].

72 patients with AIDS, having diarrhoea and admitted in the Unit of Infectious diseases, Fann Hospital from 1989 to 1991 were investigated for Cryptosporidium sp. and Isospora belli isolation by the modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique, after stolls' concentration by Ritchie technique. The prevalence were 13.9% for Cryptosporidium sp, and 15.3% for I. belli. In two patients (2.8%), these 2 coccidiae were associated. Cryptosporidium sp. and I. belli were the single parasites found respectively in 6 (8.3% and 7 (9.7%) of the patients. In the other faecal samples with a positive result for Cryptosporidium sp. or I. belli, they were associated with A. lumbricoides, G. intestialis, E. histolytica or S. stecoralis. According to these results, Cryptosporidium sp. and I. belli were more frequently observed in AIDS patients from Dakar than those from Zaĭre, Congo and Côte d'Ivoire.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1993

[Cryptosporidiosis among intestinal parasitosis in Senegalese pediatric hospital patients].

From November 1991 to March 1992 authors have carried out a study on the place of cryptosporidiosis among the intestinal diseases in children from a Dakar Pediatric Hospital. Different technics have been used to identify the parasites in the stool: direct examination, followed by Ritchie and Zielh Nielsen modified by Henricksen and Poblenz. The results show that 32% of the children were carriers parasites. Helminths represent 53.2% of the parasites with predominance of Ascaris lumbricoides. Giardia intestinalis is the more representative parasite among the Protozoa which constitute 46.8% of the parasites. 13 cases of parasites associations have been founded. The cryptosporidies have been founded in 3 stools, and constitute 4.6% of the whole parasites. The cryptosporidiosis take a little place among the intestinal diseases in Dakar's children.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Malaria in the Saharan region of Senegal. 1. Entomological transmission findings].

An 18 months longitudinal survey on the entomological aspects of the transmission of malaria has been carried out in a village practising rice field irrigation and in another village with traditional rain water agriculture. Both are located in the Sahelian area of the Senegal river central valley, in Senegal. The study is based on mosquito samples caught on human baits. The vectors A. arabiensis and A. gambiae could be found all year long in the village with rice field irrigation, but only during the rainy season in the other village distant from the rice field area. The average aggressive density decreases with the remoteness from the rice field area. From 16 bites/man/night (BMN) in the rice field area, it decreases to 7 BMN at 500 m and to 1 BMN at 5 km distance. The malaria transmission rate is weak and was not perceptible in the villages located far away from the rice field area. In the village close to the irrigated rice field, only one infected A. gambiae s.l. has been caught during the period of study. Physiological age is higher in the rice field area, but the anthropophilic index is lower. The different parameters involved in malaria transmission show important seasonal and yearly variations. Irrigation has, on the whole, increased mosquito population densities and particularly that of A. gambiae s.l., but malaria transmission does not seem to be influenced by this increase.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Malaria in the Saharan region of Senegal. 2. Parasitological indices].

The malaria parasitological indexes have been studied in three villages situated in the Senegal river central valley. Near one of them an irrigated rice field has been operational since July 1989. Each village has its own health care unit and the consumption of antimalarial drugs, especially chloroquine, is important. The parasitological indexes in children 0 to 9 years old and in patients presenting with symptoms evocative of malarial attacks are low. Irrigation of the rice field area does not seem to be an increasing factor for the malaria parasite rates in the area.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Comparative efficacy of the use of CDC light traps and humans to sampling anopheles populations. Results obtained in the area of Bignona (Senegal)].

The simultaneous use for the purpose of comparison of human bait catch and light trap collection for sampling anopheles populations specially the Anopheles gambiae s.l. in the area of Bignona, Senegal shows that: light traps provide more information on the specific composition of anopheles fauna; the performance of light traps and that of human baits are comparable indoor during the period of high density of anopheles. Outdoor, light traps catch fourth less females A. gambiae. But the two methods always vary in the same pattern and identically reflect the density variations of the populations; there is no significant difference between the repletion status, the physiological age and the sporozoite index of females A. gambiae s.l. collected with each of the 2 methods. Light trap collection may therefore be considered a reliable sampling method for A. gambiae s.l. specially inside houses in some areas where this method can efficiently permit to complete the human bait catch for a malaria transmission study.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Fungi in the hospital environment and infectious risk].

Using petridishes at hospital in services with risk patients, we have isolated Aspergillus (41.5%), Penicillium (26.4%), Candida (12.2%), Fusarium (7.5%), Mucorales (5%), Scopulariopsis (5%), Scytalidium (0.8%), Tricothecium (0.8%), Ulocladium (0.8%). Several fungi grew at 37 degrees. These saprophytic fungi could give opportunistic mycoses in immunodeficient patients.

Fungi↗
PubMed1992

[Evaluation of the efficacy of fenitrothion (Sumithion PM40) on vector density and the prevalence of malaria in Pout (Thiès, Sénégal)].

House-spraying with fenitrothion for malaria control was evaluated in three villages of the Pout rural community (Senegal) between August 1988 and October 1990. The baseline data were collected during the first year. The malaria vector was identified as Anopheles arabiensis and the highest malaria prevalence was observed in October 1988 (38%) in the child population (2-9 years old). A simple round of fenitrothion house-spraying at 1 g/m2 was carried out in the second part of July 1989. About 90% of the houses were treated. The malaria vector was reduced to negligible density and a rapid decrease of malaria prevalence was observed. In this area of short seasonal transmission, where the stability of malaria is low, one single round of spraying led to a marked reduction of malaria transmission and prevalence. The cost of the treatment was about 50 US cents per capita.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Determinants of vaccination in an urban population in Conakry, Guinea.

A community survey was conducted in 1989 in Conakry, Guinea to determine reasons for low vaccination coverage. Some 377 children aged 12-23 months and their guardians were studied, of whom 204 (54%) had vaccination records. According to their records 19% of children were fully and correctly vaccinated. Thirty-nine incompletely vaccinated children (19% of those with records) had sufficient documented contacts with health services to be fully vaccinated, but at least one immunization opportunity was missed. Multivariate analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with receipt of first dose diphtheria/pertussis/tetanus/oral polio vaccine (DPT/OPV) and with completion of the DPT/OPV series. Factors determining initiation of the series included maternal education (assessed by ability to speak French), household possession of a television, maternal age less than 35 years, child's birth in hospital, and, for non-French speakers, the mother considering vaccination to be affordable. Factors determining completion of the DPT/OPV series, among children who began vaccination, included maternal education, employment, and past positive experience with vaccination services (short waiting times, not having been turned away from vaccination, and not knowing a child with a post-vaccine 'abscess'). Vaccination coverage can be substantially increased in Conakry by improving health services to avoid missed opportunities, following the vaccination schedule correctly, reducing waiting times and avoiding abscesses.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Obstacles to achieving immunization for all 2000: missed immunization opportunities and inappropriately timed immunization.

Missed opportunities and inappropriately time immunization substantially reduced the coverage achieved in Mozambique and Guinea Conakry. During coverage surveys in Mozambique, we noted dates of attendance at a health facility for growth monitoring or vaccination, and in Conakry we also abstracted dates of curative care visits from home-based documents. In Mozambique, an average of 84 per cent of children aged 12-23 months had documents, and an average of 53 per cent of children were fully and correctly vaccinated. Among children with cards, 11 per cent had received all vaccines, but at least one dose was applied before the recommended age or with too short an interval between doses (inappropriately timed vaccinations). A further 8 per cent of children had sufficient documented contacts with preventive services to be fully vaccinated, but immunization opportunities had been missed. In Conakry, 54 per cent of 12-23 month-old children had immunization cards, and only 19 per cent were fully and correctly vaccinated. Among children with cards, 9 per cent had received all vaccines, but some were inappropriately timed, and 19 per cent had enough contacts with curative or preventative services to be fully vaccinated, but opportunities had been missed. We recommend that home-based records document all health centre visits, including those for curative care, and that missed opportunities and vaccination timing be routinely evaluated during vaccine coverage surveys.

Guinea↗
PubMed1991

[Trial of halofantrine in the treatment of malaria attacks by Plasmodium falciparum in Dakar (Senegal)].

Halofantrine has been given to 14 children and 15 adults suffering from an acute attack of P. falciparum malaria and living in Dakar (Senegal) to a total dose of 24 mg/kg/body weight for the first group and 1,500 mg for the second in 3 times at 6-hourly intervals. This treatment has allowed the fever to clear in all cases within 36.3 +/- 19.9 hours and headache to disappear at D3 in 93.1% of cases. A reduction by 93.6% of the average parasite density which amounted before treatment to 27,710 trophozoites/mm3 of blood has been recorded from the day following the beginning of treatment and the parasite clearance obtained in all the patients of whom had chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum strains in mean time of 58.0 +/- 14.7 hours. In 3 cases (10.7%) a recrudescence of parasitemia has been noticed in D14. Only 1 of them was treated again with halofantrine which proved efficient from D2. The only adverse reactions have been nausea, vomiting, a slight diarrhoea and dizziness which affected only 13.8% of the patients. No abnormality has been noticed at a biological level. These results confirm the efficacy and good tolerance of halofantrine and allow to list it among the resource drugs used for the treatment of chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum malaria in our area.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Endemic parasitic epidemiology in the anti-salt dam area of Bignona (Senegal)].

During the study in the anti-salt dam area in Bignona, we noted that malaria was mesoendemic (IP = 45.2%), with a high transmission during the rainy season. Prevalence rate of schistosomiasis was low. Intestinal parasites were frequent (74.4%). It is to be feared with the putting salt out, the prevalence rate of the parasitic diseases would increase, so it is important to create an unity of follow up.

Humans↗