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Biomedical subjects

S Day

Publications and source records attributed to S Day.

137 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Integrating residency training in geriatrics into existing outpatient curricula.

In recent years, the need for increasing the geriatrics component of residency training has been repeatedly addressed; however, there are still many programs that have been unable to meet this need. While alternative sites, such as geriatric evaluation units and nursing homes, may be the ideal sites to teach some aspects of geriatrics, this article argues that the ambulatory care program, required in all residency programs, is the appropriate setting for teaching many of the core skills needed to care for most older adults. Teaching geriatrics in the ambulatory setting, which eliminates the strategic and financial obstacles of developing non-hospital-based sites, can be accomplished with relatively modest additional resources. This article describes the methods used to integrate geriatrics into the ambulatory care component of one internal medicine residency program and the necessary faculty resources as well as the documentation, via chart audit, of the interns' compliance with recommended practice patterns in five categories. With the exception of vaccination status, interns documented 18% or less of possible pieces of information for their patients. While this assessment showed statistically significant improvement in interns' care of older patients after the program intervention, the overall level of performance was still low, underscoring the need for the integration of geriatrics principles in the ambulatory curriculum.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Monoclonal antibody to human cytotrophoblast cross-reacts with basal layers of some fetal epithelial surfaces.

A monoclonal antibody (I8B/A5) was generated towards human first-trimester purified trophoblast plasma membrane which, unlike others reported in the literature, reacted only against cytotrophoblast but not against syncytiotrophoblast. However, this antibody cross-reacted with certain fetal epithelial and endothelial surfaces in a well-defined manner. On such stratified epithelium as fetal skin, only the basal layers of cells were stained, and this was therefore analogous to the pattern observed in chorionic villi where only underlying cytotrophoblast and not superficial syncytiotrophoblast reacted with I8B/A5. These observations suggest that the target antigen either could be a component of certain structures at these sites, such as basement membrane, or it is a marker for proliferating and undifferentiated cells, which would make it an interesting molecule for developmental biologists.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sexual partner networks in the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases. An analysis of gonorrhea cases in Sheffield, UK.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Routine contact tracing data on patients with gonorrhea are used to identify sexual partner networks. These are combined with gonococcal typing data to study patterns of transmission. The role of persons in transmission is discussed. STUDY DESIGN: Contact tracing data on patients with gonorrhea attending the Royal Hallamshire Hospital in Sheffield in 1988 and 1989 are analyzed. Gonococcal strains identified by auxotype/serovar (A/S) class are combined with these data to identify transmission paths. RESULTS: The network contained 1,272 persons, 724 (77%) of whom had gonorrhea during the study period. Four hundred two clusters of linked cases were identified. The largest cluster, containing 35 persons connected over 16 months, is discussed in greater detail to illustrate how these data may help identify patterns of transmission and the role of persons. CONCLUSION: Contact tracing data can be used to identify sexual partner networks and to study transmission patterns. Microbiologic data can aid interpretation. An person's risk of acquiring infection depends on indirect links as well as direct links. To understand patterns of transmission it may be important to distinguish between those involved in transmission and those only acquiring infection. Networks established through gonococcal transmission are also relevant to the transmission of other sexually transmitted diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Monoclonal antibody to human cytotrophoblast.

A monoclonal antibody (18B/A5) has been generated against human first trimester trophoblast membranes which, unlike others so far reported in the literature, reacted only with cytotrophoblast and not with syncytiotrophoblast. Although the identity of the target antigen has not yet been established, the antibody could be a valuable tool for the identification and eventual separation and purification of human cytotrophoblast cells.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Demonstration of Epstein-Barr viral DNA in paraffin-embedded tissues of Burkitt's lymphoma from Argentina using the polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization.

Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) is the most frequent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in children in Argentina. Although epidemiologic studies have linked Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to more than 90% of African BL cases but to only 10-20% of American and French cases, increased EBV-specific antibody titers were demonstrated in 73% of Argentinian patients with BL. To characterize the relationship between EBV and BL in Argentina, we analyzed paraffin-embedded tissues from 16 cases of BL for the presence of EBV DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH). PCR analysis showed that only 4 of 16 specimens contained the EBV BamW fragment, and these specimens were all from cases diagnosed in 1984. Results of ISH performed with a specific biotinylated DNA probe against the NotI/PstI fragment of EBV correlated with the PCR findings. EBV sequences were detected with ISH in 70-90% of the tumor cells from the 4 positive cases. These data may suggest an epidemic outbreak of EBV-related BL in 1984 superimposed on sporadic cases of BL, for which EBV may not have been an essential factor. This study also demonstrates the value of using molecular techniques on archival tissue to track epidemiologic trends.

Argentina↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro antimicrobial activity of diethyldithiocarbamate and dimethyldithiocarbamate against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus.

Staphylococcus aureus has appeared which is highly resistant to both methicillin and aminoglycosides. Current therapy involves long-term intravenous therapy of vancomycin. Since vancomycin is currently the only drug used to treat these patients, there is a need to develop additional antimicrobial therapy. The in vitro antimicrobial effect of the metal chelator, diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) and its structural analog dimethyldithiocarbamate (DMTC) were investigated. Both DDTC and DMTC were effective against S. aureus including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). By agar diffusion, DDTC at 10 micrograms per disk produced zone sizes of 12 to 21 mm and at 100 micrograms per disk produced zone sizes of 26 to 34 mm against MRSA. The DMTC produced slightly greater zone sizes against MRSA of 16 to 24 mm and 24 to 37 mm for 10 micrograms per disk and 100 micrograms per disk, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for DMTC against MRSA was 6 micrograms per ml. Both DDTC and DMTC were also effective against enterococci, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella species, Serratia marcescens and Citrobacter freundii at 100 micrograms per disk. The MICs of DMTC for Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Citrobacter freundii were approximately 128 micrograms per ml while the MICs for Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens was greater than or equal to 256 micrograms per ml. In addition, DMTC was synergistic with gentamicin against MRSA and coagulase-negative staphylococcus species, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Additive and synergistic effects of DMTC were displayed with gentamicin against S. aureus including methicillin-resistant S. aureus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗